Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary

I.gen. ējus (old form eiius, C. I. L. 3, 1365 et saep.; v. Prisc. 1, 4, 18, p. 545; “also etius,” ib. 2, 1276 al.; “scanned ĕius,” Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 60; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 3, 374; “also Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 109: eius, monosyl.,” Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 7 et saep.; dat. ĕï, in ante-class. poetry often ēi, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 46; Lucr. 2, 1136; 5, 300: “eiei, C. I. L. 1, 198, 12 al.: eei,” Inscr. Neap. 2423: “iei, C. I. L. 1, 205, col. 2, 12 al.: ei, monosyl.,” Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 68; id. Trin. 1, 2, 138 et saep.; Cat. 82, 3; cf. Prisc. 7, 5, 21, p. 740; Lachm. ad Lucr. 3, 374: “eo,” Inscr. Murat. 582; f. eae, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 77 Ritschl; Cato, R. R. 46, 1; v. Varr. L. L. 8, 28, 51; acc. im for eum, Lex ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60; Charis. 1, 17, p. 107 sq.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 103; also em, Tab. XII., tab. 1, fr. 1.— Plur. nom. m. ĕi, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 32; id. Stich. 1, 3, 47; Ter. Ad. prol. 23; but in the MSS. ii; Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 87 et saep.: “eei,” Inscr. Neap. 2423, 8: iei, C. I. L. 1, 185; Varr. L. L. 9, 1, 2 al.; “but ī,” Plaut. Trin. prol. 17; id. Mil. 3, 1, 158 al.; v. Ritschl prol. p. 98; gen. eum for eorum, Inscr. Murat. 582, 2; dat. and abl. eīs or iīs, also īs, C. I. L. 1, 198, 48; Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 140, and freq. in MSS.: “eis, monosyl.,” Ter. And. 1, 1, 36; id. Eun. 5, 8, 59 al.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 4, 934: ieis, C. I. L. 1, 204, col. 1, 5 al.; “old form also ībus,” Plaut. Mil. 1, 74; id. Truc. 1, 2, 17: ĭbus, Titin. et Pomp. ap. Non. p. 486; Lucr. 2, 88; cf. S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2; v. Lachm. l. l.; f. eābus, Cato, R. R. 152; cf. Prisc. 7, 3, 11, p. 733; v. more on these forms, Neue, Formenl. 2, 191-196), pron. demonstr. [root i-; Sanscr. itas; hence, i-ha, here; cf. i-bi, i-ta, i-dem, etc.].

I. He, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing.

A. Referring to something already mentioned, in gen.

1. Referring to the third person: “fuit quidam senex Mercator: navem is fregit apud Andrum insulam: Is obiit mortem,” Ter. And. 1, 3, 16: “venit mihi obviam tuus puer: is mihi litteras abs te reddidit,” Cic. Att. 2, 1, 1: “objecit ut probrum nobiliori, quod is, etc.,” id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3.—

2. Of the first person: “ego me credidi Homini docto rem mandare: is lapidi mando maxumo,” Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 47: “haec omnia is feci, qui sodalis Dolabellae eram,” Cic. Fam. 12, 14; Sen. Ep. 63 al. —

3. Of the second person: “qui magister equitum fuisse tibi viderere, is per municipia cucurristi,” Cic. Phil. 2, 30.—

B. Esp.

1. In connection with a noun: “ea re, quia turpe sit, faciendum non esse,” Cic. Off. 3, 13: “ea res ut est Helvetiis enuntiata, etc.,” Caes. B. G. 1, 4: “ne ob eam rem tribueret, etc.,” id. ib. 1, 13: “flumen est Arar ... id flumen, etc.,” id. ib. 1, 12: sub id tempus, Liv. 43, 5: “ejus disputationis sententias memoriae mandavi,” Cic. Lael. 1, 3: “ante eam diem,” id. Att. 2, 11, 2: “ea tempestate,” Sall. C. 36, 4: “quam urbem is rex condidit,” Plin. 6, 17, 21, § 61.—

2. When is, ea, id would stand in the same case with the relative it is usually omitted; when the relative precedes, it is sometimes employed for emphasis: “male se res habet, cum, quod virtute effici debet, id temptatur pecuniā,” Cic. Off. 2, 6, 22. —

3. Connected with que and quidem, it gives prominence to a preceding idea: “cum una legione eaque vacillante,” and that, Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 31: “inprimis nobis sermo isque multus de te fuit,” id. Att. 5, 1, 3: “tuus dolor humanus is quidem, sed, etc.,” id. ib. 12, 10: “vincula et ea sempiterna,” id. Cat. 4, 4, 7: “certa flagitiis merces, nec ea parva,” id. Phil. 2, 18, 44.—

4. It is sometimes used instead of the reflexive pronoun: “Helvetii persuadent Rauracis, ut una cum iis (for secum) proficiscantur,” Caes. B. G. 1, 5: “Caesar etiam privatas injurias ultus est, quod ejus soceri avum Tigurini interfecerant,” id. ib. 1, 12. —

5. It is sometimes placed, for greater emphasis, after a relative: “multitudinem, quae fortunis vestris imminebat, eam ... se fecisse commemorat, ut, etc.,” Cic. Mil. 35, 95; cf.: “urbem novam conditam vi et armis, jure eam legibusque de integro condere parat,” Liv. 1, 19, 1.—

