Col. John M. Harrell, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 10.2, Arkansas
Clement Anselm Evans, Ed.

Chapter 11:

• Arkansas regiments
-- their organization and commanders -- a brief narrative of their service.

Company A, Hempstead county, Capt. Daniel W. Jones; Company B, Washington county, Capt. S. K. Bell; Company C, Crawford county, Capt. T. B. Brown; Company E, Sebastian county, Capt. John Griffith; Company F, Crawford county, Capt. James Stuart. Colonel Gratiot, a native of St. Louis, Mo., and a graduate of the military academy at West Point, served during the Mexican war as lieutenant of artillery, and then, resigning his commission and studying law, settled at the town of Washington, Hempstead county, in 1848, but did not enter actively in the practice of the profession His sister, wife of Bernard Hempstead, resided there. The family was of French extraction.

On the call for troops to resist invasion he offered his services, which were gladly accepted, and he was successively made captain and colonel of the first regiment organized for State service. How he commanded his regiment at Oak Hills, and what splendid service was rendered [285] by his men in that engagement, has already been related. His regiment went through the Kentucky and Georgia campaigns, and was more than decimated in the bloody battles east of the Mississippi river.

The Second Arkansas Mounted Riflemen was organized in the summer of 1861, with James McIntosh, colonel; Ben T. Embry, lieutenant-colonel;—Brown, major; W. D. DeBerry, surgeon; W. A. C. Sayle, assistant surgeon. Colonel McIntosh was educated at the United States military academy. He was impetuous to a degree that scorned all caution. Being ordered by General McCulloch into the Indian Territory against the Creek chief, Hopoeithleyohola, he dispersed the Indian Federal organization. It is said his regiment was deployed in groups of two for five miles, when he at its head began the attack upon the Indian camp. He was speedily promoted to brigadier-general, and Embry became colonel. The captains were Gibson, Parker, King, Arrington, Harris Flanagin, Witherspoon, Brown and Gamble. General McIntosh was killed at the battle of Elkhorn Tavern, or Pea Ridge. The regiment was ordered to Mississippi and was reorganized at Corinth, when Capt. Harris Flanagin was elected colonel; Maj. J. A. Williamson, lieutenant-colonel; Capt. James P. Eagle, major. Colonel Flanagin being elected governor of the State, Williamson became colonel and Eagle, lieutenant-colonel. Colonel Williamson lost a leg at the battle of Resaca, May, 1864, and J. T. Smith, appointed colonel, was killed in battle July 28th, James P. Eagle then succeeding him as colonel of the regiment. Ten years afterward, Colonel Eagle was speaker of the house of representatives, and after another decade was elected governor of Arkansas, as which he served two terms. Captain Witherspoon became attorney-general. The regiment took part in the battles of Oak Hills and Elkhorn, and in the Kentucky campaign under E. Kirby Smith. Among its battles were Richmond, Ky., Murfreesboro, Jackson, Miss., Chickamauga, [286] Resaca, Atlanta, Ezra Church, Lovejoy's Station, Jonesboro, Moore's Station, Franklin, Tenn., Nashville, Sugar Creek, and Bentonville, N. C. It surrendered with Johnston, April 26, 1865, at Greensboro, N. C.

The Third Arkansas State regiment, cavalry, which served in the brigade of Gen. N. B. Pearce at Oak Hills, was commanded by Col. De Rosey Carroll, a planter advanced in years, and an ardent Southerner. He came to the State from near Huntsville, Ala, and was originally from Maryland. Company A was commanded by Captain Carroll; B, by Captain Lews; C, by Captain Armstrong; D, by Captain Perkins; F, by Captain McKissick; G, by Captain Walker; H, by Captain Parks; I, by Captain Withers. Upon orders of the military board transferring the State troops to the Confederate service, it was mustered out September 19, 1861, its members entering new organization

The Fifth regiment, State troops, forming part of the brigade of Gen. N. B. Pearce, was commanded by Col. Tom P. Dockery, of Lamartine, Magnolia county. Its captains were Whallings, Dismukes, Lawrence, Dowd and Titsworth. Being disbanded September, 1861, its members entered other organizations, most of them into Colonel Dawson's regiment.

Walker's State regiment, under Gen, N. B. Pearce, was organized by Judge David Walker, known as ‘Little Dave’ to distinguish him from his uncle, Judge David Walker, who was twice associate justice of the Supreme court and president of the Secession convention, and resided also at Fayetteville. ‘Little Dave’ Walker was judge of the Fayetteville circuit at the time of his election as colonel of the Fourth Arkansas State infantry. The regiment was mustered out in 1861. Its colonel did not again enter the service, and after the reconstruction he was elected United States senator.

McRae's battalion, first organized with eight companies, and increased to a regiment, was commanded by [287] Col. Dandridge McRae, of Searcy; Lieut.-Col. J. M. Hobbs, of Benton county; Maj. L. L. Thompson; James Hobbs was quartermaster; Dr. Bourland, of Van Buren, surgeon. The captains were Morris Hobbs; J. B. Cooper, of Benton county; S. B. Buchanan, of Washington county; Caleb Davis, of Pope county; Hallowell, of Yell county; Knott, of Franklin county, and Douglas, of Benton county. The battalion fought at Oak Hills and Elkhorn; was transferred to the east of the Mississippi, and participated in the battles of Farmington, Iuka, Corinth, Baker's Creek, and in the siege of Vicksburg. Exchanged at Vicksburg, it was reorganized west of the Mississippi, and with Gause's, Glenn's, Hart's and Morgan's regiments, formed a brigade commanded by McRae, promoted to brigadier-general. Lieutenant-Colonel Hobbs, who had served several sessions as clerk of the house of representatives of Arkansas, became colonel.

The Fourth Arkansas infantry was organized at Miller's Springs, Lawrence county, Mo., August 17, 1861, by the election of Col. Evander McNair, of Hempstead county; Lieut.-Col. A. Bryce Williams, of Hempstead county; Maj. J. H. Clay, of Montgomery county. The regiment was reorganized at Corinth, Miss., May 8, 1862. The companies were commanded as follows: Company A, of Calhoun county, Capt. Joseph B. McCulloch, succeeded by First Lieut. George Eberhart, Second Lieut. Wiley C. Brown, Third Lieut. H. G. Bunn (who afterward became major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel of the regiment). Company B, of Hempstead county, Capt. Rufus K. Garland, elected to the Confederate Congress and succeeded by First Lieut. Henry J. Bonner, Second Lieut. J. W. Paup, Third Lieut. John L. Loudermilk; Henry J. Bonner, made captain at the reorganization. Company C, of Montgomery county, Capt. F. J. Erwin, First Lieut. Nathaniel Grant, Second Lieut. J. Scott, Third Lieut. J. Bates. Company D, of LaFayette county, Capt. Joseph C. Tyson, First Lieut. Charles A. Jenkins, Second Lieut. [288] James M. Meyers, Third Lieut. Chesley G. Williams; on reorganization Samuel W. Mays was made captain. Company E, of Hempstead county, Capt. John A. Rowles, First Lieut. Samuel Ogden, Second Lieut. Augustus Kyle, Third Lieut. Ellis G. Winstead; on reorganization Augustus Kyle was made captain. Company F, of Montgomery, Capt. J. M. Simpson, First Lieut. J. W. Lavender, Second Lieut. Arthur Mayberry, Third Lieut. P. D. Davis; Captain Simpson was mortally wounded in the battle of Elkhorn, and First Lieut. J. W. Lavender became captain. Company G, of Pike county, Capt. James F. Black, First Lieut. William B. Gould, Second Lieut. John N. McCollum, Third Lieut. H. Clay Polk; on reorganization W. B. Gould became captain. Company H, of Polk county, Capt. William H. Earp, First Lieut. James M. Helton, Second Lieut. F. M. Bolin, Third Lieut. Josiah Earp. Company I, of Polk county, Capt. Joseph B. Williamson, First Lieut. Caleb Cox, Second Lieut George W. Mason, Third Lieut George W. Walker; on reorganization J. W. Blackburn, of Benton county, became captain. Company K, of Calhoun county, Capt. O. H. Black, First Lieut. Joseph Wilmon, Second Lieut. A. W. Land, Third Lieut. Peter Johnson; on reorganization Thomas A. Smith became captain.

The regiment participated in the battles of Elkhorn, Richmond, Ky., Murfreesboro, Jackson, Miss., Chickamauga, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Dug Gap, Peachtree Creek, Atlanta, Ezra Church, Lovejoy's Station, Jonesboro, Franklin, Nashville, Sugar Creek, and Bentonville, the last prominent battle of the war. This regiment early won distinction in the command of the gallant Ben McCulloch. Its colonel, Evander McNair, was promoted to brigadier-general and earned enviable fame early in the war.

