William Swinton, Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac

Index.

Alexandria, Va., captured by Federal troops, 30.

Antietam, map of manoeuvres on, 199; the battle of, 208; the positions of the two armies, 208; Lee's force at, 209; the movement across the Antietam on Lee's left flank, 209; the desperate struggle between McClellan's right and Lee's left, 212; Sumner's appearance before the Confederate left, 213; Burnside at the lower stone bridge, 219; the operations on McClellan's left under Burnside, 219; Franklin arrives and re-enforces McClellan's right, 219; McClellan's urgent order to Burnside—the latter's delay to advance on Lee's right, 220; Burnside driven back by Confederate re-enforcements, 221; the losses of both armies, 221; Lee's withdrawal to Virginia, 222; McClellan's intentions as to renewed attack, 222.

Archduke Charles, the, on duties of a general, 131.

Army of Northern Virginia—see Confederate army.

Army of the Potomac in History, 13; its adversary, 16; organization of the, 60; engineer establishment of the, 65; artillery organization of the, 65; brigade organization of the, 65; strength and condition of, on McClellan assuming command, 62; strength available for advance, 70; army corps, McClellan's intentions, 64; first disposition of the, 27; first crossed into Virginia, 30; Manassas campaign —see Manassas; inactivity during winter of 1861-2, reasons advanced for, 71; comparative discipline in 1861 and 1862, 72; organization into four corps by the President, 88; resumes its positions of previous to battle of Fair Oaks, 139; strength, June 26, 1861, 142; Gaines' Mills battle, 149; right wing on the south bank of Chickahominy River, 153; retreat to the James commenced, 154; order of march across White Oak Swamp, 155; concentrated at Malvern Hill —the battle of, 160; withdraws from Malvern Hill to Harrison's Bar, 164: its bravery and endurance on the Peninsula, 166; number brought back to Harrison's Landing, 167; ordered to withdraw to Aquia Creek, 171; transferred to Aquia Creek and Alexandria, via Fortress Monroe, 174; Army of Virginia absorbed into, 193; movement towards Frederick, 197; moves towards Harper's Ferry, 201; arrives at South Mountain, 202; at Antietam, 208; position after battle of Antietam, 225; reorganization of operations after Antietam, 225; crossed the Potomac into Virginia, 226; McClellan removed and Burnside appointed to command, 227; its change of base to Fredericksburg, 230; reorganized by Burnside into three grand divisions, 231; moves from Warrenton, 233; the battle of Fredericksburg, 238; ‘mud march,’ 258; Hooker placed in command, 261; spirit of the officers under Burnside, 262; Chancellorsville campaign, 267; cavalry, Hooker's organization of the, 268; the badge system and its value, 268; [626] its strength before Chancellorsville, 269; passage of the Rappahannock before Chancellorsville, 270); strength after Chancellorsville, 310; Meade appointed to command, 323; Hooker resigns command, 323; Gettysburg campaign, 326; campaign of manoeuvres, 373; Mine Run move, 398; in winter-quarters, 398; overland campaign, the, 402; reorganized into three corps-Hancock, Sedgwick, and Warren, 410; Sheridan appointed to command cavalry, 412; before Petersburg, 507; ceases to exist, 622.

Army of Virginia formed by McDowell's, Fremont's, and Banks's armies, 168; absorbed into the Potomac army, 193.

Auburn, Stuart bivouacks within Union lines at, 381; Caldwell attacked in rear at, 381.

Austrian Aulic council and its Washington prototype, 96.

Banks's (Department of the Shenandoah) position during McClellan's advance, 122; at Strasburg with 16,000 men, 122; fights at, and retreats from, Winchester to north bank of Potomac, 125; General, at battle of Cedar Mountain. 173.

Badge system of the Potomac army, its origin and value, 268.

Baker, Colonel, death at battle of Ball's Bluff, 77.

Ball's Bluff, the battle of, 75.

Barnard, General, on early ideas on quelling the rebellion, 29; on assaulting Yorktown, 110; on the passage of the Chickahominy, 130.

Bethel, Butler, General, plan for capture of Big and Little, 31.

Big Bethel, the affair of, 31.

Birney, evidence on Meade's attack at Fredericksburg, 248.

Blackburn's Ford, General Tyler's repulse at, 48.

Blair, Postmaster-General, on advance via York River, 83.

Blenker's division detached from Mc-Clellan to join Fremont, 93.

Bolivar Heights, the position of, 206.

Bottom's Bridge, purpose of throwing Potomac army on Richmond side of the Chickahominy, 121.

Boydton plankroad, action of, 542.

Braddock Road, origin of the name, 47.

Brandy Station, cavalry action at, 313.

Bristoe Station, Hooker's defeat of Ewell at, 179; race of the two armies for, 380; battle of, 383.

Buckland's Mills, Kilpatrick's cavalry action at, 386.

Buford, General, at Gettysburg, 328.

Bull Run, battle of—see Manassas.

Bull Run the Second—see Manassas No. 2.

Burgess's Mill—see Southside Railroad.

Burnside, General A. E., at Antietam —see Antietam; appointed to command Potomac army, 227; his opinion of his unfitness for the chief command, 230; change of base to Fredericksburg considered, 232; his delay at Warrenton to reorganize, 232; move to Fredericksburg, 233; intentions and plan of operations via Fredericksburg, 233; opinion on direct crossing at Fredericksburg, 237; desperation at repeated failures, 251; instructions to wait orders from the President, 257; contemplated attempt on Lee's rear, 257; lost the confidence of the army, 258-261; his career as commander of the Potomac army considered, 261; he resigns his command, 261; spirit of his officers, 262; (Ninth) corps joins Meade, 413; the Petersburg mine, 518.

Butler, General B. F., design of raid on Richmond, 398; campaign on the James—see James River.

Calls for troops by President Lincoln, 14, 29, 30. Campaign of Manoeuvres, 373; of manoeuvres criticised, 388.

Carnot on military discipline, 67; on the bombardment of towns, 241; on selection of troops for assault, 521.

Carrick's Ford, General Garnett defeated and killed—West Virginia campaign ended, 39.

Cedar Creek, the battle of, 561; General Wright commanding in Sherdan's absence, 561; retreat of the Union army beyond Middletown, 562; Sheridan arrives in front, 562; Early attacked in turn and routed, 563; Early pursued beyond Strasburg, 563; Early retreats southward, 563. [627]

Cedar Mountain, Jackson's report of, 174; battle of, 173.

Cedar Run, attack on Warren at, 382.

Cemetery Ridge, see Gettysburg, 336.

Centreville, Pope pauses at after Manassas No. 2, 192; the flank march on, 376; Meade strongly posted at, 385.

