Of the temperature of colde Regions all the Sommer long,
and also how in Winter the same is habitable, especially
to the inhabitants thereof.
THE colde Regions of the world are those, which tending
toward the Poles Arctike, and Antarctike, are without
the circuite or boundes of the seven Climates: which
assertion agreeable to the opinion of the olde Writers,
is found and set out in our authour of the Sphere,
Johannes de Sacrobosco, where hee plainely saith, that
without the seventh Climate, which is bounded by a
Parallel passing at fiftie degrees in Latitude, all the habi
tation beyonde is discommodious and intollerable. But
Gemma Frisius a late writer finding England
and Scotland
to be without the compasse of those Climates, wherein
hee knewe to bee very temperate and good habitation,
added thereunto two other Climates, the uttermost Parallel
whereof passeth by 56. degrees in Latitude, and therein
comprehendeth over and above the first computation,
England
, Scotland
, Denmarke, Moscovia, &c. which all
are rich and mightie kingdomes.
The olde writers perswaded by bare conjecture, went
about to determine of those places, by comparing them
to their owne complexions, because they felt them to
bee hardly tollerable to themselves, and so took thereby
an argument of the whole habitable earth; as if a man
borne in
Marochus, or some other part of Barbarie, should
at the latter end of Sommer upon the suddeine, either
naked, or with his thinne vesture, bee brought into
England
, hee would judge this Region presently not to
bee habitable, because hee being brought up in so warme
a Countrey, is not able here to live, for so suddeine an
alteration of the colde aire: but if the same man had
come at the beginning of Sommer, and so afterward by
little and little by certaine degrees, had felt and acquainted
himselfe with the frost of Autumne, it would have seemed
by degrees to harden him, and so to make it farre more
tollerable, and by use after one yeere or two, the aire
would seeme to him more temperate. It was compted
a great matter in the olde time, that there was a brasse
pot broken in sunder with frosen water in Pontus
, which
after was brought and shewed in
Delphis, in token of
a miraculous colde region and winter, and therefore
consecrated to the Temple of Apollo.
This effect being wrought in the Parallel of fouretie
three degrees in Latitude, it was presently counted a place
very hardly and uneasily to be inhabited for the great
colde. And how then can such men define upon other
Regions very farre without that Parallel, whether they
were inhabited or not, seeing that in so neere a place
they so grossely mistooke the matter, and others their
followers being contented with the inventions of the olde
Authors, have persisted willingly in the same opinion,
with more confidence then consideration of the cause:
so lightly was that opinion received, as touching the
unhabitable Clime neere and under the Poles.
Therefore I am at this present to prove, that all the
land lying betweene the last climate even unto the point
directly under either poles, is or may be inhabited,
especially of such creatures as are ingendred and bred
therein. For indeed it is to be confessed, that some
particular living creature cannot live in every particular
place or region, especially with the same joy and felicitie,
as it did where it was first bred, for the certeine agreement of nature that is betweene the place and the thing
bred in that place; as appeareth by the Elephant, which
being translated and brought out of the second or third
climat, though they may live, yet will they never ingender
or bring forth yong. Also we see the like in many kinds
of plants and herbs; for example, the Orange trees,
although in Naples
they bring forth fruit abundantly, in
Rome
and Florence
they will beare onely faire greene
leaves, but not any fruit: and translated into England
,
they will hardly beare either flowers, fruit, or leaves, but
are the next Winter pinched and withered with colde:
yet it followeth not for this, that England
, Rome
, and
Florence
should not be habitable.
In the proving of these colde regions habitable, I shalbe
very short, because the same reasons serve for this purpose, which were alleged before in the proving the middle
Zone to be temperate, especially seeing all heat and colde
proceed from the Sunne, by the meanes either of the
Angle which his beames do make with the Horizon, or
els by the long or short continuance of the Suns presence
above ground: so that if the Sunnes beames do beat
perpendicularly at right Angles, then there is one cause
of heat, and if the Sunne do also long continue above
the Horizon, then the heat thereby is much increased
by accesse of this other cause, & so groweth to a kinde
of extremity. And these two causes, as I sayd before,
do most concurre under the two Tropicks, and therefore
there is the greatest heat of the world. And likewise,
where both these causes are most absent, there is greatest
want of heat, and increase of colde (seeing that colde is
nothing but the privation and absence of heat) and if
one cause be wanting, and the other present, the effect
will grow indifferent. Therefore this is to be understood,
that the neerer any region is to the Equinoctiall, the
higher the Sunne doth rise over their heads at noone,
and so maketh either right or neere right Angles, but
the Sunne tarieth with them so much the shorter time,
and causeth shorter dayes, with longer and colder nights,
to restore the domage of the day past, by reason of the
moisture consumed by vapour. But in such regions, over
the which the Sunne riseth lower (as in regions extended
towards either pole) it maketh there unequall Angles, but
the Sunne continueth longer, and maketh longer dayes,
and causeth so much shorter and warmer nights, as
retaining warme vapours of the day past. For there are
found by experience Summer nights in Scotland
and Gothland very hot, when under the Equinoctiall they are found
very cold. This benefit of the Sunnes long continuance
& increase of the day, doth augment so much the more
in colde regions as they are nerer the poles, and ceaseth
not increasing untill it come directly under the point of
the pole Arcticke, where the Sunne continueth above
ground the space of sixe moneths or halfe a yere together,
and so the day is halfe a yere long, that is the time of
the Sunnes being in the North signes, from the first
degree of Aries untill the last of Virgo, that is all the
time from our 10 day of March untill the 14 of September.
The Sunne therfore during the time of these sixe moneths
without any offence or hindrance of the night, giveth his
influence upon those lands with heat that never ceaseth
during that time, which maketh to the great increase of
Summer, by reason of the Sunnes continuance. Therefore
it followeth, that though the Sunne be not there very high
over their heads, to cause right angle beames, and to
give great heat, yet the Sun being there sometime almost
24 degrees high doth cast a convenient and meane heate,
which there continueth without hindrance of the night
the space of sixe moneths (as is before sayd) during which
time there followeth to be a convenient, moderate and
temperate heat: or els rather it is to be suspected the
heat there to be very great, both for continuance, and
also, Quia virtus unita crescit, the vertue and strength
of heat united in one increaseth. If then there be such
a moderate heat under the poles, and the same to continue so long time; what should moove the olde writers
to say there cannot be place for habitation. And that
the certainty of this temperate heat under both the poles
might more manifestly appeare, let us consider the
position & quality of the sphere, the length of the day,
and so gather the height of the Sunne at all times, and
by consequent the quantity of his angle, and so lastly
the strength of his heat.
Those lands and regions lying under the pole, and
having the pole for their Zenith, must needs have the
Equinoctial circle for their Horizon: therefore the Sun
entring into the North signes, and describing every 24
houres a parallel to the Equinoctiall by the diurnall motion
of Primum mobile, the same parallels must needs be
wholly above the Horizon: and so looke how many
degrees there are from the first of Aries to the last of
Virgo, so many whole revolutions there are above their
Horizon that dwell under the pole, which amount to 182,
and so many of our dayes the Sunne continueth with
them. During which time they have there continuall day
and light, without any hindrance of moist nights. Yet
it is to be noted, that the Sunne being in the first degree
of Aries, and last degree of Virgo, maketh his revolution
in the very horizon, so that in these 24 houres halfe the
body of the Sunne is above the horizon, and the other
halfe is under his only center, describing both the horizon
and the equinoctiall circle.
And therefore seeing the greatest declination of the
Sunne is almost 24 degrees, it followeth, his greatest
height in those countreys to be almost 24 degrees. And
so high is the Sun at noone to us in London
about the
29 of October, being in the 15 degree of Scorpio, and
likewise the 21 of January being in the 15 of Aquarius.
Therefore looke what force the Sun at noone hath in
London
the 29 of October, the same force of heat it hath,
to them that dwell under the pole, the space almost of
two moneths, during the time of the Summer solstitium,
and that without intermingling of any colde night; so
that if the heat of the Sunne at noone could be well
measured in London
(which is very hard to do, because
of the long nights which ingender great moisture and
cold) then would manifestly appeare by expresse numbers
the maner of the heat under the poles, which certainly
must needs be to the inhabitants very commodious and
profitable, if it incline not to overmuch heat, and if
moisture do not want.
For as in October in England
we finde temperate aire,
and have in our gardens hearbs and floures notwithstanding our cold nights, how much more should they
have the same good aire, being continuall without night.
This heat of ours continueth but one houre, while the
Sun is in that meridian, but theirs continueth a long
time in one height. This our heat is weake, and by the
coolenesse of the night vanisheth, that heat is strong, and
by continuall accesse is still increased and strengthened.