The Fourth Arkansas battalion was organized under orders of the military board, given to Francis A. Terry, of Little Rock, formerly of North Carolina, a planter and [289] member of the State senate. He established a camp at Little Rock, and had only partially formed his regiment, when a battalion of it was hurried to Columbus, Ky., just after Grant's demonstration at Belmont. It was reorganized at Corinth after the battle of Shiloh. Upon its first organization its officers were, Lieut.-Col. Francis A. Terry, Maj. Tom McKay; Company A, Capt. William F. Hoadley, of Little Rock, First Lieut. W. P. Parks, Second Lieut. W. C. Osborne, Third Lieut. John B. Baggett; Company B, Capt. T. F. Murff, of Pulaski county; Company C, Capt J. W. Hanson, of Clark county, First Lieut. J. A. Ross, Second Lieutenant Detwiler; Company D, Capt. Thomas Payne, of Prairie county, First Lieut. Tarver Toone; Company E, Capt. John Moore, First Lieutenant Blassingame, Second Lieutenant Bushnell. Captain Hoadley's company was given charge of a heavy gun battery at Columbus, and thenceforward was detached and employed in the heavy artillery. It was at Island No.10 during the terrific bombardment of that place, from which, after spiking their guns, upon the withdrawal of their infantry supports, Captain Hoadley and Lieutenant Baggett escaped to Memphis, but Lieutenant Osborne and his men were captured. Lieutenant Osborne died in prison at Alton, 111. The company was consolidated with the Tenth Tennessee, and placed in charge of the water batteries at Vicksburg, where Captain Hoadley, while serving his guns, was instantly killed by a shell from the Federal batteries. The company was included in the capitulation of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863. The rest of the battalion was stationed at Tiptonville, and escaped at the fall of Island No.10., by wading through the overflow to the transport Jeff Davis, on which they floated in the dark down to Fort Pillow, Tenn. At Corinth the battalion was reorganized under Maj. T. F. Murff, captain Company A, D. C. Adams, first lieutenant; Company C, J. A. St. Cloud, captain, and Ross, lieutenant; Company D, Tarver Toone, captain; E. B. Whitely, first lieutenant; [290] George T. Williams, second lieutenant; John Moore, third lieutenant; Company E, John Moore, cap. tain; Blassingame, first lieutenant; Boushall, second lieutenant. Company B, which had been changed to Company A, was with Captain Hoadley until his death. It surrendered at Vicksburg. The battalion was in battle at Farmington, Richmond, Ky., and Murfreesboro, Tenn., and was then consolidated with the Fourth regiment, Col. H. G. Bunn.

The Fifth Arkansas infantry was organized at Gainesville, Ark., in July, 186, electing as its officers Col. D. C. Cross, Lieut.-Col. S. L. Sweeney; Maj. R. Pope. The staff was Adjt. Joe Dunlap, Quartermaster E. Mallory, Commissary B. Crump. The regiment was transferred to the regular Confederate army in September. Its captains were: Company A, Will H. Trader; Company B,. L. R. Frisk; Company C, Bohannan; Company D, Peter Green; Company E, White; Company F, Grant Smith; Company G, R. S. Gantt; Company H, J. S. Kuykendall; Company I, Robert Jingles; Company K, L. P. Featherston. The regiment was transferred to Columbus, thence to Bowling Green, and was in the battle of Perryville under Gen. T. C. Hindman, commanding the First brigade. While in Kentucky, John Edward Murray was made lieutenant-colonel, upon the resignation of Lieutenant-Colonel Sweeney. When Corinth was evacuated on the approach of Halleck and Grant in May, 1862, the regiment fell back with the Confederate army to Tupelo. Here it was reorganized, and Capt. L. P. Featherston was elected colonel, J. E. Murray, lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. Peter Green, major; J. J. Winston was appointed adjutant Murray, who was made colonel after the death of Colonel Featherston, was killed on the road between Atlanta and Decatur while commanding the Fifth Arkansas, having received that day his commission as brigadier-general [291] ‘for gallantry on the field of battle.’ He was a resident of Pine Bluff, where his father was presiding judge of the Jefferson circuit court.

The First Arkansas Confederate was organized in May, 1861, at Little Rock, immediately after the taking of the arsenal. Before the creation of the military board, Thompson B. Flournoy had been authorized by President Jefferson Davis to organize a regiment for the Confederate service. The first companies which arrived in Little Rock sought admission into this regiment, and were recognized by Colonel Flournoy, a patriotic planter of Laconia, on the Mississippi river, and supporter of the presidential ticket of Douglas and Johnson. He had certain other gentlemen associated with him in the commission, which gave dissatisfaction, and upon the actual organization of the regiment Colonel Flournoy was defeated for the colonelcy, and Capt. James F. Fagan, of Saline county, was elected; Capt. James C. Monroe, of Clark county, was elected lieutenant-colonel, and John Baker Thompson, major. Prof. Frank Bronaugh, of the military department of St. John's college, Little Rock, was chosen adjutant. Colonel Flournoy and the others acquiesced with good grace in this result, and were chosen to positions in other commands. Colonel Flournoy was afterward promoted to brigadier-general in the Confederate service. Company organization: Company A, Union county, Capt. Asa Morgan; Com-B, Clark county, Capt. Charles Stark, of Arkadelphia; Company C, Ouachita county, Captain Crenshaw, of Camden; Company D, Jefferson county, Capt. Donelson McGregor, of Pine Bluff; Company E, Saline county, Capt. William A. Crawford, of Benton; Company F, Pulaski county, Capt. William F. Martin, of Little Rock; Company G, Jackson county, Capt. A. C. Pickett, of Augusta; Company H, Arkansas county, Capt. Robert H. Crockett, of DeWitt; Company I, Drew county, Capt James Jackson, of Monticello; Company K, Arkansas [292] county, Captain Quertermous, of DeWitt. The regiment was immediately ordered to Richmond, and on the road attracted much attention, being known to have among its captains a grandson of the immortal Davy Crockett, and Capt. Donelson McGregor, who was reared near the Hermitage, and was grand-nephew of the beloved wife of Old Hickory. The regiment was stationed at Aquia creek, near Fredericksburg, in the brigade of Gen. T. H. Holmes, and was led by him into the battle of First Manassas, in which it participated late in the day, supporting Capt. Lindsay Walker's battery of artillery. It was then stationed at Evansport, where the men of the regiment, under Capt. Will H. Martin, made a daring but unsuccessful attempt to capture the Federal gunboat Pocahontas, on the Potomac. The regiment was ordered thence to Corinth, and took part in the bloody battle of Shiloh. J. M. Harrell, of Little Rock, who was then holding the State office of solicitor-general, was a volunteer aide-de-camp on General Holmes' staff at First Manassas.

The Second Arkansas infantry (Confederate) was organized through the energy of Hon. Thomas C. Hindman, of Helena, Ark., who was representative in Congress in 1861, for the Second district of Arkansas. He resigned his seat upon the secession of the State, and returning home began recruiting volunteers for the Confederate States army; soon forming a full regiment of which he was elected colonel; J. W. Bocage, lieutenant-colonel; J. W. Scaife, major. Charles E. Patterson was appointed adjutant; Dr. Ralph Horner, surgeon, and Rev. Samuel Cowley, chaplain. The captains were: Company A, C. A. Bridewell; Company B, Thomas Quinlin; Company C, E. Warfield; Company D, E. G. Brashear; Company E, Anderson; Company F, D. C. Govan; Company G, B. B. Taliaferro; Company H, R. F. Harvey; Company I, C. D. Ross. Hindman was disappointed in getting arms for his company at first and asked for orders [293] to march, which were not issued as promptly as he desired. He believed that through political influence at Richmond he was being slighted. He adopted heroic measures; seized steamers laden with heavy cargoes of sugar going up the river to Cincinnati and Pittsburg, and confiscating the freight found on them purchased such arms as he could and embarked his command for Memphis. While thus delayed, other organizations joined him —Lieut.-Col. John S. Marmaduke's battalion of eight companies, which he afterward denominated the Third Confederate infantry, three companies of cavalry under Maj. C. W. Phifer, and Captain Swett's Mississippi battery of four guns. The combined force, temporarily known as Hindman's legion, was first sent to Randolph, Tenn., then to the defense of Columbus, Ky., when it was bombarded by the Western flotilla under Foote, in cooperation with Federal General Grant. Hindman's regiment did effective service at Richmond and Perryville, Ky., and in Hindman's division was in that part of Sidney Johnston's line which swept through Sherman's camps at Shiloh. Hindman, who had been promoted to brigadier-general, had his horse killed under him, and after the battle was promoted to major-general and given permanent command of the division. His old regiment was in the battles of Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold Gap, Dalton, Resaca, Peachtree Creek, Atlanta, Franklin and Nashville, and finally at Bentonville, N. C. Major-General Hindman himself, after serving in several battles in the Georgia campaign, was struck, in riding, by the branch of a tree across his eyes, which became inflamed and rendered him unfit for duty. He was granted a furlough, and finally settled in Mexico and engaged in coffee culture. But one day his magnificent plantation was overrun by revolutionists, who made his hacienda their battlefield, and he returned to Arkansas to engage in the practice of his profession. He was an expert in political tactics, and was active as a Democratic manager in his [294] county. One night, seated by his fire smoking, he was assassinated by some person or persons who stood outside with a shotgun, and, firing through the glass of the window, inflicted a fatal wound in his neck. He was composed and courageous to the end, talking to his friends who had rushed in, and to his family in regard to the education of his children and disposition of his effects. His murderers could never be detected.