Chancellorsville, Hooker's plan of operations against Lee's left, 271; passage of Ely's Ford, 272; pasof Germanna Ford, 272; passage of United States Ford, 273; Hooker in reverse of Lee's position, 273; Franklin's movement on Lee's front to cover flank march, 274; Hooker jubilant of success, 275; topography of the field, 277; Hooker commences pushing towards open country near Fredericksburg, 277; observations on the battle, 303; Hooker's order to abandon position gained towards open Fredericksburg, 279; strategic faults of the position, 280; Hooker's incomprehensible collapse on Lee's advance towards him, 280; Hooker's line of battle, 281; Jackson's march on Hooker's flank and rear—his force, 283; Jackson's attack on Hooker's right rear, 286; rout of the Eleventh Corps—not half were Germans, 286; Jackson's pursuit of the defeated right checked, 288; Jackson's attempt to cut Hooker from United States Ford, 289; Sedgwick's movement on Lee's rear, 292; Sedgwick met at Salem Heights by a column from Chancellorsville, 298; Hooker's formation on second day, 293; Chancellorsville seized by the Confederates, 295; Hooker prostrated by concussion of a shot, 295; Fredericksburg occupied by Sedgwick, 296; for Sedgwick's move on Fredericksburg, see Fredericksburg, 296; countermarch of part of Lee's army to re-enforce Early, 298; Sedgwick checked—his losses, 299; positions on the third day, 299; Sedgwick's report of losses at, 299; Sedgwick attacked and crosses the Rappahannock, 300; Hooker crossed to north bank of the Rappahannock, 301; the losses on both sides, 301.

Cheat River, see Carrick's Ford.

Chickahominy and Shenandoah Valley's comparative strategy, 121.

Chickahominy River, McClellan posted on north bank of, 119; McClellan's object in crossing Bottom's Bridge, 121; dates of McClellan's passage, 129; topography of, 130; McClellan's army separated by the, 130; two methods of extrication open to McClellan, 140; the, its relation to Richmond defences, 481.

Chickahominy Swamps, the army among after Fair Oaks, 140.

Circle of the Hunt, 565.

Cold Harbor, the battle of, 481; success of Wright and Smith, 483; positions of the two armies, 484; the Union army repulsed at every point, 485; criticism on tactics of, 487; the losses at, 487.

Commissariat of armies, the importance of, 21.

Committee on Conduct of the War, pressure of, 89; on McClellan's march from Williamsburg to the

Chickahominy, 119.

Confederacy, conscription act passed— Mr. Davis holding absolute control of Southern military resources, 111; Johnston and Lee's armies the main armed force of, 401; the failure of the conscription system, 571; weakened by Grant's refusal to exchange prisoners, 571; commissariat, the collapse of the, 571; fighting population was not exhausted, but had lost interest, 571;

Confederate army, first disposition of in Virginia, 27; want of discipline, 72; strength and positions of, 80; for further of—see Lee.

Confederate generals, the earliest, 28.

Corps d'armee—see army corps, 64.

Crampton's Gap, Franklin's advance to, 202; the Confederate force at, 202; the battle of, 204.

Cross Keys, the battle of, 127.

Culpepper, Longstreet left to occupy during Ewell's Shenandoah Valley advance, 314; Lee's army at— Meade countermarching on, 378.

Culp's Hill—see Gettysburg.

Dabney's Mill—see Petersburg.

Dahlgren, Colonel, marches towards Richmond—his defeat and death, 400.

Davis, Colonel B. F., death at Fleet. wood, 313. [628]

Davis, Jefferson, at Manassas, 58.

Deep Bottom—see Petersburg.

Despondency of the North at the close of 1861, 78.

Detached columns of the army inviting destruction in detail, 122.

Dinwiddie Courthouse, Warren sends re-enforcements to Sheridan, 593.

Dufour on army corps, 64; on passage of the Adda by Prince Eugene, 416.

Early attacked before Fort Stevens, and driven, 527; advances towards Washington, 527; burned Baltimere and Ohio Railroad viaduct, 527; retired across the Potomac, 527; expedition at Frederick, Maryland, via Hagerstown, 526; operations in the Shenandoah Valley, 554; at battle of Winchester, 556: at battle of Cedar Creek, 561; address to army after his defeat at Middletown, 563.

Ellsworth, Colonel, shot at Alexandria, Virginia, 30.

Emmettsburg, see Gettysburg.

Ewell rejoined Jackson after defeat of Bristoe Station, 180; advances into Maryland and Pennsylvania, 319; at Chambersburg, Carlisle, Gettysburg, and York, 320; at Mine Run, 391; his corps captured at Sailor's Creek, 610.

Exterior line, the Federal, in Virginia, 44.

Fairfax Courthouse abandoned by Confederates, 47.

Fair Oaks, the battle of, 128; Confederate report of—Johnston's reasons for attack, 131; battle—map of, 132; positions of Union troops near, 132; Casey's redoubt at Seven Pines captured, 133; positions of Casey's division, 134; Hill's attack on Seven Pines' position not a surprise, 133; Sumner ordered to cross the Chickahominy to support Heintzelman, 136; Couch's force bisected by G. W. Smith, 136; Sumner reaches Couch in rear of, 137; Confederates finally driven back by Sumner, 138; the fighting next day skirmishing only, 139.

Final campaign, 1865,565; Five Forks' battle—see Five Forks and Retreat.

Fisher's Hill, Early's retreat to after battle of Winchester, 558; the battle of, 559.

Five Forks, Sheridan's movement to wards, 591; captured by Devin and Davies, 591; Lee sends two divisions to, 592; Union cavalry driven to Dinwiddie Courthouse, 592; Lee's weakness discovered— Sheridan puts his whole force in motion, 594; Five Forks and Petersburg, 595; situation of the opposing forces, 595; Sheridan's feint on Lee's right, and attack on left on White Oak road, 596; the desperate position of the Confederates, 598; remnant of Lee's troops at, fled westward, 599; the battle over—see now Petersburg, 600.

Fleetwood, cavalry action at, 313. Fort Gilmer, Butler's unsuccessful assault, 540.

Fort Magruder at Williamsburg, Virginia, 112.

Fort Steadman, Lee's object in attacking, 575; surprised and taken by coup de main, 576; attacking columns unsupported, 577; the assault fails, and withdrawal impossible, 577; two thousand Confederates surrender—the losses on both sides, 577; Meade captures picket-lines on Lee's right, 577.

Franklin, Fremont at with fifteen thousand men, 122.

Franklin, General, on operating on Richmond via York River, 81; evidence on Burnside's orders at Fredericksburg, 245; reply to President Lincoln's answer to him and General Smith, 265.

Franklin's and Smith's letter to the President proposing plan of campaign, 263.

Frederick the Great, seven years defensive campaign, 308.

Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad, line of advance towards Richmond, 22; compared with others, 406.

Fredericksburg, the battle of, Burnside reaches Falmouth, opposite, 234; topography of the battle-field, 243; town and heights, Burnside's omission to occupy, 234; Burnside's delay, and Lee's arrival on south bank of the Rappahannock, 236; Lee's whole army arrived and in position, 242; Burnside's designed crossing at Skenker's Neck, on Lee's right, 237; the possibilities of crossing, 238; Burnside's pas [629] sage effected, 242; Lee's sharpshooters in the town delay Burnside's crossing, 240; the town bombarded by Burnside, 240; the advance passage of three regiments, and flight of the Confederate sharp-shooters, 241; Jackson's report on concentration at, 243; Franklin's operations on the left, 246; Meade's temporary success on the heights against Jackson, 247; military road at, small importance of Meade's success on, 247; Sumner's operations on the right, 249: Longstreet's position on the Confederate left, 250; French's and Hancock's attack on Lee's left, and terrible repulses, 250; Hooker thrown forward, 252; Burnside's desperate resolve to renew attack next day, 252; the scene closed by night, 252; Burnside framed one plan, and fought on another, 244; the losses of each army, 253; the opposing forces at, 296; Sedgwick's attack on Marye's Hill, 297; Confederate position taken—Sedgwick advances towards Chancellorsville, 298; Hill left in position at, 314; during Chancellorsville campaign —see Chancellorsville.

Fremantle, Colonel, on Lee's critical position after Gettysburg, 363.

Fremont, General, assigned to Mountain Department of West Virginia, 93; (Mountain Department of West Virginia position during McClellan's advance, 122. Front Royal, Jackson's capture of garrison, 125.

Gaines' Mill, map of battle of, 149; Magruder occupies McClellan's attention on south bank of Chickahominy, 151; Porter overwhelmed, and the retreat commenced, 152; French and Meagher cover Porter's retreat, 153; Porter's corps crosses to McClellan at night, 153; estimate of casualties, 153.

Garnett, General, Confederate commander in West Virginia, 35.

Gettysburg campaign, the, 308; theory of the Confederate invasion, 308; Berryville captured by Rodes, 317; Blue Ridge, passes occupied by Longstreet, 318; concentration of the army upon, 324; Lee's army countermarches towards, 326; approach of the two armies towards, 326; topography of the field, 329; the first day—Buford engaged with Hill's van, 328; error of covering too much ground, 333; Howard, General, faulty dispositions at Get. tysburg, 333; the Union centre pierced by Rodes—the troops fall back through Gettysburg, 334; Gettysburg Ridge, the position at, 335; Hancock arrests flight of First and Eleventh corps, 335; Hancock's line of battle on Cemetery Hill and Ridge, 336; Meade and Lee order up their entire forces, 337; both armies concentrated on Gettysburg, 338; the first day's results considered, 341; the second day, 342; positions at commencement of the second day, 342; Sedgwick's (Sixth) corps arrives, 343; Sickles' position on Emnmetsburg road, 344; Longstreet's attack on Sickles, 345; the fight for Little Round Top, 346; Warren saves the position at Little Round Top, 346; Hood's attack on Birney's front, 348; the struggle for the peach orchard, 349; close of the action on the left, 354; Ewell's attack on the Union extreme right, 354; losses of the first two days, 355; the third day—Lee resolves to attack on Culp's Hill, 356; Meade's line on Culp's Hill regained, 356; the artillery combat of the third day, 357; battery positions on the third day, 357; the Confederate column of attack, 358; Pickett's assault on Cemetery Ridge, 359; the panic of Pettigrew's raw troops, 359; surrender of Pickett's troops, 361; Wilcox's attack on Hancock, and its failure, ends the battle, 362; Lee's shattered army returns to its lines on Seminary Ridge, 363; Lee remains a day at bay before retreating, 363; the retreat of Lee, 363; losses on both sides, 363.

Glendale—see Newmarket Cross-roads.

Goldsborough, Admiral, and the navy at Yorktown, 104.

Grant's overland campaign, 402; appointed to command all the armies, 403; his theory of action, 404; establishes headquarters with the Potomac army, 405; on concentric operations, 410; orders for [630] advance beyond the Wilderness, 417; his opinion of manoeuvring, 440; his reason for withdrawing from the North Anna, 477; observations upon, 489; ‘I propose to fight it out on this line,’ 490; his theory of ‘hammering’ considered, 494; on Smith's delay to attack Petersburg, 503; failure to notify Meade or Hancock of movement on Petersburg, 504; was responsible for non-capture of Petersburg, 506; at Petersburg, opportunities open to him, 516; north of the James—feints on Richmond possible, 516; order for final operations, 578; character of his final operations, 579; operations delayed by rainstorm, 586; correspondence with Lee on surrender, 615; see also Army of the Potomac.

Gregg, Confederate general, manner of his death at Fredericksburg, 248.

Groveton—see Manassas, second battle of.

Halleck, General W. H., opinion on McClellan's proposed crossing of the James, 167; an intolerable obstruction and annoyance, 170; urged the withdrawal from the Peninsula, 170; whim to hold Harper's Ferry, 200; his interference with Hooker's intended movements on Lee's rear, 321; vicious distribution of the Union army under independent commanders, 321; refusal to abandon Maryland Heights, 822.

Hancock, report on, at battle of Fredericksburg, 251; at Gettysburg, 334; report of battle of the Wilderness, 423; details of battle of the Wilderness, 425; report of fifth epoch, campaign of 1864, 505; at Reams' Station, 535; movement towards Southside Railroad, 541; report of operations on Boydton plankroad, 546; leaves to organize new First Corps, and never rejoins his old command, 547.

Hanover Junction, Porter's defeat of Branch at, 124.

Harper's Ferry, United States arsenal abandoned in 1861,26; topography of, 206; the first Confederate camp at, 28; Lee's advance against, 200; Jackson's movement towards, 205; completely invested by Confederate occupation of the heights round, 206; surrendered by General Miles, 205: the surrender of and death of Miles, 207; occupied by McClellan, 226; see also South Mountain.

Heintzelman, General, evidence on siege of Yorktown, 110.

Heth, Confederate General, on battle of Hatcher's Run, 545.

Hill, A. P., on Kearney at Manassas No. 2, 186; on the battle of Antietam, 220; marched to rejoin Longstreet at Culpepper, 317; at Mine Run, 391; death of, 603.

Hill, General D. H., bombastic report of Big Bethel affair, 33; at the battle of Malvern Hill, 162; on the battle of Malvern Hill, 163; on battle of Turner's Gap, 203.

Hooker, General, on McClellan's Peninsular corps commanders, 64; at battle of Williamsburg, 115; assault on Jackson at Manassas No. 2, 185; wounded at Antietam, 213; statement on battle of Antietam, 213; on battle of Fredericksburg, 252; placed in command of Potomac army, 261; his reorganization of the Potomac army, 267; his popularity on assuming command, 268; at Chancellorsville (see also Chancellorsville), 271; contradictory evidence on Jackson's purpose at Chancellorsville, 284; the army without a head on Sunday morning, 293; his Chancellorsville campaign considered, 303; strength of his army after Chancellorsville, 310; dispatch anticipating Lee's intentions, 311; dispatch on Confederate movements on Culpepper, 312; dispositions to guard the Rappahannock line, 314: plans on Lee's invasion and opinions at Washington, 315; retrograde movement towards Washington, 316; the army concentrated at Frederick, 320; plan of menacing Lee's rear towards Chambersburg, 321; dispatch to Halleck, urging abandonment of Harper's Ferry, 322; resigns command of the army, 323.

Hunt, appointed chief of artillery, 197; plan of crossing Rappahannock, 241.

Hunter, General, operations in the Shenandoah, 468; victory at Piedmont, [631] and subsequent retreat, 469; succeeded by General Sheridan, 555. Interior line, the Confederate, in Virginia, 44.

Jackson, General T. J. (‘Stonewall’), history of, 28; origin of the title ‘Stonewall’ at Manassas, 54; his maxim, ‘mystery is the secret of success,’ 283; position between the Shenandoah and Swift Run Gap, 124; forces Banks from Winchester to Hall town, and then moves back up Shenandoah Valley, 125; captures Front Royal garrison, and moves towards Banks at Middletown, 125; holds Banks with Ewell's force, drives Milroy upon Fremont, and turns back on Banks, 125; McDowell ordered by the administration to head off, 126; holds Shields in check—Ewell repulses Fremont, 127; slips between McDowell and Fremont, converging on Strasburg, and escapes up the Valley, 127; reunites with Ewell, and repulses Shields' advance, 127; strategic victories saved Richmond, 128; at Ashland, on McClellan's right wing, 144; withdrawal from Port Republic to co-operate with Lee, 144; passed Beaver Dam Creek, 146; description of Hood's charge at Gaines' Mill, 152; detached towards Pope, 173; battle of Cedar Mountain, and retreat to Gordonsville, 173; crossed the Rapidan towards Pope, 175: position and force at Gordonsville, 175; flank march on Pope's right, 177; at Manassas, his perilous position, 180; cut off from Lee by McDowell, 180; strategy of his escape from Manassas, 181; position at Manassas, 184; attack on Pope's right at Ox Hill, 192; movement towards Harper's Ferry, 205; force at Antietam, 212; march on Hooker's flank and rear at Chancellorsville, 283; his death, 289; corps at Chancellorsville, Stuart's report of, 293.

‘Jacobinism of Congress,’ note on Mr. Lincoln's phrase, 80.

James River open by fall of Norfolk, 120; Fort Darling, Union fleet compelled to withdraw, 120; considered as a base line, 140; McClellan adopts change of base to, 147 advance, merits of a, 408; Butler's advance by, 409; Butler's campaign on, 460; his force, 460; ascent of the river, 461; landing at Bermuda Hundred, 461; Butler, Grant's vague instructions on James River campaign, 462; difficulties of the campaign, 463; Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, attempts to capture, 464; Bermuda Hundred, Butler forms intrenched line, 464; Beauregard's operations at Bermuda Hundred, 465; Gillmore, General, at Bermuda Hundred, 465; battle of Drury's Bluff 465; losses of both armies at Ber muda Hundred, 468; Butler's force withdrawn within Bermuda Hundred lines, 468; Bermuda Hundred, General Smith's force ordered from to Grant, 482; Grant's change of base to south of, 498; Bermuda Hundred, Smith's movement on Petersburg, 500; Butler's occupation of Bermuda Hundred, 516.

Jericho Ford—see North Anna.

Jenkins' raid into Maryland and Pennsylvania, 319.

Johnston, General, estimate of forces, 72; army removed to the Rapidan, 90; takes command of Yorktown defences, 103; on unknown redoubts at Williamsburg, 115; withdrawal behind the Chickahominy, 119; account of Casey's defeat at Seven Pines (Fair Oaks). 134; wounded at Fair Oaks, 138; theory of defence of Richmond, 143; on Grant's direct attacks on Lee, 495; restored to command of forces opposing Sherman—his strength, 567; on the Confederate commissariat and conscription, 572.

Jomini on the difficulties of an invading army, 24; on interference with generals in the field, 96; on concentric operations, 410.

Jones, General, on the battle of An tietam, 212.

Kearney's assault at Manassas No. 2, 185.

Kearney, General, the death of, 192; his origination of the badge system, 268.

Kelley's Ford, the Union cavalry at, 268; cavalry action at, 386. [632]

Kilpatrick's raid towards Richmond, 399.

Kinglake, Mr., on English public sentiment on the Crimean war, 68.

Laurel Hill, Virginia, Garnett's position at, 35; McClellan's plan of attack, 37; abandoned by Garnett, 38; see also Rich Mountain.

Lee, General Robert E., appointed major-general, and commander of the Virginia forces, 26; defence of West Virginia, 34; on the poor discipline of the army, 67; appointed to Army of Northern Virginia, 142; withdraws Jackson from Shenandoah Valley, 148; plan of attack on the Chickahominy, 144; concentrated at Newmarket Crossroads, 159; on the battle of Malvern Hill, 163; after Malvern Hill battle withdraws towards Richmond, 164; fault in the Peninsular campaign unnoticed, 165; wished McClellan out of the Peninsula, 171; Seven Days battle—see Seven Days; opened fire on shipping at Harrison's Landing from Coggin's Point—is repulsed, 172; resolved to strike northward on McClellan's evacuation of the Peninsula, 174; on advance on General Pope, 175; unwonted rashness in front of Pope-Longstreet and Jackson separated, 178; joins Jackson at Manassas, 184; abandoned pursuit of Pope, and turned to north of the Potomac, 193; determined to cross into Maryland, 194; purposes after campaign against Pope, 194; crossed the Potomac towards Leesburg, 196; plan of Maryland campaign, 198; advances towards Harper's Ferry, 198; plan of Harper's Ferry movement fell into McClellan's hands, 201; withdrew to Antietam Valley, 207; at Antietam—see Antietam; Maryland campaign at an end, 224; position in the Shenandoah Valley after Antietam, 225; army divided by McClellan's combinations, 226; his erroneous statement on Sumner at Fredericksburg, 244; arrives at Fredericksburg and fortifies the heights, 236; at Fredericksburg—see Fredericksburg; strength before Chancellorsville, 269; army-roll on March 31, 1863, 270; positions before battle of Chancellorsville, 270: discovery of Hooker's purpose at Chansellorsville, 276; Fredericksburg held, and main army pushed towards Chancellorsville, 277; army increased by conscripts and Longstreet's divisions, 310; at battle of Chancellorsville—see Chancellorsville; strength of his army after Chancellorsville, 310; commissariat—reasons for invading Pennsylvania, 310; army reorganized into three corps, 310; force at opening of Gettysburg campaign, 310; manoeuvres to disengage Hooker from the Rappahannock, 312; Culpepper occupied by great part of his army, 312; Shenandoah Valley advance—Winchester reached by Ewell, 314; his right at Fredericksburg, centre at Culpepper, left at mouth of Shenandoah Valley, 315; on his effort to draw Hooker from his base, 318; whole army crossed into Pennsylvania, 320; countermarch of his army towards Gettysburg, 326; battle of Gettysburg—see Gettysburg; error in fighting at Gettysburg, and his reasons therefor, 340; his retreat after Gettysburg, 366; crosses the Potomac safely at Williamsport, 369; retreats to Shenandoah Valley, 373; weakened by detaching Longstreet to Tennessee, 375; position behind the Rapidan, 376; at Culpepper, 378; flanks Meade's right, who falls back behind the Rappahannock, 377; swap queens (Washington for Richmond), 377; destroyed Orange and Alexandria Railroad, 385; withdraws towards the Rappahannock, 385; withdraws across the Rapidan, 388; line of defences at Mine Run, 391; his positions on the Rapidan, 391, 416; method of defence of the Rapidan, 416; strategy to compel battle in the Wilderness, 418; retired behind the Tolopotomy, 479; retrograded towards the Pamunky, and faced Grant in advance of the Chickahominy, 479; morale of his army after Cold Harbor, 492; losses during Grant's overland campaign, 492; his army passing to south of the James, near Drury's Bluff, 503; real force on opening spring campaign, [633] 1865,573; movement towards junction with Johnston on Danville line, 574; never meant to surrender until compelled, 574; attack on Fort Steadman—see Fort Steadman; attack on Warren, on Grant's left, at Boydton plankroad, 590; announces his purpose to abandon Petersburg and Richmond, 603; hopes of escape, and junction with Johnston, 605; final retreat—see Retreat; correspondence with Grant on surrender, 615; final surrender of his army, 618.

Leesburg—see Ball's Bluff.

Letcher, Governor, of Virginia, calls for State militia, 26.

Lincoln, President, calls for troops, 14, 29, 30; correspondence with Mc-Clellan on movement on Manassas, 70; despondent saying at the close of 1861, 78; consultation with Generals McDowell and Franklin at close of 1861, on a Peninsular campaign, 79; would like to borrow McClellan's army (1861), 80; special order to advance to Manassas Junction, 85; general order to move on February 22d, 86; general war order rescinded, and Lower Chesapeake route adopted, 87; order on defence of Washington, 89; and the administration-policy and errors of reviewed, 93; his order recalling McDowell's corps from McClellan's army, 104; Mc-Dowell's recall to Washington— politics and military affairs, 105; reply to Generals Franklin and Smith's proposed plan of campaign, 265; opinion on Hooker's plan of isolating Hill and Longstreet, 315.

Little Round Top—see Gettysburg.

Longstreet on time of his re-enforcing Jackson at Manassas No. 2, 186; wounded at the Wilderness, 434.

Loudon Heights, the position of, 205.

McCall, position at battle of Newmarket Cross-roads, 158; on the fight for the guns at Newmarket Crossroads, 158.

McClellan, General, in West Virginia, 34; intrusted with Department of the Ohio, 35; placed in command of the army, 62; credit to for formation of the grand army, 66; the enentire confidence of the country, 68; plan of direct attack via Manassas, 69; correspondence with President Lincoln on an advance, 70; change of plan of advance-consequent delay, 70; on merits of advance by Manassas, 73; on merits of advance by James River, 408; error of remaining inactive, 74; sickness at close of 1861-discussions by the President, etc., in his absence, 79; Peninsular campaign—see also Peninsula; plan of attacking Richmond by Lower Chesapeake disapproved by the President, 85; declined to explain his plans to the President's meeting unless ordered, 85; report of merits of Chesapeake and Manassas advances-Lower Chesapeake advance approved by eight of twelve generals, 87; relegated to Army of Potomac instead of all the army, 93; hostility to of Washington influential men, 95; his faults of inactivity, etc., considered, 97; opinion on assaulting Yorktown, 110; objects on arrival at the Chickahominy, 121; passivity on reaching the Chickahominy. 129; his position astride the Chickahominy, 140: his nature to hesitate between alternatives, 141; intentions after battle of Fair Oaks, 142; the courses open to, on Lee's approach, 146; Seven Days retreat—see Seven Days; adopts change of base to James River, 147; error on position of Hill and Longstreet at Malvern Hill, 161; retreat a notable achievement, 166; design to cross the James, 167; proposed crossing of the James afterwards realized by Grant, 168; promised reenforcements in the Peninsula, 170; ordered to join Pope at Aquia Creek, 171; advance towards Lee at Frederick, 197; gains copy of Lee's plan of Harper's Ferry advance, 201; arrived at South Mountain, 202; at Antietam—see Antietam; his inactivity after Antietam considered, 222; advance on Warrenton, 226; removed from command in favor of Burnside, 227; the close of his career, 225; his military character considered, 228.

McDougall, General, on positions divided by rivers, 129; on angles in line of battle, 344.

McDowell, General, appointed to lead [634] the Potomac army, 42; time for preparation denied him, 42; withdrew from command, 61; suggested advance towards Richmond, 80; corps detached from McClellan to join in defence of Washington, 93; (Department of the Rappahannock) position during McClellan's advance, 122; at Fredericksburg with 30,000 men, 122; ordered by the administration to attack Richmond in co-operation with McClellan, 123; advance south of Fredericksburg, 124; advance cleared by Porter's corps of the Potomac army, 124; ordered to the Shenandoah Valley, 126; Manassas campaign—see Manassas.

McMahon, General, on Sedgwick's movement before Chancellorsville, 275.

Magruder, Colonel J. B., position near Hampton, 27; on Confederate position on Chickahominy right bank, 147.

Malvern Hill reached by McClellan's artillery, 157; map of the battlefield, 160; battle of, 160; position of the armies, 161; Hill's advance alone by misconception, 162; the Confederates completely repulsed, 163; left flank protected by James River gunboats, 164.

Manassas Junction, the first Confederate camp at, 27; captures of prisoners and supplies by Stuart, 177; advance against Jackson at, 181.

Manassas, the first battle of, 40; Mc-Dowell, General, on fear of masked batteries in Bull Run advance, 34; popular ignorance on nature of the war, 40; the battle of, in 1861, 40; McDowell's plan of operations against, 44; Johnston's evacuation of Winchester, and union with Beauregard, 46; McDowell's army moved from the Potomac towards, 46; McDowell's plan of attack, 48; Beauregard's lines of defence, 50; commencement of the battle, 51; the action of Stone Bridge, 52; peril of Confederate left flank, 53; retreat of the Union army, 56; losses on both sides, 57; causes of the Union defeat, 58; followed by popular uprising, 60; evacuated by Johnston, 89.

Manassas No. 2, Jackson's retreat from, 181; the second battle of, 182; Pope's position at, 181; useless attacks on Confederate positions, 185: close of first day's battle, 186; positions of second day, 188; Pope and Lee's intended attack on each other's left flank on second day, 188; Pope's belief of Lee's falling back, 188; McDowell ordered on Warrenton turnpike, 189; Porter's assault on Warrenton turnpike, 190; Porter repulsed from Warrenton turnpike, 190.

Manassas Gap, General French's feeble attack, 374

Marmont on discrimination of the soldier, 256.

Marsh Creek—see Williamsport.

Maryland campaign, the, 194; Lee's expected co-operation from citizens, 195; his disappointment, 196; McClellan's reorganization of his army, 197; Lee's plan of operations, 198; Frederick evacuated by Lee, 198; General Miles force at Harper's Ferry, 199; Lee's report on straggling, 224; the close of, 224; Antietam—see Antietam.

Maryland Heights occupied by Miles's troops, 205; abandoned by Miles, 206.

Martinsburg and Winchester, General White's force at, 199.

Masked battery fiction, influence of the, 34.

