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pār , păris (collat. form of the
I.nom. fem. paris, Atta ap. Prisc. p. 764 P.—Abl. pari and pare, acc. to Charis. p. 14 P.; Prisc. p. 763 ib.; the latterpoet.Gen. plur. usu. parĭum; parum, acc. to Plin. ap. Charis. p. 110 P.), adj. cf. Sanscr. para, another, and prae, equal (cf.: aequus, similis).
I. Lit.: “par est, quod in omnes aequabile est,Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 67: “par et aequalis ratio,id. Or. 36, 123: “aequo et pari jure cum civibus vivere,id. Off. 1, 34, 124: “vita beata ... par et similis deorum,id. N. D. 2, 61, 153: “est finitimus oratori poëta ac paene par,id. de Or. 1, 16, 70: “pari atque eādem in laude aliquem ponere,id. Mur. 9, 21: “intelleges de hoc judicium meum et horum par et unum fuisse,id. Sull. 2, 5: “pares in amore atque aequales,id. Lael. 9, 32: “libertate esse parem ceteris,id. Phil. 1, 14, 34: verbum Latinum (voluptas) par Graeco (ἡδονή) et idem valens, id. Fin. 2, 4, 12: “pares ejusdem generis munitiones,of equal size, Caes. B. G. 7, 74: “similia omnia magis visa hominibus, quam paria,Liv. 45, 43: “pares similesque (affectus),Sen. Ira, 1, 19 et saep.: “quod in re pari valet, valeat in hac, quae par est ... valeat aequitas, quae paribus in causis paria jura desiderat,Cic. Top. 4, 23: “si ingenia omnia paria esse non possunt: jura certe paria debent esse eorum inter se, qui sunt cives in eādem re publicā,id. Rep. 1, 32, 49: “necesse est eam esse naturam, ut omnia omnibus paribus paria respondeant,id. N. D. 1, 19, 50; id. Fam. 5, 2, 3: “equites Ariovisti pari intervallo constiterunt,Caes. B. G. 1, 43: “hi (equites), dum pari certamine res geri potuit, etc.,” i. e. horsemen against horsemen, id. B. C. 1, 51.— Poet., with a respective gen. or inf.: “aetatis mentisque pares,Sil. 4, 370: “et cantare pares et respondere parati,Verg. E. 7, 5.—
(β). The thing with which the comparison is made is most freq. added in the dat.: “quem ego parem summis Peripateticis judico,Cic. Div. 1, 3, 5: “in his omnibus par iis, quos antea commemoravi,id. Clu. 38, 107: “omni illi et virtute et laude par,id. Planc. 11, 27: “isti par in belligerando,id. Font. 12, 26: “par anseribus,as large as, Juv. 5, 114: “prodigio par,” i. e. extremely rare, id. 4, 97.—In sup.: “QVOIVS FORMA VIRTVTEI PARISVMA FVIT, Epit. of the Scipios,Inscr. Orell. 550: “parissumi estis hibus,Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 20.—Adverb. (colloq. and very rare): “feceris par tuis ceteris factis,Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 3.—
(γ). With gen. (with this case par is treated as a substantive; rare but class.), an equal, counterpart, etc.: “ei erat hospes, par illius, Siculus, etc.,his counterpart, Plaut. Rud. prol. 49: cujus paucos pares haec civitas tulit, Cic. Pis. 4, 8: “quem metuis par hujus erat,Luc. 10, 382: “ubique eum parem sui invenies,Front. Ep. ad Amic. 1, 6: “vestrae fortitudinis,Phaedr. 4, 15, 6.—
(δ). With abl. (rare): “scalas pares moenium altitudine, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 253 Lindem.: in quā par facies nobilitate suā,Ov. F. 6, 804.—(ε) With cum (class.): “non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae condicionem subire,Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7: “ut enim cetera paria Tuberoni cum Varo fuissent, etc.,id. Lig. 9, 27: “quem tu parem cum liberis tuis regnique participem fecisti,Sall. J. 14, 9 (cited ap. Arus. Mess. p. 253 Lindem.; but in Cic. Phil. 1, 14, 34, read parem ceteris). —(ζ) With inter se (class.): “sunt omnes pares inter se,Cic. Par. 1, 2, 11; id. de Or. 1, 55, 236.—(η) With et, atque (ac) (class.): “cum par habetur honos summis et infimis,Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 53: “omnia fuisse in Themistocle paria et Coriolano,id. Brut. 11, 43: “tametsi haudquaquam par gloria sequatur scriptorem et auctorem rerum,Sall. C. 3, 2: “quos postea in parem juris libertatisque condicionem atque ipsi erant, receperunt,Caes. B. G. 1, 28; so with atque, id. ib. 5, 13, 2: “si parem sapientiam hic habet ac formam,Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: “neque mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3: “in quo offensae minimum, gratia par, ac si prope adessemus,Sall. J. 102, 7.—(θ) The object of comparison is sometimes not expressed: “cui repugno, quoad possum, sed adhuc pares non sumus,” i.e. not equal to the task, able, Cic. Att. 12, 15: “pari proelio,indecisive, Nep. Them. 3, 3: “pares validaeque miscentur,Tac. G. 20: “cum paria esse coeperunt,Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 6: “si periculum par et ardor certaminis eos irritaret,Liv. 24, 39, 6.—
