By the President of the Confederate States
a proclamation.
Whereas a communication was addressed on the 6th day of July last, (1862,) by
General Robert, F,
Lee, acting under the instructions of the
Secretary of War of the
Confederate States of America, to
General H. W. Halleck.
General-in-Chief of the United States army, informing the latter that a report had reached this Government that
Wm. B. Mumford, a citizen of the
Confederate States, had been executed by the
United States authorities at New Orleans, for having pulled down the
United States flag in that city before its occupation by the forces of the
United States, and calling for a statement of the facts, with a view to retaliation if met an outrage had really been committed under mention of the authorities of the
United States:
And whereas, (no answer having been received to said letter,) another letter was, on the 2d August last, (1862,) addressed by
Gen,
Lee, under my instructions to
Gen. Halleck, renewing the inquiry in relation to the said execution of said
Mumford with the information that in the event of not receiving a reply within fifteen days, it would be as summed that the fact alleged was true, and was sanctioned by the
Government of the
United States:
And whereas, an answer dated on the 7th August last, (1862,) was addressed to
General Lee by
Gen. H. W. Halleck, the said
General in-Chief of the armies of the
United States, alleging sufficient cause for failure to make early reply to said letter of 6th July, asserting that ‘"no authentic information had been received in relation to the execution of
Mumford, but measures will be immediately taken to ascertain the facts of the alleged execution,"’ and promising that
General Lee should be duly informed thereof;
And whereas, on the 29th November last, (1862,) another letter was addressed under my instructions by
Robert Ould, Confederate agent for the exchange of prisoners under the cartel between the two Governments, to
Lieut-Colonel W. H. Ludlow, agent of the
United States under said cartage informing him that the explanations promised in the said letter of
General Halleck, of 7th August last, had not yet been received, and that if no answer was sent to the
Government within fifteen days from the delivery of this last communication, it would be considered that an answer is declined.
And whereas by letter, dated on the 3d day of the present month of December, the said Lt Col Ladlow apprised the said
Robert Ould that the above recited communication of 29th of November had been received and forwarded to the
Secretary of War of the
United States:
And whereas this last delay of fifteen days, allowed for answer has elapsed, and no answer has been received:
And whereas in addition to the tacit admission resulting from the above refusal to answer, I have received evidence fully establishing the truth of the fact that the said
Wm. B,
Mumford, a citizen of this Confederacy, was actually and publicly executed in cold blood by hanging, after the occupation of the city of
New Orleans by the forces under the command of
Gen Benjamin F. Butier, when said
Mumford was an unresisting and non-combative captive, and for no offence even alleged to have been committed by him subsequent to the date of the capture of the said city:
And whereas the silence of the
Government of the
United States, and its maintaining of said Butier in high office un der its authority, for many months after his commission of an act that can be viewed in no other light than as a deliberate murder as well as of numerous other outrages and atrocities hereafter to be mentioned, afford evidence only too conclusive that the said Government sanctions the conduct of said Butier, and is determined that he shall remain unpunished for his crimes:
Now therefore, I,
Jefferson Davis,
President of the
Confederate States of America, and in their name, do pronounce and declare the said
Benjamin F Butier to be a felon deserving of capital punishment.
I do order that he be no longer considered or treated simply as a public enemy of the
Confederate States of Americas, but as an outlaw and Coman enemy of mankind, and that in the event of his capture, the officer in command of the capturing force do cause him to be immediately executed by hanging; and I do further order last no commissioned officer of the
United States, taken captive shall be released on parole before exchange until the said
Butier shall have met with due punishment for his crimes:
And whereas the hostilities waged against this Confederacy by the forces of the
United States, under the command of said
Benjamin F. Butier, have borne he resemblance to such warfare as is alone permissible by the rules of international law or the usages of civilization, but have been characterised by repeated atrocities and outrages, among the large number of which, the following may be cited as examples:
Peaceful and aged citizens, unresisting captives and non-combatants have been confined at hard labor with balls and choice attached to their limbe, and are still so held in dungeons and fortresses.--Others have been subjected to a like degrading punishment for selling medicines to the sick soldiers of the
Confederacy.
The soldiers of the
United States have been invited and encouraged by general orders to insult and outrage the wives the mothers, and the sisters of our citizens.
