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θνῄσκω (with ι IG2.2477.7, 10,2494, Ἀρχ.Ἐφ.1910.73;
A.“θνείσκ-” IG 2.4040b; [“ἀποθν]ήισκειν” Pl.Phdr. in PPetr.1p.18 (iii B.C.), but “θνήσκω” Did. ap. EM452.29, freq. in codd.), Aeol. θναίσκω Hdn.Gr.2.79, Dor. θνᾴσκω Sammelb.6754.22 (iii B.C.): fut. “θα^νοῦμαι” Simon.85.9, S.Ant. 462, etc.; Ep. inf. “-έεσθαι” Il.4.12; later “θνήξομαι” AP9.354 (Leon.), Polyaen.5.2.22 codd.: aor. 2 ἔθα^νον, Ep. “θάνον” Od.11.412, al.; inf. Ep. and Ion. θανέειν, as always in Hom., exc. Il.7.52, “θανέμεν” Pi.P.4.72: pf. “τέθνηκα” Il.18.12, etc.; subj. “τεθνήκω” Th.8.74: plpf. “ἐτεθνήκειν” Antipho 5.70, Lys.19.48; 3pl. “-ήκεσαν” And.1.52: short forms of pf., 3dual “τέθνα^τον” X.An.4.1.19, 1pl. “τέθνα^μεν” Pl.Grg.493a, 3pl. “τεθνᾶσι” Il.22.52, etc.; 3pl. plpf. “ἐτέθνα^σαν” Antipho 5.70, And.1.59, X.HG6.4.16; imper. “τέθνα^θι” Il.22.365, “τεθνάτω” 15.496, IG12.10, Pl. Lg.933e, etc.; opt. “τεθναίην” Il.18.98, etc.; inf. τεθνάναι [α^] Semon. 3, Hdt.1.31, Ar.Ra.1012, Pl.Com.68, Th.8.92, etc., τεθνᾶναι dub.l. in Mimn.2.10, A.Ag.539; Ep. τεθνάμεναι, -άμεν, Il.24.225, 15.497, etc.; Aeol. “τεθνάκην” Sapph.2.15; part. “τεθνεώς” Hdt.9.120, Ar.Av. 476, etc., fem. “τεθνεῶσα” Lys.31.22, D.40.27 (“τεθνηκυῖα” Hippon.29, E. Or.109), neut. “τεθνεός” Hdt.1.112, Hp.Nat.Mul.32 (“τεθνηκός” Pl.Phd. 71d, pl. “τεθνεῶτα” 72c); gen. τεθνεῶτος, etc., Hdt.5.68, etc. (once in Hom., dat. “τεθνεῶτι” Od.19.331); poet. τεθνεότος Archel. ap. Antig. Mir.89, Q.S.7.65; Dor. “τεθνα^ότα” Pi.N.10.74; Ep. τεθνηώς (v.l. -ειώς) Il.17.161, “-ηυῖα” Od.4.734, (κατα-) 11.141; gen. “τεθνηῶτος” Il.9.633, etc.; also “τεθνηότος” 17.435, Od.15.23, al. [τεθνεῶτι is trisyll. Od.19.331, “τεθνεώτων” E.Supp.272 (hex.): disyll. forms are written in later Gr., nom. “τεθνώς” BCH18.438 (Argilus); gen. sg. “τεθνῶτος” SIG799.13 (Cyzicus, i A.D.); dat. sg. “τεθνῶτι” Papers of the Amer. School 3.334 (Pisid.); fem. τεθνώσῃ (and gen. pl. τεθνήτων) Ath.Mitt. 50.134（Macedonia); acc. pl. fem. “τεθνώσας” Babr.45.9]: from τέθνηκα arose fut. “τεθνήξω” Ar.Ach.325, A.Ag.1279 (censured as archaic by Luc.Sol.7), later “τεθνήξομαι” Diogenian.Epicur.1.28, 3.52, Luc.Pisc. 10, Ael.NA2.46; part. “τεθνηξόμενος” Lib.Ep.438.7.—The simple Verb is regularly used in early Prose in pf. and plpf.; for pres., fut., and aor. the compd. ἀποθνῄσκω is substituted: θνῄσκει v.l. in Hp. Mul.1.9, “σάρκες θνῄσκουσι” Art.69, “ἔθνῃσκον” Th.2.47, al., θνῃσκόντων ib.53, “θνῄσκοι” Pl.Phd.72d, “θνῄσκομεν” Epicur.Ep.1p.20U.: aor. part. θανών, subj. θάνῃ, IG12(5).593.2,20,23 (Iulis, v B.C.), Berl.Sitzb. 