The Second Arkansas cavalry (Confederate) was formed out of Phifer's battalion and other Arkansas companies, notably the company of Captain Ragland, of Drew county, of which William F. Slemons was first lieutenant, and companies commanded by Capt. H. R. Withers, and others under T. J. Reid, of Dallas county, who held the rank of major. This command went under Hindman to Columbus, Ky., thence to Bowling Green, and performed post duty along the Green river, under the immediate command of Hindman. It covered, with other cavalry commands, the retreat of Gen. Sidney Johnston to Nashville and into Mississippi. It was at the battle of Shiloh, and helped to cover the withdrawal of Beauregard to Corinth. At Corinth, May, 1862, it was consolidated with Phifer's battalion and organized as the Second Arkansas cavalry, Col. William F. Slemons, Lieut.-Col. H. R. Withers, Maj. Thomas J. Reid, Adjt. Thomas Garrison, Quartermaster W. Leeper, Commissary Wat Strong. Its line officers were: Company A, Capt. A. H. Christian; Company B, Capt. Joseph Earle, afterward H. S. Hudspeth; Company C, Capt. Thomas Cochran; Company D, Capt. James Portis, afterward Capt. Watt Green; Company E, Capt. J. S. Somerville, afterward William Cooper; Company F, Capt. O. B. Tebbs; Company G, Capt. E. L. Murtree, afterward C. Stell; Company H, Capt. Phil Echols, later Capt. James Oliver; Company I, Capt. M. L. Hawkins. On the retreat of Generals Bragg and Beauregard from Corinth to Tupelo, Miss., the Second Arkansas again formed part of the rear guard of the army, under [295] Gen. John C. Breckinridge. July 3, 1862, it was ordered with Clayton's Second Alabama under Gen. James R. Chalmers against the Federals at Booneville, Miss., who were completely routed. Together with the Second Missouri cavalry, it was ordered, under Gen. Frank C. Armstrong, to Tennessee, where it met at Middleburg, Tenn., the Federals under Colonel Leggett, and defeated the enemy, killing and wounding large numbers of them. About the last of July the Second Arkansas, under Colonel Slemons, the Second Missouri, under Cot Robert McCulloch, and the Fourth Mississippi, under Wirt Adams, engaged the escort of Federal cavalry and artillery guarding a train of supplies at Britton's lane, Tenn., and after a stubborn conflict of three hours captured the train and 300 prisoners and two pieces of artillery. The Second Arkansas lost 70 men killed and wounded in this engagement. In the campaigns of Price and Pemberton in Mississippi, it was in continuous active service. Under General Chalmers, in 1863, it participated in the battles of Iuka, Coldwater, Colliersville and Salem. Under Gen. N. B. Forest, 1864, it participated in the masterly movements of that greatest of cavalry commanders, encircling armies, taking cities, capturing trains and burning bridges. It was then transferred to the Trans-Mississippi department. There it served with Cabell's, Gano's and Dockery's brigades, in the battles of Poison Spring, Marks' Mills and Jenkins' Ferry. It was with Price's army on the raid to the Missouri river, in the autumn of 1864, and engaged in the battles of Pilot Knob, Independence, West Point, and Marais des Cygnes, Kan. In the latter fight, Colonel Slemons' horse was killed and he fell with him, the saddle catching his leg under him so that he could not disengage himself. A number of officers of the brigade, 100 of his men and two pieces of artillery were captured with him. They were sent as prisoners of war first to Johnson's island, then to Rock Island, where they were detained until the end of hostilities. Colonel Slemons [296] was elected a representative to the Fifty-second and Fifty-third congresses from his district after the people overthrew the carpet-bag government. He lent substantial assistance in bringing about that happy result.

The Third Arkansas regiment of infantry was organized at Lynchburg, Va., in June, 1861. When Dr. W. H. Tebbs and Van H. Manning, a lawyer at Hamburg, Ashley county, early in 1861 organized two companies and marched them to Vicksburg, and from there tendered their services to the Confederate States at Montgomery, Ala., the secretary of war refused to accept them. Their officers then went to Montgomery, and by persistent entreaty succeeded at length in securing their admission into the army ‘for the war.’ Captain Manning was an impetuous Southerner, as was Dr. Tebbs, and they had no idea of being refused, but insisted until they obtained marching orders for their little battalion. Manning knew Hon. Albert Rust, then a member of Congress from his district, obtained the assistance of his influence, and as Rust decided to enter the service, Manning urged him to return to his home at Champagnolle, raise eight more companies and follow on to some rendezvous, where they together could organize a regiment for the service ‘during the war.’ Rust did so and joined Manning at Lynchburg, where the regiment was organized, really the ‘First’ regiment from Arkansas, as regular troops of the Confederacy, enlisted for the war. Upon the organization the officers chosen were, Col. Albert Rust, Lieut.-Col. Seth M. Barton, Maj. Van H. Manning, Adjt. Henry A. Butler, Surgeon Joseph Brown, of Union county. Company A, Capt. W. H. Tebbs, of Ashley county; Company B, Captain Capers, of Ashley county; Company C, Capt. T. M. Whittington, of Drew county; Company D, Captain Douglas, of Desha county; Company E, Capt. R. S. Taylor, of Desha county; Company F, Captain Thrasher, of Hot Spring county; Company G, Captain Ruddy, of Union county; Company H, Captain [297] Reed, of Desha county; Company I, Capt. J. H. Alexander, of Dallas county; Company K, Capt. Wilson Wilkins, of Ashley county. Colonels Rust and Barton being promoted to brigadier-generals, Major Manning became colonel, Capt. R S. Taylor became lieutenantcol-onel, and Capt. W. Wilkins major, subsequently succeeded by Major Smith. The regiment was ordered to the mountains of West Virginia, where it performed arduous and discouraging service in the campaign on the Gauley and Cheat rivers. It was followed by hard marching under Stonewall Jackson, whom Colonel Rust described as an impracticable old schoolmaster, who said grace before he ate and prayed before going to bed. The regiment was engaged in the battles of Greenbrier and Allegheny. Under Stonewall Jackson at Winchester, in January, 1862, it marched to Bath and Romney, returned to Winchester, and was ordered thence to Fredericksburg, and assigned to the brigade of Gen. T. H. Holmes. It was engaged in the battle of White Oak Swamp, June 3, 1862; in J. G. Walker's brigade, July 1, 1862, participated in the battle of Malvern Hill, and was at Sharpsburg September 17, 1862, where Colonel Manning was seriously wounded. At Fredericksburg it was assigned to Hood's Texas brigade, commanded by General Robertson, and was recruited by consolidating with it Bronaugh's battalion of five Arkansas companies. It was not engaged at the battle of Chancellorsville, as it was with Longstreet at that time at Suffolk. It participated in the battle of Gettysburg, in Longstreet's corps, and fought at Chickamauga, September 19 and 20, 1863, where the gallant Major Reedy was mortally wounded. From there it went with Longstreet to Knoxville, and under General Gregg, of Texas, was in the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864; marching at double-quick several miles that morning to save the Confederate line. In the engagement that day, its colonel, Manning, was shot through the thigh, and being captured was detained a prisoner of war until three months [298] after the surrender of Lee. Judge Joe Alexander, as a private, lost an arm in that battle. The regiment, which was one of the largest in the army by the accession of Bronaugh's battalion, having on its roster about 1,500 men, was in the bloody battle of Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864, where Texas and Arkansas soldiers exemplified a valor which was never surpassed. It was at Deep Run, August 6, 1864; at Petersburg during the siege by Grant; at High Bridge and Farmville in 1865; was in the retreat with Lee, and surrendered at Appomattox, where it stacked only 300 guns out of the 1,500 it carried ten months before. One of its noted achievements was the repulse of a Maine regiment at Spottsylvania, after the latter had repulsed the Fourth and Fifth Texas, which were smaller regiments. Colonel Manning, after being discharged from prison, settled in Mississippi, married, and upon the overthrow of the carpet-bag government in that State was elected representative in Congress.

The Sixth Arkansas infantry regiment was organized at Little Rock in June, 1861, by the election of Capt. Richard Lyon, of Company H, colonel; A. T. Hawthorn, lieutenant-colonel; D. L. Kilgore, captain Company G, major. C. A. Bridewell was appointed adjutant and John F. Ritchie, quartermaster. Company A, of Little Rock, Capt. G. N. Peay, First Lieut. J. E. Reardon, Second Lieut. D. C. Fulton, Third Lieut. J. B. Lockman. Company B, Calhoun county, Capt. P. H. Echols, First Lieut. C. A. Bridewell, Second Lieut. H. Hogan. (This company refused to enter the Confederate service, but Lieutenant Bridewell, being adjutant, continued with the regiment.) Company C, Dallas Rifles, Capt. F. J. Cameron (promoted colonel), First Lieut. Mathew M. Duffie (promoted captain and major), Second Lieut. Nick Ketchum, Third Lieut. Robert A. Lea. Company D, Ouachita county, Capt. J. W. Kingswell, First Lieut. J. H. Scroggins, Second Lieut. E. N. Hill, Third Lieut. J. H. Croxton. Company E, Arkansas county, Capt. [299] Sam G. Smith (promoted colonel), First Lieut. William F. Douglas, Second Lieut. J. T. Armstrong, Third Lieut. Charles Notrebe. Company F, LaFayette county, Capt. Sam H. Dill, First Lieut. E. B. Rutherford, Second Lieut Thomas Brown, Third Lieut. R. A. Strickland. Company G, Magnolia county, Capt. J. W. Austin, First Lieut. Nick J. Gantt, Second Lieut. Thomas Seay, Third Lieut. Sam E. Miller. Company H, Camden, Capt. S. H. Southerland, First Lieut. E. W. Elliott, Second Lieut. A. J. Griggs. Company I, Union county, Capt. Sam Turner, First Lieut. E. H. Parks, Second Lieut. Joseph Goodwin, Third Lieut. Thomas Lockett. Company K, Ouachita county, Capt. Hope T. Hodnett, First Lieut. James Barnes, Second Lieut. Joseph W. Martin. After the reorganization the regiment was marched to Pocahontas. Measles broke out in camp, of which a great many died. In September, 1861, the regiment was transferred to Confederate service in the brigade commanded by Brig.-Gen. William J. Hardee. After a raid into Missouri it returned and camped a short time at Pitman's Ferry, on Current river. The latter part of September, 1861, the brigade was moved to southeast Missouri; thence by boat to Columbus, Ky., arriving about October 3d. From there it was sent to Cave City, Barren county, Ky., where it spent the winter of 1861. While camped there the Sixth Arkansas regiment smelled its first powder, and that deep affection for Terry's Texas Rangers and Swett's Mississippi battery was formed, which lasts until now. Colonel Lyon was killed October 10, 1861, by his horse falling over a precipice with him, while superintending the crossing of his regiment over the Tennessee river. Lieut.-Col. A. T. Hawthorn became colonel, Capt. Gordon N. Peay, of Company A, lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. E. J. Cameron, major. While camped at Cave City the Sixth Arkansas regiment supported the Eighth Texas cavalry (Terry's Rangers) and Swett's Mississippi battery on December 17th at Woodsonville, Ky., when Colonel [300] Terry was killed. It occupied this advanced position until the fall of Fort Donelson, when it returned with the balance of the army under Gen. A. S. Johnston to Corinth, Miss. Brig.-Gen. W. J. Hardee having been promoted to major-general, Col; T. C. Hindman, of the Second Arkansas, was promoted to brigadier-general, and held command until he was made major-general, when Col. R. G. Shaver was placed in command of the brigade and led it gallantly at the bloody battle of Shiloh, General Hindman commanding the division. When Corinth was evacuated, the brigade retreated to Tupelo, Miss., where it remained until the latter part of July, 1862. Then the regiment was sent to Chattanooga with General Bragg, and from there on the Kentucky campaign. It was present when 4,500 Federals surrendered at Munfordville, Ky., and was in line at Perryville, where Adjt. Sampson Harris, of Company A, was mortally wounded. Sergt. W. W. Carter, of Company A, was promoted to lieutenant and succeeded Lieutenant Harris as adjutant. Before the regiment left Corinth, Miss., about 200 of the Twelfth Arkansas regiment were organized into two companies and placed in the Sixth. In December, at Shelbyville, they were sent back to their own regiment, which had been exchanged. This reduced the Sixth considerably, and it was consolidated with the Seventh Arkansas infantry, about December 15, 1862. The regiment was engaged in the battle of Murfreesboro, December 31, 1862, and January 1 and 2, 1863; and in the spring advanced to Bellbuckle, where it remained until June 24, 1863, when it was hastily ordered to the front to Liberty Gap, where it found the Fifth Arkansas struggling with a large force. It retreated from middle Tennessee to south of Tennessee river, went into camp at Chickamauga station, a few miles from Chattanooga, and remained there until about the 1st of September, when Bragg began maneuvering for the battle of Chickamauga. The regiment was engaged, actually, or in line of battle, all through the Georgia campaign, [301] and was at Franklin and Nashville, Tenn. From there to the surrender at Greensboro, N. C., April 26, 1865, this brigade was one regiment.