Meade, General, on McClellan's creation of the army, 67; on the battle of Fredericksburg, 248; appointed to command Potomac army, 323; characteristics of, and estimation by the army, 323; position of the army on his taking command, 324; his desire to fight a defensive battle at Gettysburg, 341; circumspect pursuit of Lee, 367; decides on attacking Lee at Williamsport, 369; Lee's escape at Williamsport considered, 369; advance into Virginia, 374; drives Lee across the Rappahannock and Rapidan, 375 position on the Rapidan line, 376; falls back behind the Rappahannock, his left being turned, 377; advances towards the Rappahannock in pursuit of Lee, 385; crossed the Rappahannock—the Confederate position, 387; back between the Rappahannock and Rapidan, 388; the Mine Run move, 390; plan of operations in Mina [635] Run move, 391; pedantic orders of Halleck after Mine Run, 398; army in winter-quarters, 398; his strength on commencement of overland campaign, 413.

Mechanicsville, McClellan's object in carrying, 122.

Meigs, General, on direct advance towards Richmond, 84.

Merrimac, the, to be neutralized, 91; the, destroyed by Confederate Commodore Tatnall, 120.

Middle Military Division, creation of the, General Sheridan commanding, 555.

Miles, General, at Harper's Ferry, 199.

Miles, Colonel, brilliant service at Chancellorsville, 287.

Mine Run move, the, 390; sketch of the battle of, 393; Meade's plan to interpose between Ewell and Hill, 391; Lee's position at, 391; cause of delays of Meade's advance, 392; delays of the Third Corps, 394; the difficulties in crossing the Rapidan, 392; Lee gains time to concentrate, 394; Meade's plan of attack, 396; Warren's intended attack on Lee's right, 395; Warren's attack impossible, and failure of the plan, 396; Warren's forlorn hope fastening their names to their coats, 397; Warren finds attack on Lee's right hopeless, 397; Meade withdraws his army, 397.

Morale of an army, what constitutes it, 255.

Moreau, a movement of compared with Sumner's crossing of the Chickahominy, 138.

Mountain warfare, characteristics of, 36.

Mud campaign, Banks' Ford, the crossing prevented by a storm, 259.

Mustering out, haphazard policy of Government, 309.

Napier, Sir, William, on judgment upon unsuccessful generals, 121.

Napoleon, notes on invasion of England, 99; on fighting without line of retreat, 146; on the chessboard of war, 246; on attacking positions in front, 493; on changes of base, 498.

National wars, the difficulties in conducting, 24.

Newmarket Cross-roads, battle of, its object, 157

Newmarket, battle of, and defeat of Sigel, 468.

Norfolk, General Huger evacuated, by orders from Richmond, to which garrison withdrew, 120; occupied by General Wool, 120.

Norfolk Navy Yard, abandoned in 1861, 26.

North Anna, the two armies head for, 472; the Union army arrives on north bank, and discovers Lee on south bank, 473; Warren crossed at Jericho Ford, and repulse of the enemy, 473; Chesterfield Bridge captured by Hancock, 475; extraordinary position of Confederate army at, 477; Grant's withdrawal and start for the Pamunky, 477.

North, the, offensive thrown upon, 24.

Northern Virginia, position of the three armies of, 122; Pope's campaign (for further, see Pope), 167.

Officers, inefficiency of, property holders' memorial on, 63.

On to Richmond, influence of the phrase, 40.

Opening of the war—see three months campaign.

Opequan, battle of—see Winchester.

Orange and Alexandria Railroad-line of advance towards Richmond, 22; General Pope's position on—his force, 172.

Organization of armies—the division and the corps, 63.

Overland route to Richmond, of the difficulties, 408; overland campaign commenced, 414; overland campaign, observations on, 489; Cold Harbor—see Cold Harbor; Pamunky crossed by the army, and communication secured with Chesapeake Bay, 478; casualties during the overland campaign, 491.

Patterson, General, feeble operations against Winchester, 46; estimates by, of Johnston's strength, 46.

Peach Orchard—see Gettysburg.

Peninsular campaign—Peninsula, description of the, 100; Peninsula, unhealthiness of in August and September, 171; discussions, before adoption, between the President, members of cabinet, and Generals McDowell and Franklin, 79; Lower Chesapeake advance approved by [636] eight of twelve division commanders, 88; decided upon under certain conditions, 91; McDowell's corps and Blenker's division detached from by the President, 93; Peninsula, transportation of the army to the 99; the army before Yorktown (for siege of—see Yorktown), 99; pursuit of Johnston to Williamsburg (for further—see Williamsburg), 112; White House reached. 118; Seven days retreat —see Seven days; the close of the, 164; reflections on its strategy, 164; joy of the South and grief of the North, 165; losses of, 165.

Peninsula, the, as a secondary base, 23.

Petersburg, the siege of, 497; importance as point d'appui for the army, 500; its strategic relations to Richmond, 107; two possible modes of capture, 552; observations on the siege, 550; manoeuvres by the left, 551; Grant's change of base to south of the James, 497; Cole's Ferry—the ponton delay, 499; the fortifications of on Smith's arrival, 501; Grant's army all on south side of the James, 500; Gillmore's and Kautz's abortive attempt to capture, 500; partial success of Smith's forces, 503; noncapture-circumstances of Hancock's march, 504; Hancock ordered to assist Smith before, 504; Grant's expectation of easy capture by Smith, and failure to notify Meade of intended attack, 504; Lee's army arrived in, 506; Meade's indorsement on noncap-ture of, 506; Smith's suspension of operations for the night, 506; Grant compelled to sit down before it, 507; Petersburg and Richmond Railroad, Terry's failure to destroy, 509; Hancock's and Burnside's assault—the enemy driven on whole line, 509; Hancock and Burnside's renewed assault, 510; Grant commences intrenching a systematic line, 511; Lee draws closer round Petersburg, and repulses every new assault, 511; Jerusalem plankroad-Hill strikes between Second and Sixth corps, 512; Stoney Creek, the battle of, 513; Reams' Station, Wilson's defeat and escape, with loss of trains and artillery, 513; Nottoway Station, cavalry action at, 513; Southside Railroad destroyed to Nottoway Station by Wilson and Kautz, 513; Weldon Railroad destroyed at Reams' Station by Wilson and Kautz, 513; losses of preliminary operations, 514; the lines of both armies described, 515; Deep Bottom, Hancock's expedition to, 519; Deep Bottom, Hancock's secret return to Petersburg lines, 520; Lee's diversion against Baltimore and Washington—see Early, 526; Deep Bottom, Hancock's second expedition, 529; summer and autumn operations against Petersburg and Richmond, 529; Weldon Railroad, Warren's seizure of during Deep Bottom operations, 532; Weldon Railroad, Warren's capture, and Confederate efforts to retake, 533; Peeble's Farm, movement by the left, 539; turning movement on Southside Railroad (for further—see Southside Railroad), 540; Fort Harrison carried by Butler, 540; Butler at battle of Chapin's Farm, 540; Chapin's Farm, capture of Fort Harrison by Butler, 540; Southside Railroad, failure to force Confederate position at Hatcher's Run, 541; Southside Railroad—Lee, his extreme line below Hatcher's Run, 541; Southside Railroad and Boydton plankroad, importance of to Lee, 541; Southside Railroad, plan of attack on Lee's right, 541; operations extending Grant's lines westward to Hatcher's Run, 547; Warren's operations on the Weldon road, 549; character of lines, 576; Warren's and Humphreys' move by the rear and left, 581; initial operations of the 29th of March, 582; Lee's right, front position of, 582; Sheridan manoeuvring to the left, 583; Dinwiddie Courthouse occupied by Sheridan, 584; the Union line from tile Appomattox to Dinwiddie Courthouse, 584; Lee's strength and length of in trenched line, 585; Longstreet retained at north side of James River, 585; White Oak road and Hatcher's Run, the two armies at, 586; Humphreys' report of operations of March 30, 1865,587; Union [637] left (Warren's), disposition of the, 588; Lee's centre and left still intact, 600; Lee's centre assaulted by Parke, Wright, and Ord, 601; Confederates pressed back to chain of works close around, 602; the defence of Fort Gregg, 602; evacuated by Lee, 604; Lee's retreat from, and pursuit of—see Retreat.

