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περί , Thess., Delph. περ IG9(2).517.17 (iii B.C.), al., Schwyzer 323 A4 (v/iv B.C.), also Aeol., v. infr. A. V ; Elean παρ ib.413.4 : Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.:—
A.round about, all round (prop. different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Skt. pári 'round about'.)
A. WITH GENITIVE,
I. of Place, sts. in Poets, round about, around, “τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς” Od.5.68 ; “τείχη π. Δαρδανίας” E. Tr.818 (lyr., s.v.l.); “εἴλυμα π. χροός” A.R.2.1129 : rarely, like ἀμφί, on both sides, v. περιβαίνω 1 fin.
2. about near, “π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα” IG14.2508 (Nemausus).
II. to denote the object about or for which one does something:
1. with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought about, π. τῶνδε for these prizes, Il.23.659 ; “π. πτόλιος . . μαχήσεται” 18.265 ; π. Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος ib.195, cf. 17.120; “π. σεῖο” 3.137 ; “π. νηὸς ἔχον πόνον” 15.416; ἀμύνεσθαι π. πάτρης, π. νηῶν, π. τέκνων, 12.243,142,170, etc.; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was for my life, Od.9.423 ; “π. ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος” Il.22.161 ; “π. ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο” Od.22.245; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, Hdt.7.57,9.37; “ἀγῶνας δραμέονται π. σφέων αὐτῶν” Id.8.102; “νεναυμάχηκε τὴν π. τῶν κρεῶν” Ar. Ra.191 ; <“τὸν> π. τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντες” Hdt.8.74; κινδυνεύειν π. τινός ibid., etc.; “οὐ π. τῶν ἴσων ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστι” X.HG7.1.7; and without a Verb, “π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί” Th.1.122; “π. πάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁ ἀγών” X.Cyr. 3.3.44, cf. S.Aj.936(lyr.), etc.; “μάχη π. τινός” Pl.Tht.179d ; “ἐπειγόμενοι π. νίκης” Il.23.437, cf. 639, Hdt.8.26 ; “πεῖραν θανάτου π. καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαι” Pi.N.9.29 ; “π. θανάτου φεύγειν” Antipho 5.95 ; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, Il.15.284 ; “καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον π. τόξων” Od.8.225, cf. 24.515.
4. of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought for very enmity, Il.7.301, cf. 16.476, 20.253.
V. Aeol. περί and περ = ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς . . δίννεντες πτέρα Sapph.1.10; περ κεφάλας prob. in Alc.93, cf. 18 ; “περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαι” Theoc.29.25; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid on my behalf, PCair. Zen.790.23 (iii B. C.), cf. UPZ57.12 (ii B. C.).
B. WITH DATIVE (in Att. Prose mostly in signf. 11, esp. in Th.),
I. of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., “ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα” Il.10.21 ; “χιτῶνα π. χροῒ δῦνεν” Od.15.60 ; “δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ π. χροΐ” Il.13.241 ; “ἕσσαντο π. χροῒ χαλκόν” Od.24.467; “κνημῖδας . . π. κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε” Il.11.17 ; “βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα π. στήθεσσι” 12.401 : in Prose, “π. τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάρας” Hdt.7.61; “θώρακα π. τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχειν” X.Cyr.1.2.13; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί ib.1.3.2. ; “π. τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄντα” Pl.R.359e, etc.; “χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε π. στήθεσσι” Il.13.245; “χιτῶνα π. στήθεσσι δαΐξαι” 2.416 ; “πήληξ . . κονάβησε π. κροτάφοισι” 15.648; in other relations, π. δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear, 2.389 ; “δράκων ἑλισσόμενος π. χειῇ” 22.95 ; “κνίση ἑλισσομένη π. καπνῷ” 1.317; “π. σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση” 23.598; “μάρναντο π. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν” 18.453 : rarely in Trag., “π. βρέτει πλεχθείς” A.Eu.259 (lyr.); “κεῖται νεκρὸς π. νεκρῷ” S.Ant.1240.
3. generally, of the cause or occasion, on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, v.l. for ὑπὸ καπνοῦ in Il.8.183; “μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς” Hdt.9.101; “π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαι” Th.6.33 ; “π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναι” Id.1.69 : in Poets, π. δείματι for fear, Pi.P.5.58 ; π. τιμᾷ in honour or praise, ib.2.59; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, A.Pers.696 (lyr.), Ch.35(lyr.); “π. χάρματι” h.Cer.429:—but π. θυμῷ is f.l. in Hdt.3.50.
C. WITH ACCUSATIVE,
I. of Place, prop. of the object round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, Od.11.42 ; “π. νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππους” Il.23.13 ; “π. τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι” 22.162 ; ἄστυ πέρι . . διώκειν ib.173,230 ; “ἐρύσας π. σῆμα” 24.16, cf. 51, etc.; “π. φρένας ἤλυθ᾽ ἰωή” 10.139 ; “π. φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος” Od.9.362 : also of extension round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, Il.18.374, Od.13.187, etc.; “λέξασθαι π. ἄστυ” Il.8.519 ; “μάρνασθαι π. ἄ.” 6.256, etc.; “φυλάσσοντας π. μῆλα” 12.303; οἳ π. Πηνειὸν . . ναίεσκον, π. Δωδώνην . . οἰκί᾽ ἔθεντο, 2.757, 750; “σειρήν κεν π. ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην” 8.25, cf. Od.18.67: in Prose, “ἰκριῶσαι π. τὼ ἀγάλματε” IG12.371.22; “φυλακὰς δεῖ π. τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναι” X.An. 5.1.9; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν somewhere near it, Pl.Phdr.259a, cf. X.Cyr. 1.2.9; “εἶναι π. τὸν λαγώ” Id.Cyn.4.4; π. λίθον πεσών upon it, Ar.Ach. 1180; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse upon themselves, D.2.10; “ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] π. ἀλλήλας” Th.7.23; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many to one, Hdt.7.103 ; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα . . τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is imputable to him who . . , Antipho 4.4.2 : freq. with a Subst. only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, X.HG2.3.32 ; “οἱ π. τὴν Ἔφεσον” Pl.Tht.179e; “στρατηγοὶ π. Πελοπόννησον” IG12.324.18 : strengthd., “π. τ᾽ ἀμφί τε τάφρον” Il.17.760; “π. τ᾽ ἀμφί τε κύματα” Hes.Th.848 ; cf. ἀμφί c. 1.2.
2. of persons who are about one, “ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν” X.HG5.3.22 ; esp. οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues, “οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις” Th.8.63 ; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, Pl.Cra.440c, cf. X.An.1.5.8, etc.; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, Id.HG5.4.2, cf. An.2.4.2, etc.; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so and his family, PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.), etc.; later οἱ π. τινά, periphr. for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, Plu.Pyrrh.20, cf. Tim.13, IGRom.3.883.14 (Tarsus, ii/iii A.D.); cf. ἀμφί C. 1.3.
5. about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, Hdt.3.13, 6.26 ; “εὐσεβεῖν π. θεούς” Pl.Smp.193a ; “ἀσεβεῖν π. ξένους” X.Cyr.5.2.10 ; “ἁμαρτάνειν π. τινάς” Id.An.3.2.20; “ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς π. τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων” IG12.59.10 ; “ἄνδρ᾽ ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι π. τὴν πόλιν” Ar.Ach.696 ; “τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν π. τὸν πατέρα” Lys.10.21 ; “οὐδεμία συμφορὴ . . ἔσται . . π. οἶκον τὸν σόν” Hdt.8.102 ; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, Id.1.158, Pl.Grg. 507a; “τὰ π. Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθέντα” Hdt.3.76 ; “καινοτομεῖν π. τὰ θεῖα” Pl. Euthphr.3b ; “π. θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν” X.Mem.1.1.20 ; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, Isoc.1.10: without a Verb, “αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί” X.Cyr.7.2.20; “ἡ π. αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλεια” Isoc.9.2; “ἡ π. ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησις” Pl.Phdr.246b: generally, of all relations, about, concerning, in respect of, “π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει” Hdt.2.93, cf. 8.86; “πονηρὸν π. τὸ σῶμα” Pl.Prt.313d; “ἀκόλαστος π. ταῦτα” Aeschin.1.42 ; γελοῖος π. τὰς διατριβάς ib.126 ; “ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος π. τὸν Ἀστύοχον” Th.8.84; as to (cf. A. 11.5), “π. τὸ παρὸν πάθος” Pl.Tht.179c, cf. Phd.65a : freq. in place of an Adj., ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά, Id.R.370d ; “οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμους” Id.Cri.50d ; “αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναί” Id.Phlb.51e ; also in place of a gen., οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches of L., Id.Phdr.279a; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism of P., X.HG5.4.2 ; “ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόν” Arist.EN1149b19 : in Prose, to denote circumstances connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, Hdt.1.95, 2.113, 4.154 ; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the works at Mount Athos, Id.7.37; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, Th.1.13; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (v.l. for τῆς ναυμαχίας) the events of . . , Id.8.63; “τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον” Pl.R.468a; “τὰ π. τὸ σῶμα” Id.Phdr.246d; “τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς” X.Cyr.8.1.23, etc.; cf. ἀμφί c.1.4.
2. of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, Id.1.54; “π. ἑπτακοσίους” X.HG2.4.5, etc.