The Seventh Arkansas regiment, which at the battle of Shiloh was styled by its corps commander, General Hardee, ‘The Bloody Seventh,’ was organized in Smithville, Lawrence county, June 16, 1861, and went into camp, called in honor of its commander, Camp Shaver, near Pocahontas in Randolph county, with 1,200 men and over. Gen. W. J. Hardee made it the nucleus of his brigade after it was transferred to the Confederate service, consisting of the Third Confederate, and the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Arkansas regiments, McCarver's regiment and McCann's battery of artillery. The regimental and company commanders at the organization were, Col. Robert Shaver, Lieut.-Col. William R. Cain, Maj. James T. Martin. John M. Dean was appointed adjutant, H. C. Tunsell, quartermaster, Commissary John S. Shaver, Dr. Bohannon, surgeon, Dr. Hoadley, assistant surgeon. The company officers at the time of the organization were: Company A, Capt. John C. McCauley, of White county; Company B, Capt. George B. Orme, of Jackson county; Company C, Capt. James T. Martin, of Randolph county (he became major of the regiment, and his brother, J. H. Martin, captain); Company D, Captain Deason, of Izard county; Company E, Capt. M. Van Shaver, of Fulton county; Company F, Capt. (Rev.) John H. Dye, of White county; Company G, Capt. C. C. Straughan of Lawrence county; Company H, Capt. James F. Archer, of Marion county; Company I, Captain Mellon, of Randolph county. Company K, Captain Brightwell, of Independence county. At Camp Shaver, Lieutenant-Colonel Cain resigned because of failing health, and John M. Dean was made lieutenant-colonel, and Jack Home, adjutant. Commissary Shaver resigned and John D. Sprigg succeeded him. The regiment remained in the State service about six [302] weeks, when General Hardee was ordered to make transfer of the State organizations to the Confederate States. In making these transfers nearly all the regiments lost one or more companies. The Seventh transferred with the loss of 17 men only, who refused to enlist as ‘Confederate troops.’ Capts. C. C. Straughan, of Company G, and James F. Archer, of Company H, retired, and Captain Warner succeeded the former, Captain Blackburn the latter, in command of these companies, respectively. The regiment was ordered to Pitman's Ferry, where it was drilled and disciplined by General Hardee in person until, about the last of August, General Hardee marched it by land to Point Pleasant, Mo., on the Missouri river, and thence transported it by boat to Columbus, Ky. From Columbus it was ordered to Bowling Green, Ky., in October, where it was assigned to the division commanded by Gen. S. B. Buckner. Under General Hardee, as division commander, it was part of the Third Arkansas brigade, made up of the Seventh (Shaver's), Eighth (Kelly's), a battalion of the Ninth Arkansas (Bradley's), and the Nineteenth Tennessee (Allison's), commanded by Col. R. G. Shaver. The brigade remained at Bowling Green until February, 1862, when that place was evacuated, Shaver's brigade guarding the rear, being shelled by the artillery of Buell's advance while the last trains of stores were being loaded. On leaving, Colonel Shaver, by order of Colonel Hardee, burned the depot and took down the telegraph wires. It was during the worst month in that climate, with rain and snow and the thermometer at night below zero, when this retreat was made. The Seventh was caused to stand to arms all night by a report that a large force of Buell's army was on its heels, which turned out to be Helm's Kentucky cavalry coming in the rear by an unexpected order of march. General Johnston, at Nashville, dispatched General Shaver that the enemy's cavalry was advancing upon his rear. This was made known to Gen. Dan Wood, of Alabama, who had taken [303] command of the brigade on the retreat. General Wood refused to wait for the rear guard, and for this reason Colonel Shaver applied for and secured a transfer of the Seventh to Hindman's brigade. The regiment reached Nashville ten days after the fall of Fort Donelson, and went thence to Murfreesboro, where the remnants of Zollicoffer's command from Fishing creek had gone into camp. From Murfreesboro it went to Decatur and thence to Courtland, Ala., and went into camp at Corinth, Miss., to await the concentration there of an army to meet the Federal advance. It there rested from the exposure and fatigue of the retreat out of Kentucky. Then followed the battle of Shiloh, where General Shaver commanded the brigade under General Hindman. Colonel Shaver was born in Sullivan county, east Tennessee, and came to Arkansas in 1851, settling at Batesville and engaging in merchandise. He was educated at Emory and Henry college, Virginia, and had not received any military training. At the time the war began he was doing business about twenty miles east of Batesville, in what was then Lawrence, now Sharp county. He entered with enthusiasm into the raising of troops for the service. As the Confederate government was very slow about receiving volunteers for the service, Arkansans generally flocked to the State service. Col. Robert G. Shaver is now major-general of the State guard and reserve militia of Arkansas.

The Eighth Arkansas regiment was originally organized at Jacksonport, in the summer of 1861, under command of Col. William K. Patterson, Lieutenant-Colonel Crouch and Maj. John Price, with Surgeon L. H. Dickson, Asst. Surgeon Gee, Quartermaster Tom Watson. Colonel Patterson was a lawyer of ability of northeast Arkansas. The regiment was transferred to Mississippi in the concentration of troops there under Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, and marched in Shaver's brigade, under Cleburne as division commander, to meet the advance of [304] Grant at Shiloh. It took part in that engagement, under command of Colonel Patterson, and lost heavily both days. Lieut. Thomas Bateman was killed, and Lieutenants Perryman, Cates, Harris and Richardson were wounded. Major Kelly commanded four companies, A, B, C and D, 122 men, of whom 62 were killed or wounded. Major Kelly seemed to have a charmed life. Upon reorganization, John H. Kelly was elected colonel; Wilson, lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. G. F. Baucum, major. Lieutenant-Colonel Wilson resigned, and Anderson Watkins was elected major. Upon the promotion of Colonel Kelly to brigadier-general, Baucum became colonel, and Anderson Watkins, lieutenant-colonel. The regiment took part in the battle of Murfreesboro, as part of Liddell's brigade, and captured two stand of colors, which were taken by Private James Riddle, of Company C, and Corp. N. A. Horn, of Company E. Colonel Kelly was wounded the second day and borne off the field, when Lieut.-Col. G. F. Baucum commanded the regiment. Lieuts. T. H. Beard, S. B. Cole, Colvin Ead and H. J. McCurdy, of the Eighth, were killed. The regiment was in the battles of Chattanooga, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold Gap (consolidated with the Eighth and Nineteenth, under Lieutenant-Colonel Hawthorn), Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, Ezra Church and Atlanta or Decatur Road. The Eighth formed part of Cleburne's division, and participated in all the battles of that hard fighting officer, up to his death at Franklin, and surrendered with the army under Joseph E. Johnston at Greensboro, N. C., April 26, 1865.