And thus by a similitude of the equall height of the Sun
in both places appeareth the commodious and moderate
heat of the regions under the poles.
And surely I cannot thinke that the divine providence
hath made any thing uncommunicable, but to have given
such order to all things, that one way or other the same
should be imployed, and that every thing and place should
be tollerable to the next: but especially all things in this
lower world be given to man to have dominion and use
thereof. Therefore we need no longer to doubt of the
temperate and commodious habitation under the poles
during the time of Summer.
But all the controversie consisteth in the Winter, for
then the Sunne leaveth those regions, and is no more
seene for the space of other sixe moneths, in the which
time all the Sunnes course is under their horizon for the
space of halfe a yere, and then those regions (say some)
must needs be deformed with horrible darknesse, and
continuall night, which may be the cause that beasts can
not seeke their food, and that also the colde should then
be intollerable. By which double evils all living creatures
should be constrained to die, and were not able to indure
the extremity and injury of Winter, and famine insuing
thereof, but that all things should perish before the
Summer following, when they should bring foorth their
brood and yoong, and that for these causes the sayd
Clime about the pole should be desolate and not habitable.
To all which objections may be answered in this maner:
First, that though the Sunne be absent from them those
six moneths, yet it followeth not that there should be
such extreme darknesse; for as the Sunne is departed
under their horizon, so is it not farre from them: and
not so soone as the Sunne falleth so suddenly commeth
the darke night; but the evening doth substitute and
prolong the day a good while after by twilight. After
which time the residue of the night receiveth light of the
Moone and Starres, untill the breake of the day, which
giveth also a certaine light before the Sunnes rising;
so that by these meanes the nights are seldome darke;
which is verified in all parts of the world, but least in
the middle Zone under the Equinoctiall, where the twilights are short, and the nights darker then in any other
place, because the Sunne goeth under their horizon so
deepe, even to their antipodes. We see in England
in
the Summer nights, when the Sunne goeth not farre under
the horizon, that by the light of the Moone & Starres
we may travell all night, and if occasion were, do some
other labour also. And there is no man that doubteth
whether our cattell can see to feed in the nights, seeing
we are so well certified therof by our experience: and
by reason of the sphere our nights should be darker then
any time under the poles.
The Astronomers consent that the Sunne descending
from our upper hemisphere at the 18 parallel under the
horizon maketh an end of twilight, so that at length the
darke night insueth, and that afterward in the morning
the Sun approching againe within as many parallels, doth
drive away the night by accesse of the twilight. Againe,
by the position of the sphere under the pole, the horizon,
and the equinoctiall are all one. These revolutions therefore that are parallel to the equinoctiall are also parallel
to the horizon, so that the Sunne descending under that
horizon, and there describing certaine parallels not farre
distant, doth not bring darke nights to those regions
untill it come to the parallels distant 18 degrees from
the equinoctiall, that is, about the 21 degree of Scorpio,
which will be about the 4 day of our November, and after
the Winter solstitium, the Sunne returning backe againe
to the 9 degree of Aquarius, which will be about the 19
of January; during which time onely, that is, from the
4 day of November untill the 19 day of January, which
is about six weeks space, those regions do want the
commodity of twilights: therefore, during the time of
these sayd six moneths of darknesse under the poles,
the night is destitute of the benefit of the Sunne and
the sayd twilights onely for the space of six weeks or
thereabout. And yet neither this time of six weeks is
without remedy from heaven; for the Moone with her
increased light hath accesse at that time, and illuminateth
the moneths lacking light every one of themselves severally halfe the course of that moneth, by whose benefit
it commeth to passe that the night named extreame darke
possesseth those regions no longer then one moneth,
neither that continually, or all at one time, but this also
divided into two sorts of shorter nights, of the which
either of them indureth for the space of 15 dayes, and
are illuminate of the Moone accordingly. And this reason
is gathered out of the sphere, whereby we may testifie
that the Summers are warme and fruitfull, and the
Winters nights under the pole are tolerable to living
creatures. And if it be so that the Winter and time of
darknesse there be very colde, yet hath not nature left
them unprovided therefore: for there the beasts are
covered with haire so much the thicker in how much the
vehemency of colde is greater; by reason whereof the
best and richest furres are brought out of the coldest
regions. Also the fowles of these colde countreys have
thicker skinnes, thicker feathers, and more stored of
downe then in other hot places. Our English men that
travell to S. Nicholas, and go a fishing to Wardhouse,
enter farre within the circle Arctike, and so are in the
frozen Zone, and yet there, aswell as in Island and all
along those Northerne Seas, they finde the greatest store
of the greatest fishes that are; as Whales, &c. and also
abundance of meane fishes; as Herrings, Cods, Haddocks,
Brets, &c. which argueth that the sea as well as the land
may be and is well frequented and inhabited in the colde
countreys.