Helpless women have been torn from their homes and subjected to solitary confinement, some in fortresses, and prisons, and one, especially, on an island of barren sand, under a tropical sun, have been fed with loathsome rations that had been condemned as unfit for soldiers, and have been exexposed to the vilest insults.
Prisoners of war who surrendered to the naval forces of the
United States on agreement that they should be released on parole have been seized and kept in close confinement.
Repeated pretexts have been sought or invented for plundering the inhabitants of the captured city by fines levied and exacted under threat of imprisoning recusants at hard labor with ball and chain.
The entire population of the city of
New Orleans have been forced to elect between starvation, by the confiscation of all their property, and taking an oath against conscience to hear allegiance to the invaders of their country.
Egress from the city has been refused to those whose fortitude withstood the test, even to lone and aged women and to helpless children; and after being ejected from their homes and robbed of their property, they have been left to starve in the streets, or subsist on charity.
The slaves have been driven from the plantations in the neighborhood of New Orleans, till their owners would consent to share the crops with the
commanding General, his brother,
Andrew J. Butier, and other officers, and when such consent had been extorted the slaves have been restored to the plantations, and there compelled to work under the bayonets of the guards of
United States soldiers.
Where this partnership was refused, armed expeditions have been sent to the plantations to rob them of everything that was susceptible of removal, and even slaves, too aged or infirm for work, have, in spite of their entreaties, been forced from the homes provided by the owners, and drives to wander helpless on the highway.
By a recent
General Order (No, 91) the entire property in that part of
Louisiana lying west of the
Mississippi river, has been sequestrated for confiscation, and officers have been assigned to duty with orders to ‘"gather up and collect the personal property and turn over to the proper officers, upon their receipts, such of said property as may be required for the use of the United States army; to collect together all the other personal property and bring the same to New Orleans, and cause it to be sold at public auction to the highest bidders" ’--an order which, if executed, condemns to punishment by starvation, at least a quarter of a million of human beings, of all ages, sexes, and conditions; and of which the execution, although forbidden to military officers by the orders of
President Lincoln, is in accordances with the Confiscation law of our enemies, which he has directed to be enforced through the agency of civil officials.
And, finally, the African slaves have not only been excited to insurrection by every license and encouragement; but numbers of them have actually been armed for a servals war, a war in its nature far exceeding in horrors the most merciless atrocities of the savages:
And whereas the officers under the command of the said
Butler have been, in many instances, active and zealous agents in the commission of these ordainer, and no instance in known of the refused of any one of them to participate in the outrages above narrated:
And whereas the
President of the
United States has, by public and official declaration, signified not only his approval of the effort to excite servile war within the
Confederacy, but his intention to give aid and encouragement thereto, if these independent States shall continue to refuse submission to a foreign power after the 1st day of January next, and has thus made known that all appeals to the laws of nations, the distastes of reason, and the instincts of humanity would be addressed in vain to our enemies and that they can be deterred from the commission of these crimes only by the terms of just retribution:
Now, therefore, I.
Jefferson Davis,
President of the
Confederate States of America, and acting by their authority, appealing to the
Divine Judge in attestation that their conduct is not guided by the passion of revenge, but that they reluctantly yield to the solemn duty of repressing, by necessary severity, crimes of which their citizens are the victims, do issue this my proclamation and by virtue of my authority as
Commander in Chief of the enemies of the
Confederate States do order.
- 1st.
That all commissioned officers in the command of said Benjamin F. Butler be declared not entitled to be considered as soldiers engaged in honorable warfare, but as robbers and criminals slave serving death, and that they and each of them be, whenever captured, reserved for execution.
- 2d.
That the private soldiers and non-commissioned officers in the army of said Butler by considered as only the instruments used for the commission of the crimes perpetrated by his orders and not as free agents, that they therefore be trusted, when captured, as prisoners of war, with kindness and humanity, and present home on the usual parole, that they will in no manner aid or serve the United States in any capacity during the continuance of this war, unless duly exchanged.
- 3d.
That all negro slaves captured in arms be at once delivered over to the Executive authorities of the respective States to which they belong to be desit with according to the laws of said States.
- 4d. That the like orders be executed in all cases with respect to all commissioned officers of the United States when found serving in company with armed slaves in insurrection against the authorities of the different States of this Confederacy.
In testimony whereof, I have signed these presents and caused the seal of the
Confederate States of America to be affixed thereto, at the city of
Richmond, on this 23d day of December in the year of our lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two
