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Chapter 39: battle of Monocacy.
The enemy, in considerable force under
General Lew Wallace, was found strongly posted on the eastern bank of the
Monocacy near the
Junction, with an earthwork and two block-houses commanding both the railroad bridge and the bridge on the
Georgetown pike.
Ramseur's division was deployed in front of the enemy, after driving his skirmishers across the river, and several batteries were put in position, when a sharp artillery fire opened from both sides.
Rodes' division had come up from
Jefferson and was placed on
Ramseur's left, covering the roads from
Baltimore and the crossings of the
Monocacy above the
Junction.
Breckenridge's command, with the trains, was in the rear between
Frederick and the
Junction, while the residue of the cavalry was watching a force of the enemy's cavalry which had followed from
Maryland Heights.
The enemy's position was too strong, and the difficulties of crossing the
Monocacy under fire too great, to attack in front without greater loss than I was willing to incur.
I therefore made an examination in person to find a point at which the river could be crossed, so as to take the enemy in flank.
While I was engaged in making this examination to my right, I discovered
McCausland in the act of crossing the river with his brigade.
As soon as he crossed, he dismounted his men, and advanced rapidly against the enemy's left flank, which he threw into confusion, and he came very near capturing a battery of artillery, but the enemy concentrated on him, and he was gradually forced back obstinately contesting the ground.
McCausland's movement, which was very brilliantly executed, solved the problem for me, and, as soon as I discovered it, orders were sent to
Breckenridge to move up rapidly with
Gordon's division to
McCausland's assistance, and to follow up his attack.
This division crossed at the same
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place, and
Gordon was ordered to move forward and strike the enemy on his left flank, and drive him from the position commanding the crossings in
Ramseur's front, so as to enable the latter to cross.
This movement was executed under the personal superintendence of
General Breckenridge, and, while
Ramseur skirmished with the enemy in front, the attack was made by
Gordon in gallant style, and, with the aid of several pieces of
King's artillery which had been crossed over, and Nelson's artillery from the opposite side, he threw the enemy into great confusion and forced him from his position.
Ramseur immediately crossed on the railroad bridge and pursued the enemy's flying forces and
Rodes crossed on the left and joined in the pursuit.
Echols' division, which had been left to guard the trains, was ordered up during the engagement, but was not needed.
The pursuit was soon discontinued, as
Wallace's entire force had taken the road towards
Baltimore, and I did not desire prisoners.
Wallace's force I estimated at 8,000 or 10,000 men, and it was ascertained that one division of the 6th corps (
Rickett's), from
Grant's army, was in the fight.
Between 600 and 700 unwounded prisoners fell into our hands, and the enemy's loss in killed and wounded was very heavy.
Our loss in killed and wounded was about 700, and among them were
Brigadier General Evans wounded, and
Colonel Lamar of the 61st Georgia Regiment,
Lieutenant Colonel Tavener of the 17th Virginia Cavalry and
Lieutenant Hobson of Nelson's artillery, killed.
The action closed about sunset, and we had marched fourteen miles before it commenced.
All the troops and trains were crossed over the
Monocacy that night, so as to resume the march early next day. Such of our wounded as could not be moved in ambulances or otherwise were sent to the hospitals at
Frederick under charge of competent medical officers, and our dead were buried.
During the operations at
Monocacy, a contribution of $200,000 in money was levied on the city of
Frederick, and some needed supplies were obtained.