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grădus , ūs (archaic
I.gen. sing. graduis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 17; dat. gradu, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. remeligines, p. 276 Müll.), m. kindr. with Sanscr. kram, to go; v. gradior, a step, pace (cf.: gressus, passus, incessus).
I. Lit.: “ad hanc conversionem, quae pedibus et gradu non egeret, ingrediendi membra non dedit,Cic. Univ. 6: quaenam vox ex te resonans meo gradu remoram facit? Lucil. l. l.: gradum proferre pedum, Enn. ap. Fest. S. V. PEDUM, p. 249, a Müll. (Trag. v. 248 Vahl.): quo nunc incerta re atque inorata gradum Regredere conare? id. ap. Non. 166, 23 (Trag. v. 12 Vahl.): “gradum facere,Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249: “tollere gradum,Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: “ad forum suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi,Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 27: “quieto et placido gradu sequi,Phaedr. 2, 7, 6; cf.“, on the contrary: celeri gradu Eunt uterque,Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 22: “ut tu es gradibus grandibus,id. Ep. 1, 1, 11: “citato gradu in hostem ducere,Liv. 28, 14, 17: “concito gradu properare,Phaedr. 3, 2, 11: “gradum celerare,to hasten, Verg. A. 4, 641: so, “corripere,Hor. C. 1, 3, 33: “addere,Liv. 26, 9, 5: “sistere,Verg. A. 6, 465: “sustinere,Ov. F. 6, 398: “revocare,Verg. A. 6, 128: “referre,Ov. F. 5, 502: “vertere,Stat. Th. 8, 138 et saep.: “peditum aciem instructam pleno gradu in hostem inducit,at full pace, at a quick step, Liv. 4, 32, 10; 34, 15, 3; 34, 16, 2; cf.: militari gradu viginti milia passuum horis quinque dumtaxat aestivis conficienda sunt; “pleno autem gradu, qui citatior est, totidem horis XXIV. milia peragenda sunt,Veg. 1, 9: “modico gradu,Liv. 30, 5, 3: presso gradu, = βάδην, with measured step, a moderate pace, id. 28, 14, 14: “citato gradu,id. 28, 14, 17; Trebon. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 2: non gradu, sed praecipiti cursu a virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum, step by step, = gradatim, Vell. 2, 1, 1: “per gradus,Ov. M. 2, 354.—
II. Transf.
A. In milit. and gladiator's lang., station, position, ground taken by a combatant: “obnisos vos (velim) stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere,Liv. 6, 12, 8; cf. Tac. H. 2, 35: “de gradu libero ac stabili conari,Liv. 34, 39, 3: “in suo quisque gradu obnixi, urgentes scutis, sine respiratione ac respectu pugnabant,id. 8, 38, 11: “inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere,Ov. M. 9, 43: “hostes gradu demoti,Liv. 6, 32, 8 Drak. N. cr.; for which: “turbare ac statu movere,id. 30, 18, 4.—
2. Trop., a firm position or stand: “corda virum mansere gradu,” i. e. firm, steadfast, Sil. 16, 21: “fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis, nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur,to let one's self be disconcerted, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80; cf.: “dejectus de gradu,id. Att. 16, 15, 3: motus gradu, Sen. Const. Sap. 19: “gradu depulsus,Nep. Them. 5, 1; cf.: “nam si gradum, si caritatem filii apud te haberem,Liv. 40, 9, 3.—
B. That on which one steps, a step or round of a ladder, a stair.
1. Lit. (usu. in plur.): quemadmodum scalarum gradus si alios tollas, alios incidas, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3: “haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nituntur gradibus,Verg. A. 2, 443: “gradus templorum,Cic. Att. 4, 1, 5: “gradus ejusdem templi tollebantur,id. Sest. 15, 34; cf.: “aerea cui (templo) gradibus surgebant limina,Verg. A. 1, 448; Vell. 2, 3, 1: “pro Palatii gradibus,Suet. Ner. 8; id. Vit. 15: “praeceps per gradus ire,id. Calig. 35: “si gradibus trepidatur ab imis,Juv. 3, 200.—
b. Transf., of things that rise by steps.
(α). In hair-dressing, a braid of hair: “caput in gradus atque anulos comptum,Quint. 12, 10, 47: “comam in gradus frangere,id. 1, 6, 44; cf.: “coma in gradus formata,Suet. Ner. 51.—
(β). In econom. lang., a spit or such a depth of earth as can be dug at once with the spade, Col. 3, 13, 19; 4, 1, 3.—
(γ). In math., a degree of a circle, Manil. 1, 579.—
(δ). In veterin. lang., a wrinkle on the roof of a horse's mouth, Veg. Vet. 1, 2; 32; 4, 2.—
2. Trop., a step, degree in tones, in age, relationship, rank, etc. (equally common in sing. and plur.): “ille princeps variabit et mutabit, omnes sonorum tum intendens tum remittens persequetur gradus,Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. id. de Or. 3, 61, 227: “ab ima ad summam (vocem) ac retro multi sunt gradus,Quint. 11, 3, 15; cf. Vulg. Psa. 119 Tit. et saep.: “Paulatim gradus aetatis scandere adultae,Lucr. 2, 1123; cf.: “quod tanta penuria est in omni vel honoris vel aetatis gradu, ut, etc.,Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 3; so, “aetatis,Vell. 2, 36, 2; Quint. 3, 7, 15; Suet. Aug. 79; id. Tit. 3 al.: “unus gradus et una progenies,Lact. 2, 10, 10: “nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est, totidemque gradus distamus ab illo,Ov. M. 13, 143; cf.: “a matre Magnum Pompeium artissimo contingebat gradu,Suet. Aug. 4; id. Ner. 2: “qui (populus) te tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit,Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28: “gradus dignitatis,id. Rep. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 1, 27 fin.—Sing.: “ex tam alto dignitatis gradu,Cic. Lael. 3, 12 fin.: “gradus altior, altissimus, amplissimus, dignitatis,id. Clu. 55, 150; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; id. Mur. 14, 30; cf. also id. ib. 27, 55: “summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenere et dignitatis et gratiae,id. Planc. 13, 32: “a senatorio gradu longe abesse,id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61; cf.: “ascendens gradibus magistratuum,id. Brut. 81, 281.—Without gen.: “etenim quis est civis praesertim hoc gradu, quo me vos esse voluistis, tam oblitus beneficii vestri, etc.,id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; id. Ac. 2, 2, 6: “omni gradu amplissimo dignissimus,id. Fam. 6, 10, 2: “gradus officiorum,id. Off. 1, 45, 160: “temporum servantur gradus,id. Part. 4, 12: cf.: “non iidem erunt necessitudinum gradus qui temporum,id. Off. 1, 18, 59: “gradus cognationis,Dig. 38, 10, 1 sqq.: “v. de gradibus,Paul. Sent. 4, 11, 1-8: “agnationis,Gai. Inst. 3, 10, 11: “si plures eodem gradu sint agnati,Ulp. Fragm. 26, 5: cognati ex transverso gradu usque ad quartum gradum, i. e. collateral kindred (opp. parentes et liberi), id. ib. 5, 6: “gradus plures sunt societatis hominum,id. ib. 1, 17, 53: “peccatorum gradus,id. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 172: “oratorum aetates et gradus,id. Brut. 32, 122; cf.: “gradus et dissimilitudines Atticorum,id. ib. 82, 285: “accendendi judicis plures sunt gradus,Quint. 11, 3, 166; 6, 4, 67: nec gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus; “Illa domus meritis Maxima dicta suis,Ov. F. 1, 605: “si ita esset, quid opus erat te gradatim istuc pervenire? . . . A beatis ad virtutem, a virtute ad rationem video te venisse gradibus,Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 89; cf.: “omnes gradus virtutis implere,Lact. 5, 14, 18; and: “hi plerumque gradus,Juv. 11, 46.
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hide References (82 total)
  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (82):
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 12.16.2
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 3.11.3
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 6.10.2
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 6.7.3
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 16.15.3
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 4.1.5
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 7.23.2
    • Cicero, Against Catiline, 1.11.28
    • Cicero, Philippics, 1.6.14
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.2.3
    • Cicero, On the Agrarian Law, 2.15.38
    • Cicero, For Plancius, 13.32
    • Cicero, For Aulus Cluentius, 55.150
    • Cicero, For Lucius Murena, 14.30
    • Cicero, For Sestius, 15.34
    • Cicero, Philippics, 6.7.18
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4, 32.10
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 13.143
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 4.59
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 9.43
    • Plautus, Trinummus, 3.1
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 2.443
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 4.641
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 1.448
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 6.128
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 6.465
    • Old Testament, Psalm, 119
    • Suetonius, Divus Augustus, 4
    • Suetonius, Divus Augustus, 79
    • Suetonius, Divus Titus, 3
    • Vitruvius, On Architecture, 3.3
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 2.354
    • Tacitus, Historiae, 2.35
    • Plautus, Bacchides, 3.6
    • Plautus, Epidicus, 1.1
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.61
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 3.61
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 2.1123
    • Suetonius, Caligula, 35
    • Suetonius, Nero, 2
    • Suetonius, Nero, 51
    • Suetonius, Nero, 8
    • Suetonius, Vitellius, 15
    • Cornelius Nepos, Themistocles, 5.1
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 27, 6.17
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 28, 14.17
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 30, 18.4
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 30, 5.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 8, 38
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 28, 14.14
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 26, 9.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6, 12.8
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6, 32.8
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6, 35.2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 40, 9.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 34, 15.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 34, 39.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6, 42.2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 34, 16.2
    • Cicero, De Republica, 1.27
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 1.32
    • Cicero, De Amicitia, 3
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.18
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.23
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.45
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 3, 6.8
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 3, 7.15
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 1, 6.44
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 6, 4.67
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 11, 3.15
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 11, 3.166
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 12, 10.47
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 29
    • Statius, Thebias, 8
    • Columella, Res Rustica, 4.1.3
    • Cicero, Brutus, 81.281
    • Cicero, Orator, 18.59
    • Cicero, Orator, 64.216
    • Ovid, Fasti, 1
    • Ovid, Fasti, 5
    • Ovid, Fasti, 6
    • Cicero, Timaeus, 6
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