Perseus.thus, as, so that, since
A. ADVERB of Manner, either ὥς (with accent) Demonstr. so, thus, Lat. sic;— or ὡς (without accent) Relat. as, Lat. ut. B. ὡς, as CONJUNCTION. C, D. various usages.
A.of Manner:
I.ὥς, Demonstr. = οὕτως, so, thus, Lat. sic, Hom., Hdt.; rare in attic:— καὶ ὥς, even so, nevertheless, οὐδ᾽ ὥς, μηδ᾽ ὥς, not even so, in no wise, Hom., Soph.
3.thus, for instance, Od.
II.ὡς, Relat., as, Lat. ut, first in Hom.; οὕτως ὡς, Lat. sic ut; but the antec. is often omitted: similes are commonly introduced by ὡς ὅτε, ὡς δ᾽ ὅτε, where ὅτε often seems superfluous, ἤριπε δ᾽, ὡς ὅτε πύργος [ἤριπε] Il.:—this ὡς takes the accent at the end of a clause or when it follows the word dependent on it; θεὸς δ᾽ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ Il.; οἱ δὲ φέβοντο, βόες ὥς Od.
2.according as, where the relat. Pron. ὅσος might stand, as ἑλὼν κρέας ὥς (i. e. ὅσον) οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον id=Od.; σοὶ θεοὶ πόροιεν ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω Soph.
3.parenthetically, to qualify a general statement, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, ὡς ἔοικε, etc., as it seems; often with γε or γοῦν added, ὡς γοῦν as at any rate:—these phrases become elliptical, ὡς ἐμοί or ὥς γ᾽ ἐμοί (sc. δοκεῖ); ὡς ἀπ᾽ ὀμμάτων (sc. εἰκάσαι) to judge by eyesight, Soph.;—also, ὡς Λακεδαιμόνιος (sc. ὤν) considering he was a Lacedaemonian, Thuc.; ὡς γυνή as a woman, like a very woman, Soph.: —so ὡς is attached to the Object of the Verb, συμπέμψας αὐτὸν ὡς φύλακα (sc. εἶναι) having sent him with them as a guard, Hdt.; ὡς ἐπὶ φρυγανισμόν as if for collecting fuel, Thuc.
III.to limit or augment the force of Adverbs: ὡς ἀληθῶς as of a truth, i. e. in very truth, Plat.; also after Adverbs expressing anything extraordinary, θαυμαστῶς or θαυμασίως ὡς, ὑπερφυῶς ὡς, v. sub vocc.:—also with the Sup., like ὅ τι and ὅπως, ὡς μάλιστα, = Lat. quam maxime, ὡς ῥᾷστα, = quam facillime; ὡς τάχιστα, = quam celerrime, Hdt., etc.:—in the phrases ὡς τὸ πολύ, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ Plat.; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος id=Plat.
B.ὡς, as CONJUNCTION:
I.with Substantive Clauses, for ὅτι, Lat. quod, that, expressing a fact, μηκέτ᾽ ἐκφοβοῦ, ὥς σε ἀτιμάσει Soph., etc.
II.ὡς with Final Clauses, that, in order that, Lat. ut; ὡς, and ὡς ἄν, epic ὥς κεν, being used, like other Final Conjunctions, with the subj. after the principal tenses of the ind., and with the opt. after the past tenses: cf. ἵνα B, ὅπως B.
2.with past tenses of the ind. to express an event that is past, and therefore impossible, τί μ᾽ οὐκ ἔκτεινας, ὡς ἔδειξα μήποτε . . ; so that I never should . . , Soph.
3.ὡς c. inf., to limit an assertion, ὡς εἰπεῖν so to say, Lat. ut ita dicam, Hdt.; ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, etc.; ὡς εἰκάσαι to make a guess, i. e. probably, id=Hdt.
III.just like ὥστε c. inf., so that, Lat. adeo ut, ita ut, εὖρος ὡς δύο τριήρεας πλέειν ὁμοῦ in breadth such that two triremes could sail abreast, id=Hdt.
IV.Causal, like ὅτι or ἐπεί, as, inasmuch, as, since, Lat. quia, quandoquidem, τί ποτε λέγεις; ὡς οὐ μανθάνω Soph.
V.Temporal, for ὅτε, ἐπεί, when, Lat. ut, ἐνῶρτο γέλως, ὡς ἴδον laughter arose among them, when they saw, Il.; with opt., to express a repeated action, whenever, ὡς ἀπίκοιτο Hdt.
2.ὡς seems to be used for ἕως or ἔστε, so long as, while, ὡς ἂν αὑτὸς ἥλιος αἴρῃ Soph.:—in later Gr. = ἕως, while, NTest.
VI.= ὅπως, how, like Lat. ut for quomodo, μερμήριζε, ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήσειε Il.;—so, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὡς nowise can it be that, Soph.; οἶσθ᾽ ὡς ποίησον, by a mixture of constructions for ὡς χρὴ ποιῆσαι, id=Soph.; v. *εἴδω B. 5.
VII.Local, for ὅπου, where, Theocr.
C.some special usages:
I.with Participles, to give the reason or motive of the action expressed by the Verb, if, as, διαβαίνει, ὡς ἀμήσων τὸν σῖτον Hdt.
2.with Participles in the case of the Object, λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας they speak of us as dead, Aesch.
3.with Participles put absolutely, ἐρώτα ὅ τι βούλει, ὡς τἀληθῆ ἐροῦντος (i. e. πιστεύων με ἐρεῖν) Xen., etc.
II.so also before Prepositions, ἀνήγοντο ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν (i. e. ὡς ναυμαχήσοντες) Thuc.; πλεῖς ὡς πρὸς οἶκον Soph.; ὡς ἐκ κακῶν ἐχάρη Hdt.
III.the Preps. εἰς, ἐπί, came to be omitted, and ὡς itself appears to be used as a prep. c. acc., but only c. acc. pers., τὸν ὅμοιον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὅμοιον god brings like to like, Od.; ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύσαντο Thuc.
D.ὡς, before independent sentences:
I.ὡς as an emphatic exclamation, how, as Lat. ut for quam, ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχες how silly a heart hadst thou! Il.; ὡς ἀγαθόν Od.; ὡς ἀστεῖος ὁ ἄνθρωπος how charming he is! Plat.
2.when it is joined to a Verb, its force extends to the whole sentence, ὥς ὑπερδέδοικά σου how greatly do I fear for thee, Soph.
3.it also denotes a quick succession of events, ὡς ἴδεν, ὥς μιν Ἔρως φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν how he saw, how did Love encompass his heart, i. e. he saw and straightway Love . . , Il.; ὡς ἴδον, ὡς ἐμάνην, ὥς μευ περὶ θυμὸς ἰάφθη Theocr.; (so Virgil ut vidi, ut perii, ut me malus abstulit error).
II.ὡς to express a wish, like εἴθε, Lat. utinam, oh that! with the opt. ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος Od.; ὡς μὴ θάνοι oh that he might not die! id=Od.
E.ὡς with Numerals marks that they are to be taken only as a round number, as it were, about, nearly, σὺν ἀνθρώποις ὡς εἴκοσι Xen.; παῖς ὡς ἑπταετής some seven years old, Plat.
F.ὡς in some Elliptical Phrases:
