Comte de Paris, History of the Civil War in America. Vol. 3.
Henry Coppee , LL.D., Ed.

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[558] observatory, precisely as he had signalled the opportune arrival of Reynolds, informs Buford of the approach of the Eleventh corps, the corps flags which bear its distinguishing mark having enabled him to recognize it with certainty. In fact, at a quarter before one Schurz enters Gettysburg with his division. Howard, who leaves him in command of the Eleventh corps, directs him to take this division, henceforth under the command of Schimmelpfennig, and Barlow's, by the Mummasburg road to the right of Doubleday, and to leave Steinwehr's division, with the corps' artillery, on the heights of Cemetery Hill.

But the approach of a new adversary does not allow Schurz to afford the assistance to the First corps which he was preparing to bring it. Devin's cavalry, who are clearing the roads at the north for a considerable distance, see looming in sight several columns of the enemy, but find it difficult to delay the march of their advance-guard. It is Rodes' division, which, after having marched during the morning in the direction of Cashtown, has received instructions from Hill at Middletown directing it to proceed to Gettysburg. This detour has caused Rodes to lose two precious hours. Ewell, who accompanies him, astonished at finding the enemy at Gettysburg, becomes still slower and more circumspect in his movements than Hill, and allows himself to be detained for a while by the Federal cavalry. He does not wish to be drawn fully into the fight before hearing from Early, whom he has directed to march upon Gettysburg from Heidlersburg. Nevertheless, at the first glance he has recognized the importance of the position of Oak Hill, and has directed Rodes to plant himself there. Nothing could have been more dangerous for the Unionists, and the arrival of Ewell by way of the northern routes, changing as it does all the conditions of the fight, is in no way equalized by the reinforcement which Howard has just brought upon the ground.

Two parallel ridges which intersect west of Gettysburg the Mummasburg, Cashtown, and Hagerstown roads offer, it is true, some excellent defensive positions against any enemy coming from that direction; and the number of combatants with which Hill attacks Doubleday might be doubled if Howard could hold them in check by extending his line to the right as far as the culminating height