D. Position: π. may follow its Subst., when it suffers anastrophe, “ἄστυ πέρι” Il.22.173; “ἔριδος πέρι” 16.476: most freq. with gen., “τοῦδε πράγματος πέρι” A.Eu.630; “τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέρι” Id.Th. 248, etc. (S. only once uses it before its gen., Aj.150 (anap.)): in Prose, “σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι” Hdt.8.36; “σοφίας πέρι” Pl.Phlb.49a; “δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκων” Id.Grg.455a, etc.; “γραμμάτων εἴπομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῶς ἔχεις πέρι” Id.Lg.809e, cf. Ap.19c.
E. περί abs., as ADV., around, about, also, near, by, freq. in Hom., “γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα π. χθών” Il.19.362, al.: strengthd., “περί τ᾽ ἀμφί τε κάλλος ἄητο” round about, h.Cer.276, cf. Call.Hec.1.1.13.
F. IN COMPOS. all its chief senses recur, esp.
I. extension in all directions as from a centre, all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.
II. completion of an orbit and return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι (εἶμι ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.
IV. generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Lat. per-.
V. the notion of double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compd., περιδέξιος (q.v.).
G. PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in Il. or Od. (“περ᾽ ἰγνύσι” h.Merc.152); once in Hes., “περίαχε” Th.678 (cf. Q.S.3.601, 11.382), v. ἰάχω fin.; “περ᾽ ἰγνύῃσι” Theoc.25.242 ; “περ᾽ Ἠδάλιον” Inscr.Cypr. 135.27 H.; also in Pi., “περάπτων” P.3.52 ; “περόδοις” N.11.40; “περιδαῖος” Fr.154 ; “περ᾽ αὐτᾶς” P.4.265 ; “ταύτας περ᾽ ἀτλάτου πάθας” O.6.38 : not in Trag. (περεβάλοντο, περεσκήνωσεν are ff. ll. in A.Ag.1147, Eu.634); in Com. and codd. of Prose writers only in part. of περίειμι (εἶμι ibo) (q. v.):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Com., περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, Ar.Eq.1005 sq.:—Aeol. περρ metri gr., v. A. 5.
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (285):
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    • Xenophon, Anabasis, 7.7.44
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.2.11
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.2.13
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.2.9
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.3.2
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.4
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.4.1
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 8.1.23
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 1.6.13
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 2.2.13
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 3.3.44
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 5.2.10
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 7.2.20
    • Xenophon, Cyropaedia, 7.5.60
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.3.50
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.3.52
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.4.5
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 5.3.22
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 5.4.2
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 7.4.28
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.2.4
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.3.32
    • Xenophon, Hellenica, 7.1.7
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 2.3.10
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 1.1.20
    • Xenophon, Memorabilia, 1.3.8
    • Xenophon, On the Art of Horsemanship, 1.6
    • Xenophon, On Hunting, 4.4
    • Xenophon, On the Art of Horsemanship, 6.3
    • Homer, Iliad, 10.21
    • Homer, Iliad, 10.240
    • Homer, Iliad, 11.557
    • Homer, Iliad, 12.243
    • Homer, Iliad, 12.401
    • Homer, Iliad, 13.241
    • Homer, Iliad, 13.441
    • Homer, Iliad, 13.570
    • Homer, Iliad, 16.157
    • Homer, Iliad, 16.476
    • Homer, Iliad, 16.568
    • Homer, Iliad, 17.4
    • Homer, Iliad, 17.760
    • Homer, Iliad, 18.374
    • Homer, Iliad, 1.317
    • Homer, Iliad, 20.17
    • Homer, Iliad, 21.566
    • Homer, Iliad, 22.161
    • Homer, Iliad, 22.162
    • Homer, Iliad, 23.437
    • Homer, Iliad, 23.659
    • Homer, Iliad, 6.256
    • Homer, Iliad, 7.289
    • Homer, Iliad, 8.161
    • Homer, Iliad, 8.183
    • Homer, Odyssey, 15.60
    • Homer, Odyssey, 16.234
    • Homer, Odyssey, 18.67
    • Homer, Odyssey, 22.245
    • Homer, Odyssey, 2.88
    • Homer, Odyssey, 5.36
    • Homer, Odyssey, 5.68
    • Sophocles, Trachiniae, 77
    • Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 1147
    • Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 2.1129
    • Polybius, Histories, 1.54.5
    • Polybius, Histories, 5.24.12
    • Aristophanes, Acharnians, 696
    • Thucydides, Histories, 6.34
    • Thucydides, Histories, 7.23
    • Thucydides, Histories, 8.14
    • Thucydides, Histories, 1.69
    • Thucydides, Histories, 2.89
    • Thucydides, Histories, 7.31
    • Plutarch, Timoleon, 13
    • Plutarch, Pyrrhus, 20
    • Aelian, De Natura Animalium, 9.34
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