But some perhaps will marvell there should be such
temperate places in the regions about the poles, when at
under 62 degrees in latitude our captaine Frobisher &
his company were troubled with so many and so great
mountaines of fleeting ice, with so great stormes of colde,
with such continuall snow on tops of mountaines, and
with such barren soile, there being neither wood nor trees,
but low shrubs, and such like. To all which objections
may be answered thus : First, those infinite Islands of
ice were ingendred and congealed in time of Winter,
and now by the great heat of Summer were thawed, and
then by ebs, flouds, winds, and currents, were driven to
and fro, and troubled the fleet; so that this is an argument to prove the heat in Summer there to be great,
that was able to thaw so monstrous mountaines of ice.
As for continuall snow on tops of mountaines, it is there
no otherwise then is in the hotest part of the middle Zone,
where also lieth great snow all the Summer long upon
tops of mountaines, because there is not sufficient space
for the Sunnes reflection, whereby the snow should be
molten. Touching the colde stormy winds and the
barrennesse of the country, it is there as it is in Cornwall
and Devonshire
in England
, which parts though we know
to be fruitfull and fertile, yet on the North side thereof
all alongst the coast within seven or eight miles off the
sea there can neither hedge nor tree grow, although they
be diligently by arte husbanded and seene unto: and the
cause thereof are the Northerne driving winds, which
comming from the sea are so bitter and sharpe that they
kill all the yoong & tender plants, and suffer scarse any
thing to grow; and so is it in the
Islands of Meta incognita, which are subject most to East & Northeastern
winds, which the last yere choaked up the passage so
with ice that the fleet could hardly recover their port.
Yet notwithstanding all the objections that may be, the
countrey is habitable; for there are men, women, children,
& sundry kind of beasts in great plenty, as beares, deere,
hares, foxes and dogs: all kinde of flying fowles, as ducks,
seamewes, wilmots, partridges, larks, crowes, hawks, and
such like, as in the third booke you shall understand
more at large. Then it appeareth that not onely the
middle Zone but also the Zones about the poles are
habitable.
Which thing being well considered, and familiarly
knowen to our Generall captaine Frobisher, aswell for
that he is thorowly furnished of the knowledge of the
sphere and all other skilles appertaining to the arte of
navigation, as also for the confirmation he hath of the
same by many yeres experience both by sea and land, and
being persuaded of a new and nerer passage to Cataya
then by Capo de buona Speranca, which the Portugals
yerely use: he began first with himselfe to devise, and
then with his friends to conferre, and layed a plaine plat
unto them that that voyage was not onely possible by
the Northwest, but also he could prove easie to be performed. And further, he determined and resolved with
himselfe to go make full proofe thereof, and to accomplish or bring true certificate of the truth, or els never
to returne againe, knowing this to be the only thing of
the world that was left yet undone, whereby a notable
minde might be made famous and fortunate. But
although his will were great to performe this notable
voyage, whereof he had conceived in his minde a great
hope by sundry sure reasons and secret intelligence, which
here for sundry causes I leave untouched, yet he wanted
altogether meanes and ability to set forward, and performe the same. Long time he conferred with his
private friends of these secrets, and made also many offers
for the performing of the same in effect unto sundry
merchants of our countrey above 15 yeres before he
attempted the same, as by good witnesse shall well
appeare (albeit some evill willers which challenge to
themselves the fruits of other mens labours have greatly
injured him in the reports of the same, saying that they
have bene the first authours of that action, and that they
have learned him the way, which themselves as yet have
never gone) but perceiving that hardly he was hearkened
unto of the merchants, which never regard vertue without
sure, certaine, and present gaines, he repaired to the
Court (from whence, as from the fountaine of our Common
wealth, all good causes have their chiefe increase and
maintenance) and there layed open to many great estates
and learned men the plot and summe of his device. And
amongst many honourable minds which favoured his
honest and commendable enterprise, he was specially
bound and beholding to the right honourable Ambrose
Dudley earle of Warwicke, whose favourable minde and
good disposition hath alwayes bene ready to countenance
and advance all honest actions with the authours and
executers of the same: and so by meanes of my lord his
honourable countenance he received some comfort of his
cause, and by litle and litle, with no small expense and
paine brought his cause to some perfection, and had
drawen together so many adventurers and such summes of
money as might well defray a reasonable charge to furnish
himselfe to sea withall.
