[*] 428.
Special uses of place
from which, to which,
and
where are the following:—
[*] a.
With names of towns and small islands
ab
is often used to denote
from the
vicinity of, and
ad
to denote
towards,
to the
neighborhood of:—
-
“ut ā
Mutinā discēderet ”
(Phil. 14.4)
, that he should retire from Modena
(which he was besieging).
-
“erat ā
Gergoviā dēspectus in
castra ”
(B. G. 7.45)
, there was from about Gergovia a view into the
camp.
-
ad Alesiam
proficīscuntur (id. 7.76), they set out for
Alesia.
-
ad Alesiam perveniunt
(id. 7.79),
they arrive at Alesia (i.e. in the
neighborhood of the town).
- D.
“Laelius cum classe ad
Brundisium vēnit”
(B. C. 3.100)
,
Decimus
Lœlius came to Brundisium with a fleet (arriving
in the harbor).
[*] b.
The general words
urbs
,
oppidum
,
īnsula
require a preposition to express the place
from which, to which, or
where:—
[*] c.
With the name of a country,
ad
denotes
to the borders;
in with the
accusative,
into the country itself. Similarly
ab
denotes
away from the outside;
ex,
out of the interior.
Thus
ad Ītaliam pervēnit
would mean
he came to the
frontier, regardless of the destination;
in
Ītaliam,
he went to Italy,
i.e. to a place within it, to Rome, for instance.
So
ab Ītaliā profectus est
would mean
he came away from the
frontier, regardless of the original starting-point;
ex Ītaliā,
he came from Italy, from within, as from Rome,
for instance.
[*] d.
With all names of places
at, meaning
near (not
in), is
expressed by
ad
or
apud
with the accusative.
-
pūgna ad
Cannās, the fight at
Cannae.
-
“conchās ad
Câiētam legunt ”
(De Or. 2.22)
, at Caieta (along the shore).
-
ad (apud) īnferōs, in the
world below (near, or among, those
below).
ad forīs, at
the doors.
|
ad iānuam, at
the door.
|
[*] Note.--
In the neighborhood of may be expressed
by circā with the accusative; among, by
apud
with the accusative:—
apud Graecōs,
among the Greeks.
|
apud mē, at my
house.
|
apud
Solēnsīs (Leg. 2.41), at
Soli.
|
circā Capuam, round about
Capua.
|
[*] Note 2.--In citing an
author,
apud
is regularly used; in citing a particular work, in. Thus,apud Xenophōntem,
in Xenophon; but, in Xenophōntis Oeconomicō,
in Xenophon's Œconomicus
[*] e.
Large islands, and all places when thought of as a
territory and not as a
locality, are treated like names of
countries:—
-
in Siciliā, in
Sicily.
-
“
in Ithacā leporēs
illātī moriuntur ”
(Plin. H. N. 8.226)
, in Ithaca hares, when carried there,
die. [Ulysses lived at
Ithaca would require
Ithacae
.]
[*] f.
The Ablative without a preposition is used to denote the
place from which in certain idiomatic
expressions:—
-
“cessisset patriā
”
(Mil. 68)
, he would have left his country.
-
patriā
pellere, to drive out of the
country.
-
manū
mittere, to emancipate (let go from
the hand).
[*] g.
The poets and later writers often omit the preposition with the place
from which or
to
which when it would be required in classical
prose:—
-
“mānīs
Acheronte remissōs ”
(Aen. 5.99)
, the spirits returned from Acheron.
-
Scythiā
profectī; (Q. C. 4.12.11), setting
out from Scythia.
-
“
Ītaliam
... Lāvīniaque
vēnit lītora
”
(Aen. 1.2)
, he came to Italy and the Lavinian
shores.
-
terram Hesperiam
veniēs (id. 2.781, you shall come to the Hesperian
land.
-
“
Aegyptum proficīscitur ”
(Tac. Ann. 2.59)
, he sets out for Egypt.
[*] h.
In poetry the place
to which is often
expressed by the Dative, occasionally also in later
prose:—
-
“it clāmor
caelō
”
(Aen. 5.451)
, a shout goes up to the sky.
-
facilis dēscēnsus
Avernō (id. 6.126), easy is the
descent to Avernus.
-
diadēma
capitī repōnere iussit
(Val. Max. 5.1.9), he ordered him to put
back the diadem on his head.
[*] i.
The preposition is not used with the supine in
-um (§ 509) and
in the following old phrases:—
-
vēnum dare, to
sell (give to sale). [Hence
vēndere
.]
-
vēnum īre,
to be sold (go to sale). [Hence
vēnīre
.]
-
forās (used as adverb),
out: as,forās
ēgredī, to go out of
doors.
-
suppetiās
advenīre, to come to one's
assistance.
[*] j.
When two or more names of place are used with a verb of motion, each
must be under its own construction:—
-
“quadriduō quō haec
gesta sunt rēs ad
Chrȳsogonum in castra L. Sullae
Volā terrās
dēfertur ”
(Rosc. Am. 20)
, within four days after this was done, th
matter was reported TO
Chrysogonus IN Sulla's camp AT
Volaterrœ.
[*] Note.--The accusative
with or without a preposition is often used in Latin when motion to a place is implied but not
expressed in English (see k, N.).
[*] k.
Domum
denoting the place
to which, and
the locative
domī
, may be modified by a possessive pronoun or a
genitive:—
-
“domum rēgis
”
(Deiot. 17)
, to the king's house. [But also
“in M. Laecae domum”
(Cat. 1.8)
, to Marcus Lœca's house.]
-
domī meae, at
my house;
domī Caesaris,
at Cæsar's house.
-
domī suae vel
aliēnae, at his own or
another's house.
[*] Note.--At times when
thus modified, and regularly when otherwise modified,
in domum
or
in domō
is used:—
-
in domum
prīvātam
conveniunt
(Tac. H. 4.55),
they come to gether in a private house.
-
“
in Mārcī
Crassī castissimā
domō
”
(Cael. 9)
, in the chaste home of Marcus Crassus.
[Cf. ex Anniānā
Milōnis domō, §
302. e.]