The Ninth Arkansas regiment infantry was organized at Pine Bluff, July 20, 1861, by the election of Col. John M. Bradley, Lieut.-Col. W. Y. McCammon, Maj. W. H. Wallace, Sr. The adjutant was R. W. Millsaps. The company commanders were: Company A, of Jefferson county, Capt. James H. Hurley; Company B, of Union county, Capt. W. H. Wallace, Jr.; Company C, of Jefferson [305] county, Capt. James T. Armstrong (son of Gen. William Armstrong, of Nashville, Tenn.); Company D, of Drew county, Capt. W. C. Haislip; Company E, of Bradley county, Capt. Isaac Dunlop; Company F, of Drew county, Capt. W. H. Isom; Company G, of Bradley county, Capt. J. W. Blankinship; Company H, of Jefferson county, Capt. Philip Henry; Company I, of Jefferson county, Capt. George W. Bayne; Company K, of Ashley county, Capt. John F. Carr. It has been said that there were forty. odd preachers, of all Protestant denominations, in the regiment. The colonel was a preacher, as was also the major, and many of the company officers were preachers. Notwithstanding it contained so many men of the cloth, it was a fighting regiment, and some of its officers, notably its last lieutenant-colonel (Dunlop), were as intrepid and gallant as any knight of chivalry. The regiment was at the battle of Belmont, Mo., was retained at Bowling Green for the defense of that post in the winter of 1861-62, and was in Shaver's brigade, which covered the retreat out of Kentucky to Corinth. It fought gallantly at Shiloh, charging upon the ‘Hornets' Nest’ with the loss of Lieut.-Col. Isaac Dunlop, in Bowen's brigade. It was through this regiment Gen. Sidney Johnston rode from the rear to the front. The regiment went forward with a cheer and passed him in a run; in five minutes 130 men in their ranks were killed and wounded, but they did not falter. Lieutenant Duckworth was killed at the head of his company, and Captain Wallace was wounded. It closed up and disappeared in the thicket in front, followed by the whole line, and the enemy was silenced in twenty minutes. The regiment was twenty days behind the defenses at Jackson, Miss. It was ordered to the relief of Port Hudson, where it endured the siege of forty-eight days under General Beall. After it was exchanged, it was attached, March 25th, to Reynolds' brigade, and under him was engaged in the last battle of the war, in which their brigadier-general lost a leg. [306]

The Tenth Arkansas regiment was organized at Springfield, Conway county, July, 1861, by the appointment of Col. Thomas D. Merrick, a merchant of Little Rock, its commander; Lieut.-Col. S. S. Ford, Maj. Obed Patty. Adjt. Robert C. Bertrand acted as such until February, 1862, when George A. Merrick was made adjutant. The company officers were: Company A, Capt. A. R. Witt, of Van Buren county, First Lieut. W. W. Martin, Second Lieut. C. M. Cargile, Third Lieut. Israel Davis. Company B, Capt. James Venable, First Lieut. John K. Griffith, Second Lieut. Ben F. Jones, Third Lieut. John F. Kirk. Company C, Capt. L. B. Jennings, First Lieut. W. W. Bridges, Second Lieut. F. M. Jackson, Third Lieut. C. Watkins. Company D, Capt. John A. Pemberton, First Lieut. J. F. Foster, Second Lieut. W. C. Rainey, Third Lieut. W. P. Harris. Company E, Capt. E. L. Vaughan, First Lieut. J. N. Culpeper, Second Lieut. W. J. Hardin, Third Lieut. A. K. Livingston. Company F, Capt. R. S. Fears, First Lieut. James A. Henry, Second Lieut. Q. T. Stokely, Third Lieut. Terrell Bryant. Company G, Capt. John B. Miller, First Lieut. James E. Lockard, Second Lieut. Henry J. Gatton, Third Lieut. Edwin Ellis; George A. Merrick succeeded Captain Miller as captain. Company H, Capt. William Wilson, of Perry county, First Lieut. Robert F. James, Second Lieut. Jesse W. Holmes, Third Lieut. Morgan G. Smyers. Company I, Capt. J. W. Duncan, of Conway county, First Lieut. Z. A. P. Venable, Second Lieut. Jefferson Mallett, Third Lieut. E. H. Russell. Company K, Capt. W. S. Hanna, First Lieut. L. F. Ragsdale, Second Lieut. J. C. Barnes. The regiment was transferred to Union City, Tenn., where 150 men died from the effects of measles; thence to Columbus, Ky., and was in General Polk's reserve there when the battle of Belmont took place. Thence they were marched to Bowling Green, Ky., and formed, together with the Ninth Arkansas, Fifth Missouri and Tenth Mississippi regiments, the brigade [307] commanded by General Bowen, which was part of the rear guard in Bragg's retreat out to Cumberland gap. Assigned to Hardee's corps, the brigade marched to Corinth, Miss. Being changed to the reserve corps under General Breckinridge at Corinth, they moved with the army under Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston to the attack upon the Federal camp at Pittsburg landing, where the regiment was held in reserve until 11 o'clock a. m., April 6th. Then the regiment was ordered into action, together with the Ninth, and under the direction in person of General Johnston. Throwing aside coats and canteens and retaining only their guns and cartridge boxes, they charged a position from which two brigades of Louisiana troops had been driven back with severe loss. This was the position in front of Prentiss, where General Johnston was killed, at the instant of the charge. In their rush they drove the enemy from his position and aided in the capture of Prentiss' entire command, many of them being shot by retreating Federals, while the others were asking quarter, officers and men with white flags and handkerchiefs on ramrods in token of surrender. They did not get the warm breakfast others had in the Federal camp, and not returning where their coats were, lost them. But they exchanged their muskets for Enfield rifles taken from the enemy. The regiment lost 100 men, killed and wounded. Maj. Obed Patty was severely wounded and permanently disabled, but continued in the field and led the regiment in a charge upon a battery. He resigned, and was succeeded by Capt. Zeb Venable. Capt. William Wilson was shot through the face. Lieutenant Jones, of the same company, was maimed in the hand for life. The regiment was reorganized after the battle. Colonel Merrick, who was disabled by a broken thigh, resigned, and Capt. A. R. Witt was elected in his stead. The Tenth was brigaded with the Ninth and sent to the lower Mississippi under Gen. M. Jeff Thompson, ‘the swamp fox’ as he was called, and took position at Tangipahoa, [308] above New Orleans, and spent the following winter in that vicinity in protecting the Jackson & Great Northern railroad, until ordered to the defense of Port Hudson. It had just previously taken part in the battles of Baton Rouge and Ponchatoula against forces under General Banks from New Orleans. The Ninth assisted in defending Port Hudson against the Federal gunboats during a siege of several months, when, after the fall of Vicksburg, its garrison was compelled to surrender, July 9, 1863. It was not extended the terms granted to the garrison at Vicksburg, the men being paroled, but the officers sent as prisoners to Johnson's island. Gen. W. N. R. Beall, commander of the garrison, and his staff, were sent to prison. After it was exchanged, the Ninth subsequently engaged in the battles and skirmishes of Price's raid in Missouri, in October, 1864.

The Eleventh Arkansas infantry was organized in Saline county, July, 1861. Jabez M. Smith, of Benton, was elected colonel; Mark Miller, lieutenant-colonel; James T. Poe, major, and William R. Selridge, first lieutenant Company E, was chosen adjutant. The colonel, lieutenant-colonel and major-elect were captains, and the company officers after the election were: Company A, Capt. M. D. Vance, First Lieut. Jasper Shepherd. Company B, Capt. W. T. Douglas, First Lieut. Claiborne Watkins (brother to Anderson Watkins, killed at Atlanta), Second Lieut. M. E. Wills. Company C, Capt. James D. Burke, First Lieut. Alfonso Curl (vice J. B. Hall, deceased), Second Lieut. H. W. Boughton, Third Lieut. R M. Riddle. Company D, Capt. A. A. Crawford, First Lieut. James Cleft, Second Lieut. John Rye, Third Lieut. Elisha Ritter. Company E, Capt. J. E. Moss, First Lieut. W. R. Selridge, Second Lieut. P. S. Selridge, Third Lieut. F. J. Eddy. Company F, Captain Mooney, First Lieutenant Gregory, Second Lieutenant Grant, Third Lieut. L. H. Kemp. Company G, Capt. John L. Logan, First Lieutenant [309] Thomas, Second Lieut. Frank Scott. Company II, Captain Matthews, First Lieutenant Black. Company I, Capt. W. F. Morton. Company K, Capt. Anderson Cunningham, First Lieutenant Toomer.

The regiment was ordered to Fort Pillow, November, 1861, and was brigaded with the Twelfth, commanded by Col. E. W. Gantt; was stationed at Island No.10 on the Mississippi river, and transferred back and forth to New Madrid at the will of Gen. Gid. J. Pillow, who had very impracticable ideas of the war we had entered upon. Island No.10 was surrendered April 15, 1862, after a terrific bombardment by the enemy's mortar-boats and gunboats, aided by an overflow which nearly submerged the island. The Confederate defenses consisted of dissolving earthworks and twenty guns. Maj. W. J. Hoadley, of Little Rock, having served his guns with great bravery, spiked them and made his escape with one section of the battalion. The others were included in the cartel, and were transported to Camp Butler near Springfield, Ill., then to Camp Chase (Chicago), the officers to Johnson's island, Lake Erie. Lieutenant Gibson, of Company H, was shot dead on Johnson's island by a Federal sentinel because he crossed the ‘dead line.’ The two regiments were exchanged September, 1862. The year of the first enlistment expiring there was a reorganization, which resulted as follows: Col. John L. Logan, Lieut.-Col. M. D. Vance, Maj. James T. Poe, Adjt. Edward A. Warren, Quartermaster E. Whitfield, Commissary Clark, Surgeon James Whitfield. Company A, Capt. Jasper Shepherd; Company B, Capt. Claiborne Watkins; Company C, Capt. James D. Burke; Company D, Capt. A. A. Crawford; Company E, Capt. W. R. Selridge; Company F, Capt. L. H. Kemp; Company G, Capt. Frank Scott; Company H, Captain Matthews; Company I, Capt. W. F. Morton; Company K, Anderson Cunningham.

