Mr. President: You have been fully informed that the
Rebel army is in the front, with the purpose of overwhelming us by attacking our position or reducing us by blocking our river communications.
I can not but regard our condition as critical; and I earnestly desire, in view of possible contingencies, to lay before your excellency, for your private consideration, my general views concerning the existing state of the
Rebellion, although they do not strictly relate to the situation of this army, or strictly come within the scope of my official duties.
These views amount to convictions, and are deeply impressed upon my mind and heart.
Our cause must never be abandoned; it is the cause of free institutions and self-government.
The Constitution and the
Union must be preserved, whatever may be the cost in time, treasure, arid blood.
If Secession is successful, other dissolutions are clearly to be seen in the future.
Let neither military disaster, political faction, nor foreign war, shake your settled purpose to enforce the equal operation of the laws of the
United States upon the people of every State.
The time has come when the
Government must determine upon a civil and military policy, covering the whole ground of our national trouble.
The responsibility of determining, declaring, and supporting such civil and military policy, and of directing the whole course of national affairs in regard to the
Rebellion, must now be assumed and exercised by you, or our cause will be lost.
The Constitution gives you power, even for the present terrible exigency.
This Rebellion has assumed the character of a war; as such it should be regarded; and it should be conducted upon the highest principles known to Christian civilization.
It should not be a war looking to the subjugation of the people of any State, in any event.
It should not be at all a war upon populations but against armed forces and political organizations.
Neither confiscation of property, political executions of persons, territorial organization of States, nor forcible abolition of Slavery, should be contemplated for a moment.
In prosecuting the war, all private property and unarmed persons should be strictly protected, subject only to the necessity of military operations; all private property taken for military use should be paid or receipted for; pillage and waste should be treated as high crimes; all unnecessary trespass sternly prohibited, and offensive demeanor by the military toward citizens promptly rebuked.
Military arrests should not be tolerated, except in places where active hostilities exist; and oaths, not required by enactments, constitutionally made, should he neither demanded nor received.
Military government should be confined to the preservation of public order and the protection of political right.
Military power should not be allowed to interfere with the relations of servitude, either by supporting or impairing the authority of the master, except for repressing disorder, as in other cases.
Slaves, contraband, under the act of Congress, seeking military protection, should receive it. The right of the
Government to appropriate permanently to its own service claims to slave labor should be asserted, and the right of the owner to compensation therefore should be recognized.
This principle might be extended, upon grounds of military necessity and security, to all the slaves of a particular State, thus working manumission in such State ; and in
Missouri, perhaps in
Western Virginia also, and possibly even in
Maryland, the expediency of such a measure is only a question of time.
A system of policy thus constitutional, and pervaded by the influences of Christianity and freedom, would receive the support of almost all truly loyal men, would deeply impress the
Rebel masses and all foreign nations, and it might be humbly hoped that it would commend itself to the favor of the Almighty.