Petersburg mine fiasco, the, 518; Burnside's choice of assaulting column by lot, 521; Burnside's corps, the morale of before the assault, 521; effect of the explosion, 523; General Ledlie's assault after the explosion, 522; the disaster at the crater, 524; reports of Committee on the Conduct of the War and military court of inquiry, 524.

Piedmont, the battle of, 469.

Pipe Creek—see Gettysburg.

Pleasonton's report of strength of cavalry after Chancellorsville, 310.

Po, the river—see Spottsylvania.

Pope, campaign in Northern Virginia, 167; placed in command of Army of Virginia (McDowell, Banks and Fremont), 168; his military reputation, 168; his bombastic nonsense on assuming command, and its popularity, 169; thought he could march to New Orleans with such an army as McClellan's, 169; Cedar Mountain, the battle of, 173; retrograde movement, 175; Jackson manoeuvring to flank his right, 176; Catlett's Station, Stuart's capture of campand Pope's papers, 177; his right turned by Jackson, 177; on lying off on enemy's flanks, 178; railway communications with Washington cut, 178; his dispositions to attack Longstreet before uniting with Jackson, 179; Groveton, Jackson's position at, and battle, 181; Jackson escapes from Manassas, 181; Porter's advance to Gainsville stopped by Lee's arrival, 183; arrives at Manassas, his position facing Jackson, 184; forced from Manassasretires to Centreville, 191; Ox Hill, the battle of, 192; falls back to Fairfax Courthouse and Germantown, 192; campaign, losses of, 193; withdraws within Washington lines, 193; resigned his command, 193; campaign results to the Confederates, 194.

Port Republic, the battle of, 127.

Porter on north bank of Chickahominy River to engage Jackson, 148; the doubtful order at Manassas No. 2, 186.

Potomac army—see Army.

Potomac River, the Confederate blockade of the, 75.

Prince Eugene on interference of the States-General, 126.

Rapidan, the march to the, 373; Meade falls back from behind Rappahannock, 375; Lee withdraws across, 387; the, crossed by Meade, 415.

Rappahannock, abortive movements upon the, 255.

Rappahannock Station, the battle of, 387.

Raymond, Mr., on Mr. Lincoln's opinion of McClellan's plan of advance, 87. Reams' Station, Hancock's action at, 535; delay in re-enforcing Hancock, 537; Hancock's losses, 538: Hancock's letter to author on the battle. 538.

Retreat of the Army of Northern Virginia—Lee's only line of retreat, 603; the two Union lines of pursuit, 605; Danville line Lee's first objective, 606; Lee reaches Amelia Courthouse, 607; his expected rations had been sent to Richmond and burned, 607; Sheridan's force at Jettersville heading off Lee, 608; Meade joined Sheridan at Jettersville, 608; Sailor's Creek, Ewells corps cut off, and surrendered, 610; Lee crossed the Appomattox near Farmville, 611; starvation and fatigue of Lee's troops, 611; ultimo suspiro, 612; Lee's army overtaken at High Bridge by Second Corps, 613; Farmville, Grant's letter from, to Lee, 615; Sheridan across Lee's line of retreat at Appomattox Courthouse, 617; Lee's attempt to cut through Sheridan's lines at Appomattox Courthouse, 617; Lee's surrender, 618; Lee's surrender, opening of correspondence between Grant and Lee, 618.

Reynolds, General, the death of, 330.

Rich Mountain, Pegram defeated by Rosecrans, 38.

Richmond the objective point of the war, 17; the lines of advance to wards in 1861, 22; what a direct [638] march on would have effected, 147; outer line of redoubts pierced by Kilpatrick, 400; merits of plans of advance discussed, 406; outer defences penetrated by Sheridan, 460; entered by Union troops, 605.

Rivers of Virginia, system of the, 19.

Rivers, theories of defence of, 415.

Round Top—see Gettysburg.

Russell, W. H., on McDowell's army, 43.

Schenck, General, flight of his reconnoitering party near Vienna, Virginia, 33; on Vienna masked batteries, 34.

Scott, Lieutenant-General, views and plans of the war—how they were overruled, 41; dispatch to General Patterson on operations against Johnston, 45.

Sedgwick, General, at Mine Run, 395; his death at Spottsylvania, 447; see also Chancellorsville,

Seminary Ridge—see Gettysburg, 336.

Seven days retreat, the, 140; Lee discovers McClellan's movement for the James River, 154; commenced, 154; Lee commences pursuit, 155; battle of Savage Station, 156; the army debouches from White Oak Swamp, 156; the two columns of pursuit, 157; Newmarket Crossroads, battle of—its object, 157; McClellan's artillery at Malvern Hill, 157.

Seven Pines battle—see Fair Oaks.

Shady Grove, the battle of, 481.

Sheridan appointed to command cavalry of Potomac army, 412; raid on Lee's communications, 458; operations in Shenandoah Valley, 554; qualities as a commander, 556; battle of Winchester, 556; his tactics with cavalry and infantry, 564; raid up the Virginia Valley—completes the circle of the hunt, 568; report of operations, March 30, 1865, 587; at battle of Five Forks, 596.

Shenandoah Valley, topography of the, 19; General Banks retained in, 92; and the Chickahominy—comparative strategy, 121; Ewell's movement into, 314; Ewell's captures, 318; Sheridan's operations summer and winter 1864,554; its strategic value to the Confederates, 554; Sixth Corps retained in, 554 Sheridan at Cedar Creek, 559, Early once more ensconced at Fisher's Hill, 560; desolation of the, by Sheridan, 560; the battle of Cedar Creek—see Cedar Creek, 561; all operations ended in, 564; battle of Winchester—see Winchester.

Sherman at Manassas (Stone Bridge), 53: given command at the West, and against Johnston, 405; advance on Atlanta compared with Grant's direct attack system, 495; capture of Atlanta, 566; march from Atlanta to Savannah, 566; crossed the Savannah into South Carolina, 566; reached Goldsboro, North Carolina, 568.

Savage's Station, the battle of, 156.

Sigel, plan of his operations in Shenandoah Valley, etc., 409; operations in the Shenandoah Valley, 468; superseded by General Hunter, 468.

Smith, G. W., commanding Confederates, vice Johnston, wounded, 138.