Col. Jabez M. Smith was as brave and pure as General Lee, but declined re-election. He returned to the [310] Trans-Mississippi, and was made adjutant of Harrell's battalion and adjutant-general of Crawford's brigade. He was judge of the Seventh circuit for two terms after the war. The regiment was ordered to the lower Mississippi. The Eleventh and the Seventeenth were mounted under command of Col. John Griffith of the Seventeenth, and dispatched to Clinton, Miss., to head off the raid of the Federal General Grierson, but failed to meet him. Then, under the command of Colonel Griffith, they operated outside the fortifications of Port Hudson during the siege of that place in March, 1863. This detachment operated against the army under General Banks in Louisiana, and took a number of prisoners, among them Gen. Neal Dow. Colonel Logan, of the Eleventh, was second in command of the detachment which captured General Dow. After the fall of Port Hudson the greater part of the regiment remained in Mississippi, where they fought in several small engagements against the Federals. A squad of the Seventeenth, under Maj. B. B. Chisom, captured a Federal gunboat on the Yazoo river. They had a sanguinary encounter with Federal cavalry at Keller's lane, June 23, 1863, in which Lieutenant DeVaughn was wounded and maimed for life. Their services were of inestimable value in protecting citizens from the devastation wrought wherever the enemy was left undisturbed to roam over the country beyond the fortified posts.

The Twelfth regiment was organized under a commission issued to Hon. Ed. W. Gantt by the secretary of war of the Confederate States. Gantt had been elected to Congress for the Second district of Arkansas, and in consequence of the rupture between the Southern States and the general government, declined to take his seat. He was successful in raising a regiment, which he led across the Mississippi river, and was at the fall of Fort Donelson, where he and his regiment were taken prisoners, February 16, 1862. While Colonel Gantt was detained a prisoner in Fort Warren, his regiment was exchanged [311] and reorganized at Jackson, Miss., by the election of Col. T. J. Reid, Lieut.-Col. Ed. C. Jordan, Maj. John S. Walker, Adjt. W. L. Hemingway, Quartermaster C. H. Jonas. The regiment as reorganized was insufficient in numbers to comply with regulations, and its officers were granted leave to return to Arkansas for recruits, while the men were temporarily consolidated with the Eleventh under Colonel Logan, When the officers returned to the regiment, the recruits added to the numbers until the regiment included about 500. The company officers in the new organization were: Company A, Capt. N. W. Stewart; Company B, Capt. W. P. Donnell; Company C, Capt. H. L. W. Johnson; Company D, Capt. W. P. Linzue; Company E, Capt W. F. Glasgow; Company F, Capt. J. C. Bowen; Company G, A. E. Doggett; Company H, J. E. Inge; Company I, J. Archer; Company K, J. B. Davis.

Colonel Gantt, being exchanged, was in command of an Arkansas brigade composed of his regiment and the Eleventh Arkansas, at the surrender of Island No.10 and New Madrid bend. Though the capitulation was inevitable there were severe criticisms of Colonel Gantt. He complained that a commission of brigadier-general, which had been issued to him, was withheld. Feeling aggrieved by this slight, which he regarded as unjust and instigated by personal hostility, he left the Southern army and espoused the cause of the North, going North and making speeches in favor of the Union. He continued to adhere to his new affiliation, and cooperated with the Republican party in the reconstruction of the State government after the war. The Twelfth held steadfastly to the cause of the South, though it contained relatives and friends of its old commander. Under Gen. W. N. R. Beall, who was an officer of the old army, a graduate of the West Point academy, they battled and endured for the cause of the South until the end. Lieutenant-Colonel Jordan was killed by a shell on the ramparts [312] of Port Hudson during the siege of that place. The Twelfth surrendered with the rest when that place capitulated, and many of them were again prisoners of war, July 9, 1863. Adjt. W. L. Hemingway and Capt. H. L. W. Johnson, besides many of its men, were killed in the siege. Major Walker became lieutenantcol-onel, Capt. T. C. Smith, major, and Lieut. John R. Thornton succeeded Adjutant Hemingway. . . . Upon the capitulation, the non-commissioned officers and men of the garrison were paroled, but the officers were sent as prisoners of war to Johnson's island, among them Adjt.-Gen. John R. Fellows, of Camden. Major Fellows was originally from New York, and subsequently became district attorney of the city of New York. He, with General Beall, sustained a long and painful imprisonment. Fellows resisted all importunities of relatives that he ‘take the oath.’

The Fifteenth Arkansas was given the number of Cleburne's old regiment. The latter was distinguished by the addition ‘Confederate.’ It was organized at Camden, Ark., in 1861, with the following officers: Col. James Gee, Lieut.-Col. John C. Wright, Maj. P. Lynch Lee, Benjamin W. Johnson, adjutant; Company A, Captain Proctor; Company B, Capt. H. Purefoy; Company C, Capt. John C. Wright (elected lieutenant-colonel in the reorganization; L. W. Matthews was elected captain of Company C); Company D, Capt. Frank Jordan; Company E, Captain Ferguson; Company F, Capt Alex. Byrne. Four of the companies were taken from the early regiment commanded by Col. Marsh Walker when he was promoted brigadier-general. Before its completion as a regiment, six companies were sent to the defense of Fort Henry on the Tennessee river, and thence were transferred to the garrison at Fort Donelson on the Cumberland, twelve or fifteen miles distant. At the assault by Grant and Foote with army and navy on Fort Donelson, they were distinguished for their valor. They manned [313] the heavy guns until they burst or were dismounted, and then led in a sortie in the snow and sleet against the Federal trenches which were in course of construction in their front. They took the first line of works, suffering great loss, at least one-fourth of the command. Capt. Frank Jordan was among the killed, and Adjt. Ben W. Johnson among the wounded. Men and officers were made prisoners by the ‘unconditional surrender.’ The men were sent to Camp Butler, the officers to Fort Warren. Lieut.-Col. John C. Wright made his escape, and returning to Arkansas, was elected colonel of cavalry in the service under General Hindman, who was organizing the Trans-Mississippi department, and commanded Crawford's brigade at Mark's Mills. The other officers were exchanged in 1862, and the regiment was reorganized at Jackson, Miss., 1862, under Col. Ben W. Johnson, Lieut.-Col. P. L. Lee, Maj. W. E. Steward, Adjt. J. E. Baker. . . . The captains on reorganization were: Company A, John Stevenson; Company B, Joseph Daniels; Company C, James Franklin; Company D, John Hubbard; Company E, Ed Wilson; Company F, William Walker; Company G, Albert Reed; Company H, Wilkerson; Company I, L. W. Matthews; Company K, McClung.

The regiment after reorganization was sent south to Louisiana to resist Banks, and fought in many minor engagements—Cross Landing, Greenfield, Plum's Store, and with the First Alabama and Thirteenth Mississippi, engaged at Keller's Lane a largely superior force of Federals, which they routed, taking many prisoners and valuable stores. The regiment was called into the fortifications of Port Hudson, when attacked by the army and navy of the United States. Captain Reed, of Company G, was killed May 29, 1863; Captain Hubbard, of Company D, was killed. Within a day or two, Captain Stevenson died from wounds received. Capt. E. Wilson died from concussion of the brain, caused by being struck with a shell. The regiment, though not serving in the [314] wider fields of conflict, contained the .finest fighting material, proved its patience, and suffered and was exposed as much as any in the service. It went into Port Hudson with 484 men, and came out with only 92.

The Sixteenth Arkansas regiment was organized in November, 1861, near the present town of Rogers, Benton county. Its organization was as follows: Col. John F. Hill, of Johnson county; Lieut.-Col. William T. Neal, of Washington; Major Farmer, of Johnson county; Adjt. Ben Pixlee, Quartermaster A. M. Ward. Company A, Capt. L. N. C. Swaggerty, of Johnson county; Company B, Captain Turner, of Johnson county; Company C, Capt. John Connolly, of Johnson county; Company D, Capt. W. W. Bailey, of Carroll county; Company E, Captain Garrett, of Carroll county; Company F, Captain Goodnight, of Stone county; Company G, Captain Carnahan, of Washington county; Company H, Captain Kelly, of Pike county; Company I, Capt. Daniel Boone, of Madison county; Company K, Capt. John Lawrence, of Searcy county.