C. Id, n., to designate an idea in the most general manner, that (thing, fact, thought, circumstance, etc.).

1. In gen.: “quando verba vana ad id locorum fuerint, rebus standum esse,” hitherto, till now, Liv. 9, 45, 2; so, “ad id (sc. tempus),” id. 3, 22: “ad id diei,” Gell. 17, 8: “ad id quod natura cogeret, i. e. death,” Nep. Att. 22, 2: “id temporis,” at that time, Cic. Mil. 10, 28; id. Cat. 4, 1, 10: id. Att. 13, 33: “id aetatis,” at that age, id. de Or. 1, 47; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 91.—

2. Esp.

(α). Id, therefore, for that reason, on that account: “id ego gaudeo,” Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3: “id misera maesta est,” Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 66: “idne estis auctores mihi?” do you advise me to that? Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 16.—

(β). Id genus = ejus generis, Gell. 9, 12, 13: “aliquid id genus scribere,” Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3.—

(γ). Ad id, for that purpose: “ad id quod sua quemque mala cogebant, evocati,” Liv. 3, 7, 8: ad id quod = praeterquam quod, besides that: “consul ad id, quod, etc., tunc quoque, etc.,” id. 44, 37, 12; 3, 62, 1; 26, 45, 8 al.—

(δ). In id, to that end, on that account, therefore: “in id fide a rege accepta,” Liv. 28, 17.—（ε) In eo est, it is gone so far, is at that pass: “quod ad me de Lentulo scribis, non est in eo,” it is not come to that, is not so, Cic. Att. 12, 40: “cum jam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles,” when the soldiers were just on the point of scaling the walls, Liv. 2, 17, 5; 28, 22, 8; Nep. Milt. 7, 3: in eo est, also, it consists in that, depends upon that: “totum in eo est tectorium, ut sit concinnum,” Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1, § 1: “ejus omnis oratio versata est in eo, ut, etc.,” id. de Or. 1, 57, 254: “sic velim enitare quasi in eo mihi sint omnia,” id. Fam. 15, 14.— (ζ) Ex eo, from that, hence: “sed tamen ex eo, quod eam voluptatem videtur amplexari saepe vehementius, etc.,” Cic. Fin. 2, 9. — (η) Cum eo, ut (with subj.), with the condition or stipulation that, etc., Liv. 8, 14.— (θ) Eo, adverbially, with the comp., so much, by so much; but frequently to be expressed in English by the, Cic. Quint. 9; so id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5.—

D. Sometimes is refers to the foll. substantive, instead of to the preceding relative: “quae vectigalia locasset, ea rata locatio (for eorum),” Liv. 23, 11: “ea libera conjectura est (for de hac re),” id. 4, 20: “quae pars major erit, eo stabitur consilio (for ejus),” id. 7, 35: “existit ea, quae gemma dicitur,” Cic. de Sen. 15.—Sometimes, for emphasis, it is placed before the relative quod, to represent a thought or clause: “ratus, id quod negotium poscebat, Jugurtham venturum,” Sall. J. 56, 1; id. C. 51, 20: “sive ille hoc ingenio potuisset, sive, id quod constaret, Platonis studiosus audiendi fuisset,” Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 89: “si nos, id quod debet, nostra patria delectat,” id. ib. 1, 44, 196: “si, id quod facile factu fuit, vi armisque superassem,” id. Sest. 17, 39; 13, 30; so, “id quo,” id. Inv. 1, 26, 39: “id de quo,” Liv. 21, 10, 9. — It is thus apparently pleonastic after substantives: Octavio Mamilio—is longe princeps Latini nominis erat ...—ei Mamilio filiam nuptum dat, Liv. 1, 49, 9: “cultrum, quem habebat, eum defigit,” id. 1, 58, 11; cf. id. 3, 58, 1.—It is rarely pleonastic after the relative: “quod ne id facere posses, idcirco dixeram,” Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 79 dub. (B. and K. bracket id). —

II. He, she, it; that man or the man (woman, thing), the one, that one, as a correlative to qui: “si is, qui erit adductus,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89, § 207: “is mihi profecto servus spectatus satis, Cui dominus curae est,” Ter. Ad. 5, 6, 5. And also in the first person: “haec tibi scribo ... is, qui flevi,” Sen. Ep. 1.—

III. Such, of such a sort, character, or quality: “in eum jam rediit locum, ut, etc.,” Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 118: “neque enim tu is es, qui, quid sis, nescias,” Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 6; 4, 7, 2: “itaque ego is in illum sum, quem tu me esse vis,” id. Att. 7, 8, 1: “is eram natus ... ut potuerim,” Liv. 7, 40, 8.—Adj.: “nec tamen eas cenas quaero, ut magnae reliquiae fiant,” Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8; id. Clu. 70: “quae causae sunt ejus modi, ut de earum jure dubium esse non possit,” id. de Or. 1, 57, 241: “est enim credo is vir iste, ut civitatis nomen sua auctoritate sustineat,” id. Fl. 15, 34. —

B. Such, so great, of so high a degree: “L. Mescinius ea mecum consuetudine conjunctus est, quod mihi quaestor fuit,” Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 1.—Hence, advv.

1. ĕā (sc. parte, viā, etc.), on that side, by that way, there: “quod eā proxime accedi poterat,” Cic. Caecin. 8, 21: “itinera muniit: effecit ut eā elephantus ornatus ire posset, quā antea, etc.,” Nep. Ham. 3 fin.: “postquam comperit, transitum eā non esse,” Liv. 21, 32, 9; 5, 43, 2; 24, 2 fin.; 26, 11 fin.; 27, 15 fin. al. —

2. ĕō , v. 2. eo.