I.a contending, striving, a combat, strife, contest, etc. (in good prose, most freq. in Cic.).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.: “jam ludi publici sint corporum certatione, cursu, etc.,” Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38; cf. id. ib. 2, 9, 22; Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 4: “certationes xysticorum,” Suet. Aug. 45.—
B. Esp., a military contest, a fight (very rare), Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 196, 1.—
II. Trop.: Medea nequaquam istuc istac ibit: magna inest certatio, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 25, 65 (Trag. Rel. v. 304 Vahl.): “relinquitur non mihi cum Torquato sed virtuti cum voluptate certatio,” Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 44: “haec inter eos (amicos) fit honesta certatio,” id. Lael. 9, 32: “ingenia exercere certationibus,” Vitr. 2, 1, 3.—Of a judicial contest: “haec est iniqua certatio,” Cic. Quint. 22, 73: “non par,” id. ib. 21, 68; hence: per populum multae poenae certatio esto, Lex ap. Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 8.—So in the lang. of political life: “certatio multae,” a public discussion concerning a punishment to be inflicted, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 8 (cf. id. 25, 3, 13).