The regiment went into camp at Elm Springs, Benton county, where it remained in winter quarters until February, 1862, when General Price and his army of Missouri fell back before a large force of Federals under General Curtis, and made a stand at Elkhorn tavern in Benton county. On the 4th of March, the regiment marched to reinforce Price, forming part of Hebert's brigade, under command of Gen. Ben McCulloch, and took part in the battle of the 7th. The regiment entered into action soon after General McCulloch's death, passing the body of the dead general in their charge. The greater part of the Confederate forces which retreated to Frog Bayou, consisting of Missouri and Arkansas regiments, were transferred under Generals Price and Van Dorn across the Mississippi river in April, 1862. The Sixteenth was brigaded with four Missouri regiments, formerly commanded by Col. Francis Cockrell, which were the flower [315] of Missouri, and at Corinth were again united in a brigade commanded by Gen. Henry Little, afterward killed at Iuka. While at Corinth the Sixteenth was reorganized and the following officers chosen: Col. David Provence, formerly captain of battery of artillery known by his name; Lieut.-Col. B. T. Pixlee, Maj. J. M. Pitman, Adjt. John S. Tutt, Quartermaster Arch McKennon, Commissary Sam Hays, Sergt.-Maj. David Bronaugh. Captain McKennon is now a member of the Dawes Indian commission. The company commanders at reorganization were: Company A, Capt. L. N. C. Swaggerty; Company B, Capt. Jesse L. Cravens; Company C, Capt. James Gearwood; Company D, Capt. E. G. Mitchell; Company E, Lieut. J. H. Berry, commanding; Company F, Capt. William B. Stevens; Company G, Capt. J. P. Carnahan; Company H, Capt. G. D. R. Preston, then J. B. Cloud; Company I, Capt. Daniel Boone; Company K, Capt. James Waldron. The regiment participated in the movements around Corinth on the approach of the Federal army under Halleck. In September, 1862, it took part in the battle of Iuka, and in October, 1862, it participated in the desperate assault on the Federal encampment at Corinth, where it lost heavily. Lieut. J. H. Berry, who lost a leg in this battle, was afterward prosecuting attorney, judge, governor, and United States senator from Arkansas. Shortly after, the regiment was detached from the Missouri brigade and assigned to the Arkansas brigade, commanded by Col. Jordan E. Cravens, Arkansas troops, at Holly Springs, Miss. It was there again detached and sent with other Arkansas regiments to Port Hudson, La., and with the Eleventh, Colonel Logan; the Twelfth, Colonel Reid; the Fourteenth, Lieut.-Col. Pleasant Fowler; the Fifteenth, Col. Ben Johnson; the Seventeenth, Col. John Griffith; the Eighteenth, Col, R. H. Crockett; and the Twenty-third, Col. O. P. Lyles, under Gen. William N. R. Beall, went through the siege of forty-eight days, and was surrendered to General Banks [316] July 9, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel Pixlee was killed during the siege, and Maj. J. M. Pitman succeeded him; Captain Swaggerty, of Company A, becoming major, and Lieut. Jesse Adams, captain of Company A. The officers were sent as prisoners to Johnson's island, except Capt. Daniel Boone, Lieut. J. G. Crump and William McConnell, who swam ashore from the transport conveying them and made their escape. Capt. Jim Cravens and Lieuts. Paynor, W. W. Bailly and Wilson escaped through the lines and returned to their homes in Arkansas, where they re-entered the service in other commands.

The Seventeenth Arkansas regiment (there was another of the same number afterward consolidated with the Twenty-first) was organized in August, 1861, at Fairfield, Yell county, under orders of the State military board, from nine companies. The field and staff officers were: Col. George W. Lemoyne, Lieut.-Col. S. W. Williams, Major Lawrence, of Danville, and Adjt. William A. Dowdle, of Conway county. The commanders of companies were: Company A, Capt. J. M. Dowdle, Conway county; Company B, Capt. Bryan B. King, Conway county; Company C, Captain Harsell, Pope county; Company D, Capt. John Mills, Yell county; Company Et Capt. John Perry, Johnson county; Company F, Captain Bone, Yell county; Company G, Captain Bull, Prairie county; Company H, Captain J. Homer Scott, Pope county; Company I, Capt. William Herrod, Yell county. Major Lawrence was accidentally killed near Pocahontas on the march into Missouri, and Capt. J. M. Dowdle was made major; Jordan E. Cravens being elected from the ranks to succeed him. After being ordered with the Arkansas regiments to Fort Pillow (old Randolph) in Tennessee, the regiment was held to duty in the vicinity of Memphis and joined the combined forces of Price and Van Dorn in north Mississippi. It participated with credit in the battle of Corinth.

Maj. Robert H. Crockett became colonel by promotion. [317] and Capt. W. N. Parrish was promoted lieutenant-colonel ‘for gallant conduct on the field.’ After the battle of Corinth, the Seventeenth and Twenty-first (Colonel McCarver's regiment) were consolidated. Col. Jordan E. Cravens, of Clarksville, who was a private in Company G, was elected colonel of the consolidated regiment, which was thereafter known as the Twenty-first, and assigned to duty at Vicksburg. It took part in the battle of Black River Bridge, May 17, 1863, and endured the siege of Vicksburg until the capitulation of Pemberton, July 4, 1863. Colonel Cravens was captured at the Big Black and, with the other officers, was sent a prisoner to Johnson's island. Colonel Cravens became circuit judge and representative in Congress; Colonel Pitman, circuit judge and State senator; Capt. B. B. Chisom, secretary of State; F. J. Spurlin, private, who lost a leg, was many years treasurer of Garland county; Col. O. P. Lyles became representative in Congress.

The Seventeenth Arkansas, of the northwestern part of the State (not the regiment organized for Colonel Lemoyne, but one formed in the vicinity of Fort Smith), was first commanded by Col. Frank Rector and Lieut.-Col. John Griffith, and took part in the battle of Elkhorn Tavern. It was reorganized at Tupelo, Miss., by the election of Col. John Griffith, Lieutenant-Colonel Dodson and Maj. B. F. Jett. The latter brought to the organization a company from Hempstead county, in the Southwest. The company commanders were: Company A, Capt. Cliff Thompson; Company B, Captain Van Hoose; Company C, Capt. E. D. Jett; Company D, Capt. David Arbuckle; Company E, Capt. Ed Adams. The regiment took part in the battles of Iuka and Corinth. It was ordered to the defense of Port Hudson, and consolidated with the Eleventh Arkansas, Col. John Griffith being placed in command of the consolidated regiment. It endured the siege of Port Hudson, upon the fall of which, July 9, 1863, the men were paroled. The officers were sent to prison, [318] among them Capt. B. B. Chisom, one of the youngest officers in the Confederacy. He commanded the company of Captain Arbuckle after the latter was captured at Port Hudson. From Johnson's island they were transferred to Fort Delaware, after being sent with all the other officers at Johnson's island to Point Lookout, Md., and detained several months after the surrender of Lee.

The Eighteenth Arkansas was organized at Devall's Bluff on White river, by the election of Col. D. W. Carroll, of Pine Bluff; Lieut.-Col. John L. Daly, of Camden, and Maj. Robert H. Crockett, of DeWitt. The company commanders were: Company A, Captain Thompson; Company B, Capt. (Rev.) R. B. Thrasher; Company C, Capt. James Peel; Company D, Captain Robertson; Company E, Captain. Barnett; Company G, Capt. Charles Lynch; Company H, Capt. W. N. Parrish; Company I, Capt. Samuel Southerland; Company K, Capt. D. W. Carroll, succeeded by W. F. Owen. The regiment numbered 1,000 when it was sent to Fort Pillow, but was decimated by disease and ordered to Corinth, Miss., where it continued to suffer from sickness, as did the entire army, due to rain and unwholesome water from pits dug about the camp. Colonel Carroll was compelled to relinquish his position because of ill health. Thereupon J. L. Daly was chosen the commanding officer of the regiment. The regiment took part in the battles of Iuka and Corinth, and suffered severely. Its colonel was killed, and many men and officers were killed and wounded. After the colonel received his death wound, Capt. W. N. Parrish, of Company H, led the regiment through the battle with such courage and ability that he was promoted lieutenant-colonel of the regiment ‘for gallantry on the field of battle.’ Maj. R. H. Crockett became colonel by order of seniority, and thenceforth led the regiment. It was ordered to Port Hudson and went through the siege of forty-eight days. The officers were imprisoned on Johnson's island, and the privates were paroled as prisoners [319] of war until exchanged. As the prisoners were being transported up the Mississippi river, Lieuts. James Hellums and Dink Atkins, of Company K, leaped from the steamer into the Mississippi between Napoleon and Helena, and made their escape by swimming ashore.

The Nineteenth Arkansas was organized at Devall's Bluff, in April, 1861, with the following officers: Colonel H. P. Smead, of Columbia county; Lieut.-Col. Ben Hale, of Hot Springs; Maj. D. L. Kilgore, of Magnolia; Quartermaster T. P. Dockery, Commissary H. Bussy. The captains were: Company A, J. G. Johnson, of Lewisville; B, H. G. P. Williams, of Hillsboro; C, B. R. Matthews, of Eldorado; D, John Cook, of Falcon; E, P. Dismukes, of Columbia county; F, J. I. Kendrick, of Columbia county; G, William C. Langford, of Eldorado, H, James Henry, of Hot Springs county. Under an act of Congress the regiment was reorganized by electing Tom Dockery, colonel; W. H. Dismukes, lieutenantcol-onel, and H. G. P. Williams, major. From Memphis it was ordered to Fort Pillow. April 2, 1862, the Federal fleet which had caused the evacuation of Island No.10 proceeded eighty miles below to Fort Pillow, and began a vigorous bombardment of that place and of Randolph, about twelve miles below, on the bluffs of Tennessee. Both places were rendered untenable, and the Confederates were withdrawn and sent to Corinth, Miss. They took part in the battles of Iuka and Corinth, where the Arkansas regiments bore themselves with greatest gallantry. The Nineteenth earned for its colonel, Thomas P. Dockery, of Lamartine, promotion as brigadier-general in the Confederate army. Colonel Dockery seemed designed for a soldier. Nothing excited him. His apparent indifference to danger was such in fact that at times it rendered him negligent of necessary precautions. It was this defect, really, that prevented his further promotion. Upon the promotion of Colonel Dockery, Lieutenant-Colonel Dismukes became colonel of the regiment. [320] The Nineteenth and Eighth, consolidated under command of Col. A. L. Hutchisor served in Cleburne's division at Ringgold gap and the retreat through Georgia. A second Nineteenth Arkansas infantry was organized in Nashville, Ark., the latter part of the year 1861, electing as officers Col C. L. Dawson, Lieut.--Col. P. R. Smith, Maj. Joseph Anderson. The company commanders were: A, Captain Castleman; B, Capt. Gabe Stewart; C, Captain Spars; D, Capt. J. H. Carter; E, Capt. Nathan Eldridge; F, Capt. D. H. Hamiter; G, Capt. D. C. Cowling; H, Captain Featherston; J, Capt. B. H. Kinsworthy; K, Captain Herndon. The regiment participated in the battle of Elkhorn Tavern, and the defense of Arkansas Post, where it surrendered to Sherman, and was subsequently exchanged at City Point, Va., in May following. It was consolidated with Portlock's regiment, and Adjt. A. H. Hutchison was elected colonel. With the army of Tennessee it went through the Georgia campaign.