He prepared two small barks of twenty and five and
twenty tunne a piece, wherein he intended to accomplish
his pretended voyage. Wherefore, being furnished with
the foresayd two barks, and one small pinnesse of ten
tun burthen, having therein victuals and other necessaries
for twelve moneths provision, he departed upon the sayd
voyage from Blacke-wall the 15 of June anno Domini
1576.
One of the barks wherein he went was named The Gabriel, and the other The Michael; and sailing Northwest from England
upon the 11 of July he had sight of an
high and ragged land, which he judged to be Frisland
(whereof some authors have made mention) but durst not
approch the same by reason of the great store of ice that
lay alongst the coast, and the great mists that troubled
them not a litle. Not farre from thence he lost company
of his small pinnesse, which by meanes of the great storme
he supposed to be swallowed up of the Sea, wherein he
lost onely foure men.
Also the other barke named The Michael mistrusting
the matter, conveyed themselves privily away from him,
and returned home, with great report that he was cast
away.
The worthy captaine notwithstanding these discomforts,
although his mast was sprung, and his toppe mast blowen
overboord with extreame foule weather, continued his
course towards the Northwest, knowing that the sea at
length must needs have an ending, & that some land
should have a beginning that way; and determined therefore at the least to bring true proofe what land and sea
the same might be so farre to the Northwestwards, beyond
any man that hath heretofore discovered. And the
twentieth of July he had sight of an high land, which
he called Queene Elizabeths Forland, after her Majesties
name. And sailing more Northerly alongst that coast,
he descried another forland with a great gut, bay, or
passage, divided as it were two maine lands or continents
asunder. There he met with store of exceeding great
ice all this coast along, and coveting still to continue his
course to the Northwards, was alwayes by contrary winde
deteined overthwart these straights, and could not get
beyond. Within few dayes after he perceived the ice to
be well consumed and gone, either there ingulfed in
by some swift currents or indrafts, carried more to the
Southwards of the same straights, or els conveyed some
other way: wherefore he determined to make proofe of
this place, to see how farre that gut had continuance,
and whether he might carry himselfe thorow the same
into some open sea on the backe side, whereof he conceived no small hope, and so entred the same the one
and twentieth of July, and passed above fifty leagues
therein, as he reported, having upon either hand a great
maine or continent. And that land upon his right hand
as he sailed Westward he judged to be the continent
of Asia
, and there to be divided from the firme of
America
, which lieth upon the left hand over against the
same.
This place he named after his name, Frobishers
streights, like as Magellanus at ye Southwest end of
the world, having discovered the passage to the
South
sea (where America
is divided from the continent of
that land, which lieth under the South pole) and called
the same straights, Magellanes straits.
After he had passed 60 leagues into this foresayd
straight, he went ashore, and found signes where fire
had bene made.
He saw mighty deere that seemed to be mankinde,
which ranne at him, and hardly he escaped with his life
in a narrow way, where he was faine to use defence and
policy to save his life.