Smith, W. F., evidence on Burnside's orders at Fredericksburg, 245; and General Franklin's letter to the President proposing plan of campaign, 263; report on Grant's order at Cold Harbor, 482; reports of his operations against Peters burg, 501, 502, 506.

South Mountain, the battles of, 204; Hill and Longstreet sent to hold passes, 201; see also Harper's Ferry.

Southside Railroad, Warren's turning movement across Hatcher's Run, 542; Hancock's isolated position on Boydton plankroad, 542; Hancock withdraws across Hatcher's Run, 546; losses on both sides, 546.

Spottsylvania, Grant's purpose in seizing, 440; the march to-orders for, 441; Lee marches to, by Parkers' store, 442; Warren's advance met by Longstreet's advance, 444; dispositions of the Union army, 446; Lee at, and across Grant's line of march, 446; Hancock's unfortunate movement across the Po, 447; repeated disastrous repulses of Second and Fifth corps at Laurel Hill, 449; first line on Lee's right carried by Upton, but abandoned, 450; Hancock's successful attack [639] on Lee's right centre, 451; Grant's endeavors to pierce Lee's lines during next week, 454; Lee withdrew to his interior position after twenty hours fighting to dislodge Hancock, 454: diary of attempts to pierce Lee's line May 13th to 19th, 455; losses from May 5th to 21st, 458; the army moved by the left towards Richmond, 458; to the Chickahominy, 470; and the North Anna-character of the region between, 472.

Spottswood mines, origin of the name Spottsylvania, 428.

Stafford Heights—see Fredericksburg.

Steadman, Fort—see Fort Steadman.

Stone, General, defeated at Ball's Bluff, 76; exonerated from blame at Ball's Bluff, 77.

Stoneman's raid on Virginia Central Railroad, 302.

Straggling in the Confederate army in Maryland campaign, 224.

Stuart's capture of Catlett's Station, 176; raid into Pennsylvania, 226; succession to Jackson's command, 292; report of Jackson at battle of Chancellorsville, 293; his absence during movements on Gettysburg, 338; bivouacks within Union lines at Auburn, 381; killed at Yellow Tavern, Virginia, 459.

Subsistence—see Commissariat.

Sumner, General, in command of pursuit of Johnston, 112; at battle of Williamsburg, 118; at battle of Savage's Station, 156; report on his desire to occupy Fredericksburg, 234; on the morale of the army, 256.

Three months campaign, the, in 1861, 26.

Tucker, Mr., Assistant Secretary of War, directed, with General Mc-Clellan, the transportation to the Peninsula, 100.

Turner's Gap, McClellan's right and centre at, 202; the Confederate force at, 202; battle of, 203.

Turenne's counter to Montecuculi in 1675, 147.

Twiss on justifiable desolations by armies, 560.

Valley of Humiliation, the Shenandoah Valley called, 318.

Virginia, her vote to secede, 13; the theatre of the war, 13, 15, 18; river and mountain defensive systems of, 19; preparations for war—--Governor Letcher's call for, 26; first entered by the Federal army (for further—see Manassas and subsequent campaigns), 30; winter operations, difficulties of, 73; see also West Virginia.

Wadsworth, General, the death of at the Wilderness, 434.

Wallace, stand before Early on the Monocacy, 526.

Warren, General G. K., evidence on Big Bethel affair, 32; at Manassas No. 2, 190; report of Manassas battle No. 2, 189; evidence on disaster to Eleventh Corps at Chancellorsville, 286; at Cedar Run, 381; at battle of Bristoe, 383; at Mine Run, 393-396; capture of Weldon Railroad, 532; at movement on Southside Railroad, 541; report of operations at Hatcher's Run, 545; report of operations of March 30, 1865, 587; report on effort to gain the White Oak road, 589; bravery at battle of Five Forks, 599; relieved from command by Sheridan, 599.

Washington, the defensive lines of, 22 the strategic protection of, 23; defences, the system initiated, 30 system of defences formed, the theory of, 65; popular anger at Confederate blockade of the Potomac, 75; President Lincoln's order to retain sufficient force to secure, 89; Washington and Potomac line, dispositions to defend, 91; General Wadsworth placed in command of defences, 92; number and positions of covering force, 92; fears for safety of—foment by General Pope, 170; Early's opportunity of entering, 527; action before Fort Stevens, 527.

West Virginia, Confederate defence of by General Lee, 34; topography of McClellan's operations, 35; campaign closed by victory at Carrick's Ford, 39; see also Virginia

White House, General Franklin's dis embarkation and check by Johnston, 117; McClellan's base of supplies established at, 118; White House to the Chickahominy, Mc-Clellan's march, 119. [640]

Wilderness, the battle of the, 413; Lee's dispositions to attack, 418; Warren's battle with Ewell's forces, 421; Hill's attempt to seize the position at Brock road, 424; Hancock s attack on Hill at Orange plankroad, 425; Wadsworth sent to attack Hill's flank and rear, 426; close of the preliminary battle of Warren and Hill, 427; topography and character of the field, 428; Lee's demonstration on Union right, 430; Hancock drives Hill back, 431; Longstreet arrives and restores Hill's line, 431; Longstreet's attack on Hancock interrupted by his fall, 433; Hancock again assaulted by troops of Longstreet and Hill, 436; cavalry action, 437; the character and results of the battle considered, 438; the losses on each side, 439.

Williamsburg, the battle of, 113; Hancock's capture of unknown works on Confederate left and rear, 115; battle of, Hooker's losses, 118.

Williamsport, Lee's withdrawal into Virginia in front of Meade, 369.

Willoughby's Run, battle of, 330.

Winchester, Johnston's position and force, 45; battle of, between Banks and Jackson, 125; Jackson defeated by General Shields, 92; Ewell arrives before, 314; abandoned by Milroy after infamously feeble defence, 318; entered, 318; occupied by Hill, 319; battle of, 556; Sheridan's and Early's dispositions, 556; battle of—strength of the two armies, 558; Early retreats to Fisher's Hill (see also Sheridan), 558.

Winthrop, Major, killed at Bethel, 32.

Wistar's raid to Bottom's Bridge, 398.

Wright, General, at battle of Cedar Creek, 561; credit due to at battle of Cedar Creek, 563.

Yellow Tavern, Sheridan's victory at, 459.

York River Railroad, supply line abandoned by McClellan, 154.

York and Pamunky rivers, McClellan en route by, 120.

York River, Franklin's ascension of, in pursuit of Johnston, 117.

Yorktown, McClellan's advance arrived at, and Lee's Mills, 101; description and map of Confederate positions, 101; McClellan's plans—the navy and McDowell counted upon, but unavailable, 103; re-enforced and to be held by Confederates, 103; the siege of commenced, 106; Lee's Mill, unsuccessful attempt to break Confederate lines, 106; siege of, General Barry on-expected effects of artillery fire, 107; evacuated by the Confederates, 107; criticism upon McClellan's operations, 108; Magruder's small force, and McClellan's delay of assault, 109; arrival of part of McDowell's corps during siege, 109; McClellan, Heintzelman, and Barnard's opinion on immediate assault, 110; to the Chickahominy, 112.