The Twentieth Arkansas infantry was organized at Little Rock, August, 1861, with the following officers: Col. George King, Lieut.-Col. Alf Carrigan, Maj. James H. Fletcher. Upon reorganization for the Confederate service, there were chosen Col. Henry P. Johnson, Lieut.-Col. James H. Fletcher and Maj. Daniel W. Jones. Colonel Johnson was killed at the battle of Corinth, and Lieutenant-Colonel Fletcher became colonel, but resigned on account of disability, when Maj. Daniel W. Jones was promoted to colonel, and Captain Robertson succeeded him as major of the regiment. Major Robertson was killed in the battle of Big Black in rear of Vicksburg. The regiment was at the bombardment of Fort Pillow and in the battles of Farmington, Corinth, Coffeeville, Miss., Big Black river bridge, endured the siege of Vicksburg, and was surrendered to Grant, July 4, 1863. Colonel Jones, who had been taken prisoner at Corinth and exchanged, was again a prisoner at the capitulation of Vicksburg. After being exchanged, the regiment reentered [321] the service as cavalry under Colonel Jones, and was at the skirmishes on the Little Missouri and Prairie d'ane, and the battles of Marks' Mills and Jenkins' Ferry, in April, 1864; and during the raid to the Missouri river took part in the battles of Pilot Knob, Booneville, Independence and Marais des Cygnes, September, 1864.

The Twenty-third Arkansas infantry, as originally organized, had for its field officers: Col. Charles W. Adams, of Helena; Lieut.-Col. Simon P. Hughes, of Clarendon; Maj. J. S. Robinson, of Chicot county. The commanders of companies were: Capt. A. A. Adair, of Craighead county; Capt. E. McAllister, of Crittenden county; Capt. Henry Hillis, of Craighead county; Capt. John Clendenin, of Phillips county; Capt. W. W. Smith, of Monroe county; Capt. Thomas Westmoreland, of Poinsett county; Capt. J. H. Robinson, of Chicot county, and after his election as major, Captain Craycraft, of Chicot; Capt. Simon P. Hughes, of Monroe, and after his election as lieutenant-colonel, Capt. John B. Baxter, of Monroe; Captain Seward, of St. Francis county; Capt. Brown Dolson, of Cross county. The regiment was reorganized after the battle of Shiloh, and the following field officers elected: Col. O. P. Lyles, of Crittenden county; Lieut.-Col. A. A. Pennington, of Clark county; Maj. E. R. Black, of Monroe county; Adjt. C. W. Lewis, of Crittenden; Quartermaster McMurray, of Chicot; Commissary Norton, of Phillips county. The Twenty-third was engaged in the battles of Iuka and Corinth. It was united in a brigade with the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Eighteenth and Col. Batt. Jones' battalion, and sent to the defense of Port Hudson under Colonel Lyles, going through the siege. Its officers and men were surrendered and eventually exchanged, after which the regiment was mounted. Capt. W. W. Smith, of Monroe, was elected associate justice of the supreme court, in which position [322] he died in 1892. Simon P. Hughes was successively attorney-general, governor and associate justice of the supreme court of Arkansas.

The Twenty-fifth Arkansas infantry was organized in August, 1861, by the election of Col. Charles Turnbull, of Little Rock; Lieut.-Col. Henry Remington, of Montgomery county, who resigned, and Eli Hufstedler was made lieutenant-colonel; Maj. James J. Franklin. The commanders of companies were: Company A, Eli Hufstedler, promoted to lieutenant-colonel and colonel; Company C, John Thomas; Company D, Capt. S. T. Black, killed at Murfreesboro; Company F, J. J. Franklin, elected major at the organization and subsequently lieutenant-colonel, Captain Knowles, promoted major, First Lieut. John O'Brien becoming captain; Company G, Stephen Smith; Company H, W. A. Cotter; Company I, J. G. Adams; Company K, John A. Wakefield. Major Franklin was wounded at Murfreesboro, and Captain Knowles, of Company E, became major. He was killed at Kenesaw Mountain and was succeeded by Captain Cotter, of Company H. Capt. S. T. Black, of Company D, was killed at Murfreesboro. The regiment was at the bombardment of Fort Pillow, and in the battles of Shiloh, Richmond, Ky., Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Tunnel Hill, Dalton, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Moore's Mill, Peachtree Creek, Lovejoy's Station, Jonesboro, Moore's Station, Franklin, Nashville, Sugar Creek and Bentonville.

The Second Arkansas battalion was organized at Little Rock, in March, 1862, and John Miller was commissioned major in command. Two other companies were added and Batt. L. Jones was elected lieutenant-colonel, and continued as commander until the surrender of Port Hudson. Its officers were sent to Rock Island and were kept in prison there until the cessation of hostilities. Among the captains of the battalion were M. R. Wilson, [323] James Norris, James Imboden and P. T. Wood, who survived the siege of Port Hudson and the war. The gallant little command took an active part in the battles of Iuka, Rienzi, the big skirmish at Farmington, near Corinth, and did good service at Corinth in October, 1862. After the capitulation of Port Hudson the men who were paroled and exchanged went into the service claiming their organization, but were consolidated with the Eighteenth and Twenty-third. They took part in the battle of Marks' Mills, and were on the field at the battle of Jenkins' Ferry.

Borland's battalion was organized for Senator Solon Borland, who was elected major. At first containing five companies and about 309 men, other companies were soon added, increasing it to a regiment, which was organized by electing Col. Solon Borland, Lieut.-Col. Ben F. Danley and Maj. D. F. Shall, all residents of Little Rock and vicinity. Colonel Borland had served in the Mexican war, was one of the ‘Mier prisoners,’ and was advanced in years. When it became apparent that the regiment would be ordered east of the Mississippi river, he ordered a reorganization, and the regiment elected Col. James Gee, of Camden; Lieut.-Col. Ben F. Danley, of Little Rock, and Maj. A. W. Hobson, of Camden. Colonel Danley was appointed provost-marshal-general, A. W. Hobson was elected lieutenant-colonel, and William A. Blackwell, of Perryville, major. The regiment was retained at Pitman's Ferry a long time after Hardee was transferred, was then ordered to Des Arc and thence to Memphis, dismounted, and sent to Corinth. After the battle of Corinth, October 4, 1862, it was remounted, and served to the end of the war under the greatest of cavalry leaders, Gen. Bedford Forrest. At the battle of Thompson Station, in which Forrest commanded, Colonel Earle, of the regiment, and Capt. Joe Jester, of Hot Springs, were killed. John J. Sumpter, of Hot Springs, who had enlisted as a private in Jester's company, was made captain. [324] Thomas C. Scott, of Little Rock, was color sergeant, and lost an arm. Colonel Danley was captain of one of the original companies, of which John C. Henderson, of Saline, was made captain. Frank M. Conway was lieutenant, also S. C. W. Lewis. Senator James K. Jones was a private in Captain Holmes' company, of Dallas county, in this command, after rejection from the First Arkansas and a Clark county battery which he offered to join. His rejection was based on his physical inability to perform the service. He was in very delicate health while in the army east of the Mississippi river. From Corinth he was granted a furlough to go home to die. After a short rest at home he grew stronger, and joined Colonel Newton's regiment of mounted men, State troops, sometimes led by Governor Flanagin as commander-in-chief of State forces. In this command he served as a private until the end of the war.

Colonel Fagan's infantry regiment, the First, was ordered from Virginia to increase the force of Sidney Johnston for his attack upon Grant at Shiloh, and, as heretofore narrated, fought gallantly in that battle, in which Lieut.-Col. John Baker Thompson was killed. Colonel Fagan had been re-elected and Major Thompson had been elected lieutenant-colonel upon reorganization, vice Lieut.-Col. J. C. Monroe, who desired and obtained leave to visit his home in Arkansas. Maj. J. W. Colquitt became lieutenant-colonel upon the death of Lieutenant-Colonel Thompson. At Corinth, Colonel Fagan became offended by General Bragg's treatment, which he deemed harsh and unreasonable, and tendered his resignation. He and Colonel Monroe departed for Arkansas on horseback, accompanied by Theodore Linde, a gallant youth and brother-in-law of Governor Rector. Gen. T. C. Hindman had been assigned to the command of the Trans-Mississippi department. Colonel Fagan was assigned by General Hindman to a regiment of mounted riflemen, and soon after by General Holmes to a brigade [325] of infantry as brigadier-general. Colonel Monroe succeeded him in command of the cavalry regiment and continued in the cavalry service, in a short time in command of a brigade which was afterward assigned to Gen. W. L. Cabell, and of which he was ranking officer when General Cabell was captured; but Monroe himself being wounded and disabled, Colonel Harrell succeeded to the command of the brigade until the close of the war.

The commanders of Arkansas troops east of the Mississippi river who were transferred to the Trans-Mississippi department, as we have seen, were Generals Hindman, Churchill, Rust, Dockery, Cabell, McNair, Beall; Colonels Fagan, Tappan, Hawthorn, Shaver, Crockett, Marmaduke, Provence, John C. Wright, Slemons, B. W. Johnson, Gaither.

Maj.-Gen. T. C. Hindman, after being relieved of the command of the district of Arkansas, was reassigned to a division, and eventually to a corps, in the army east of the Mississippi, commanded successively by Bragg, Johnston and Hood. [326]