1927.166 (Cyrene), Phld.Herc.1649.4: aor. inf. θανεῖν ib.1418.13:—in pres. and impf., die, as well of natural as of violent death; in aor. and pf., to be dead (cf. τί τοὺς θανὅντας οὐκ ἐᾷς τεθνηκέναι; Eup.12.3 D.; “τέθνηκ᾽ ἔγωγε πρὶν θανεῖν κακῶν ὕπο” E.Hec.431), “θανεῖν καὶ πότμον ἐπισπεῖν” Il.7.52, etc.; ζωὸς ἠὲ θανών alive or dead, Od.4.553, cf. 15.350; “ἦ ἤδη τέθνηκε” 4.834; “ὡς ἄμεινον εἴη τεθνάναι μᾶλλον ἢ ζώειν” Hdt.1.31, cf. 7.46; “τεθνάναι κρεῖττον ἤ . . ” D.9.65, cf. 10.25; “ἄξιος τεθνάναι” Ar.Ra. 1012, etc.; τεθνάτω let him be put to death, IG12.10.29; ἄτιμος τεθ. Lex ap.D.9.44: freq. in part., “νέκυος πέρι τεθνηῶτος” Il.18.173; νεκρὸν . . τεθνηῶτα a dead corpse, Od.12.10; οἱ τεθνηκότες, οἱ θανόντες, the dead, E.Hec.278, Eup. l.c., etc.; “οὔτε τεθνεῶτα οὔτε ζῶντα” Hdt.4.14; οἴχεται θανών (v. οἴχομαι）; θανὼν φροῦδος (v. φροῦδος）“; θανόντι συνθανεῖν” S.Tr.798,Fr.953, cf. E.Supp.1007(lyr.); ὁ θανών, opp. ὁ κτανών, S. Ph.336: pres. with pf. sense, θνῄσκουσι γάρ, for τεθνήκασι, Id.OT 118, cf. E.Hec.695 (lyr.),Ba.1041 (lyr.), etc.
2. used like a pass. Verb, χερσὶν ὑπ᾽ Αἴαντος θανέειν to fall by his hand, Il.15.289; “θ. ὑπό τινος” Pl.Ep.329c, Arist.HA625a16; “ἔκ τινος” Pi.P.4.72, S.OT1454; πρός τινος ib.292, E.Hec.773; “θεοῖς τέθνηκε” S.Aj.970: freq. c. dat. instrumenti, θ. χερί, δορί, Id.OC1388, A.Th.959(lyr.); “φαρμάκοισι” E. Fk.464; also “ἐν βρόχῳ” A.Ch.558; τεθνάναι τῷ δέει, τ. τῷ φόβῳ, c. acc., to be in mortal fear of, D.4.45, 19.81, cf. Arr.An.7.9.4; “προοίμιον σκοτεινὸν καὶ τεθνηκὸς δειλίᾳ” Aeschin.2.34; θ. ἐπί τινι to die leaving one as heir, Luc.DMort.7.1.
II. metaph., of things, perish, “θνᾴσκει σιγαθὲν καλὸν ἔργον” Pi.Fr.121; “ἐσλῶν ὑπὸ χαρμάτων πῆμα θνᾴσκει . . δαμασθέν” Id.O.2.19; “λόγοι θνῄσκοντες μάτην” A.Ch.846; “θ. πίστις” S. OC611; “τὸ τρύβλιον τέθνηκέ μοι” Ar.Ra.986 (lyr.): in Prose, “τέθνηκε τὸ τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας μισεῖν” D.19.289; “τεθνηκός τι φθέγξασθαι” D.C.40.54; “τεθνηκὸς ὁρᾶν” Callistr.Stat.14; τὸ τεθνηκὸς ὁ λίθος ὑπεδύετο ib.2.
Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by. Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1940.

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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (88):
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