In this place he saw and perceived sundry tokens of
the peoples resorting thither. And being ashore upon
the top of a hill, he perceived a number of small things
fleeting in the sea afarre off, which he supposed to be
porposes or seales, or some kinde of strange fish; but
comming neerer, he discovered them to be men in small
boats made of leather. And before he could descend
downe from the hill, certaine of those people had almost
cut off his boat from him, having stollen secretly behinde
the rocks for that purpose, where he speedily hasted to
his boat, and bent himselfe to his halberd, and narrowly
escaped the danger, and saved his boat. Afterwards he
had sundry conferences with them, and they came aboord
his ship, and brought him salmon and raw flesh and
fish, and greedily devoured the same before our mens
faces. And to shew their agility, they tried many
masteries upon the ropes of the ship after our mariners
fashion, and appeared to be very strong of their armes,
and nimble of their bodies. They exchanged coats of
scales, and beares skinnes, and such like, with our men;
and received belles, looking glasses, and other toyes,
in recompense thereof againe. After great curtesie, and
many meetings, our mariners, contrary to their captaines
direction, began more easily to trust them; and five of
our men going ashore were by them intercepted with
their boat, and were never since heard of to this day
againe: so that the captaine being destitute of boat,
barke, and all company, had scarsely sufficient number
to conduct backe his barke againe. He could now neither
convey himselfe ashore to rescue his men (if he had
bene able) for want of a boat; and againe the subtile
traitours were so wary, as they would after that never
come within our mens danger. The captaine notwithstanding desirous to bring some token from thence of
his being there, was greatly discontented that he had
not before apprehended some of them: and therefore to
deceive the deceivers he wrought a prety policy; for
knowing wel how they greatly delighted in our toyes, and
specially in belles, he rang a prety lowbell, making signes
that he would give him the same that would come and
fetch it. And because they would not come within his
danger for feare, he flung one bell unto them, which of
purpose he threw short, that it might fall into the sea
and be lost. And to make them more greedy of the
matter he rang a louder bell, so that in the end one of
them came nere the ship side to receive the bel; which
when he thought to take at the captaines hand, he was
thereby taken himselfe: for the captaine being readily
provided let the bell fall, and caught the man fast, and
plucked him with maine force boat and all into his barke
out of the sea. Whereupon when he found himselfe in
captivity, for very choler and disdaine he bit his tongue
in twaine within his mouth: notwithstanding, he died
not thereof, but lived untill he came in England
, and
then he died of cold which he had taken at sea.
Now with this new pray (which was a sufficient witnesse of the captaines farre and tedious travell towards
the unknowen parts of the world, as did well appeare
by this strange infidell, whose like was never seene, read,
nor heard of before, and whose language was neither
knowen nor understood of any) the sayd captaine
Frobisher returned homeward, and arrived in England
in Harwich
the 2 of October following, and thence came
to London
1576, where he was highly commended of
all men for his great and notable attempt, but specially
famous for the great hope he brought of the passage to
Cataya.
And it is especially to be remembred that at their first
arrivall in those parts there lay so great store of ice all
the coast along so thicke together, that hardly his boat
could passe unto the shore. At length, after divers
attempts he commanded his company, if by any possible
meanes they could get ashore, to bring him whatsoever
thing they could first finde, whether it were living or
dead, stocke or stone, in token of Christian possession,
which thereby he tooke in behalfe of the Queenes most
excellent Majesty, thinking that thereby he might justify
the having and injoying of the same things that grew in
these unknowen parts.
Some of his company brought floures, some greene
grasse; and one brought a piece of blacke stone much
like to a sea cole in colour, which by the waight seemed
to be some kinde of metall or minerall. This was a
thing of no account in the judgement of the captaine at
the first sight; and yet for novelty it was kept in respect
of the place from whence it came.
After his arrivall in London
, being demanded of sundry
his friends what thing he had brought them home out
of that countrey, he had nothing left to present them
withall but a piece of this blacke stone. And it fortuned
a gentlewoman one of the adventurers wives to have a
piece therof, which by chance she threw and burned in
the fire, so long, that at the length being taken forth,
and quenched in a litle vinegar, it glistered with a bright
marquesset of golde. Whereupon the matter being called
in some question, it was brought to certaine Goldfiners
in London
to make assay thereof, who gave out that it
held golde, and that very richly for the quantity. Afterwards, the same Goldfiners promised great matters thereof
if there were any store to be found, and offered themselves to adventure for the searching of those parts from
whence the same was brought. Some that had great
hope of the matter sought secretly to have a lease at
her Majesties hands of those places, whereby to injoy
the masse of so great a publike profit unto their owne
private gaines.
In conclusion, the hope of more of the same golde ore
to be found kindled a greater opinion in the hearts of
many to advance the voyage againe. Whereupon preparation was made for a new voyage against the yere
following, and the captaine more specially directed by
commission for the searching more of this golde ore then
for the searching any further discovery of the passage.
And being well accompanied with divers resolute and
forward gentlemen, her Majesty then lying at the right
honourable the lord of Warwicks house in Essex
, he
came to take his leave, and kissing her hignesse hands,
with gracious countenance & comfortable words departed
toward his charge.
