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πικρός , ά, όν, poet. also ός, όν Od.4.406 :—prop.
II. generally, sharp to the sense:
1. of taste, pungent, “ῥίζαIl.11.846; “ἅλμηOd.5.323; δάκρυον (v.l. for πυκνόν) 4.153; of salt water, opp. γλυκύς, Hdt.4.52, cf. 7.35; ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π. Pl.Lg.705a; πριγλία π. PCair.Zen.82.8 (iii B.C.); “ἀπ᾽ ὄμφακος πικρᾶςA.Ag.970; ὑγρότης π., opp. ὀξεῖα, Meno Iatr.5.13; also of smell, pungent, Od.4.406; “πικρὸν ὀδωδώςAlciphr. 3.59. (This sense prevails in the derived and compd. words.)
2. of feeling, sharp, keen, “ὠδῖνεςIl.11.271, S.Tr.41.
3. of sound, piercing, shrill, “οἰμωγάId.Ph.189 (lyr.); “φθόγγοςId.OC1610; γόοι, ὄδυρμα, E.Ph.883, Tr.1227 (lyr.); “πικροτάτη ὄψAr.Pax805 (lyr.).
III. metaph.,
2. so of persons, prob. in Sapph.Supp.4.1 (Comp.) ; “γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π.Sol.13.5, cf. Thgn.301, A.Ch.234, Eu.152 (lyr.), etc. ; “ἔς τιναςHdt.1.123 : abs., A.Pr.739, Th940(lyr.); π. θεοῖς hateful to them, S.Ph.254; “π. πολίταιςE.Med.224, cf. Supp.1222 ; ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν κείνοις γλυκύς his death is matter of sorrow to me, S.Aj.966 ; δαίμων π., of untimely death (Lat. acerbus), IG3.1338.
3. embittered, angry, “πικρὰ ὄρνιςS.Ant.423.
4. relentless, “οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκηςAntipho 2.2.4 ; spiteful, mean, vindictive, “βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόνD.18.108; “π. καὶ συκοφάντηςId.25.45, cf. Arist.Rh.1368b21, EN1126a19 : in Com. of old men, “σκυθρός, π., φειδωλόςMen.10, cf. 825, 843, Georg.Fr.3. Adv. -ρῶς pedantically, D.H.Lys.6; with rigid accuracy, Apollon.Cit.3, Plu.2.659f.
IV. Adv. -ρῶς harshly, bitterly, vindictively, A.Pr.197, S.OC990 ; “π. ἐξετάσαιD.2.27, 18.265 ; π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας, Id.10.54, Ep.3.10 ; “π. φέρειν τιE.Ion610, cf. Andr.190; “ἔκλαυσε π.Ev.Matt.26.75 : Comp. “-ότερονMen.Mon.659, etc.: Sup. “-όταταPlb.1.72.3. [ι_ in Hom. and Ep.; ι^ freq. in Trag., as A.Pers.473, Ag.970, S.Aj.500, E. Hec.772, and in Theoc.8.74 : ι therefore is not long by nature as in μικρός.]
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (61):
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