B. In partic.
1. Equal to, a match for any one in any respect: “quibus ne di quidem immortales pares esse possint,Caes. B. G. 4, 7 fin.: qui pares esse nostro exercitu (dat.) non potuerint, id. ib. 1, 40, 7; cf.: “ille, quod neque se parem armis existimabat, et, etc.,Sall. J. 20, 5: “non sumus pares,not on an equality, Juv. 3, 104: “exime hunc mihi scrupulum, cui par esse non possum,Plin. Ep. 3, 17, 2: “habebo, Q. Fabi, parem, quem das, Hannibalem,an opponent, adversary, Liv. 28, 44: “inter pares aemulatio,Tac. A. 2, 47: “ope Palladis Tydiden Superis parem,Hor. C. 1, 6, 15.—
2. Equal in station or age, of the same rank, of the same age (syn. aequalis): “ut coëat par Jungaturque pari,Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 25: “si qua voles apte nubere, nube pari,Ov. H. 9, 32; Petr. 25, 5.—Prov.: “pares vetere proverbio cum paribus facillime congregantur,” i. e. birds of a feather flock together, Cic. Sen. 3, 7.—
3. Par est, it is fit, meet, suitable, proper, right.
(β). Ut par est (erat, etc.; “class.): ita, ut constantibus hominibus par erat,Cic. Div. 2, 55, 114: “ut par fuit,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 10. —*
4. Par pari respondere, or par pro pari referre, to return like for like, of a'repartee: “par pari respondet,Plaut. Truc. 5, 47; id. Merc. 3, 4, 44; id. Pers. 2, 2, 11; cf.: “paria paribus respondimus,Cic. Att. 6, 1, 23: “ut sit unde par pari respondeatur,id. ib. 16, 7, 6: “par pro pari referto, quod eam mordeat,Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55 Fleck., Umpfenb., cited ap. Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19 (Bentl. ex conject. par, pari; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 281, ed. 5).—
5. Paria facere, to equalize or balance a thing with any thing, to settle, pay (post-Aug.): “cum rationibus domini paria facere,to pay. Col. 1, 8, 13; 11, 1, 24. —
(β). Trop.: “cum aliter beneficium detur, aliter reddatur, paria facere difficile est,to return like for like, to repay with the same coin, Sen. Ben. 3, 9, 2: denique debet poenas: non est quod cum illo paria faciamus, repay him, id. Ira, 3, 25, 1: “nihil differamus, cotidie cum vitā paria faciamus,settle our accounts with life, id. Ep. 101, 7; Plin. 2, 86, 88, § 202; so, “parem rationem facere,Sen. Ep. 19, 10.—
6. Ludere par impar, to play at even and odd, Hor. S. 2, 3, 248: August. ap. Suet. Aug. 71 fin.
7. Ex pari, adverb., in an equal manner, on an equal footing (post-Aug.): “sapiens cum diis ex pari vivit,Sen. Ep. 59, 14.
II. Transf., subst.
A. pār , păris, m., a companion, comrade, mate, spouse: “plebs venit, et adcumbit cum pare quisque suo,Ov. F. 3, 526: “jungi cum pare suā,id. ib. 3, 193: “edicere est ausus cum illo suo pari, quem omnibus vitiis superare cupiebat, ut, etc.,Cic. Pis. 8, 18.—Esp., a table companion, = όμόκλινος: “atque ibi opulentus tibi par forte obvenerit,Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 68 Brix ad loc.: “cedo parem quem pepigi,id. Pers. 5, 1, 15 (v. also I. A. γ. supra).—
B. pār , păris, n., a pair: “gladiatorum par nobilissimum,Cic. Opt. Gen. Or. 6, 17: “ecce tibi geminum in scelere par,id. Phil. 11, 1, 2: “par nobile fratrum,Hor. S. 2, 3, 243: “par columbarum,Ov. M. 13, 833: “par mularum,Gai. Inst. 3, 212: “par oculorum,Suet. Rhet. 5: “tria aut quatuor paria amicorum,Cic. Lael. 4, 15: “scyphorum paria complura,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 47: “paria (gladiatorum) ordinaria et postulaticia,Sen. Ep. 7, 3: pocula oleaginea paria duo, Lab. Dig. 32, 1, 30. Hence, adv.: părĭter , equally, in an equal degree, in like manner, as well.
(δ). With et ... et: “pariterque et ad se tuendum et ad hostem petendum,Liv. 31, 35: “pariter et habitus et nomina edocebuntur,Quint. 1, 1, 25; Ov. M. 11, 556.—(ε) With dat. (in late poets, and once in Liv.): “pariter ultimae (gentes) propinquis, imperio parerent,the remotest as well as the nearest, Liv. 38, 16; Stat. Th. 5, 121; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 166.—* (ζ) With qualis: “pariter suades, qualis es,Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 37. —
B. In partic.
1. Like simul, of equality in time or in association, at the same time, together: “nam plura castella Pompeius pariter, distinendae manūs causā, tentaverat,at the same time, together, Caes. B. C. 3, 52: “pariter decurrere,Liv. 22, 4, 6: “ut pariter et socii rem inciperent,id. 3, 22, 6; 10, 5, 7; 26, 48 fin.; cf.: “plura simul invadimus, si aut tam infirma sunt, ut pariter impelli possint, aut, etc.,Quint. 5, 13, 11; so, “pariter multos invadere,id. 5, 7, 5: “pariter ire,id. 1, 1, 14; 1, 12, 4; Tac. H. 4. 56; Plin. 26, 8, 40, § 66.—
(δ). With dat. (poet.), Stat. Th. 5, 122: “pariterque favillis Durescit glacies,Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 165.—
2. In order to give greater vivacity to the expression, reduplicated: pariter ... pariter, as soon as (poet. and in post-Aug prose): “hanc pariter vidit, pariter Calydo nius heros Optavit,Ov. M. 8, 324; Plin. Ep. 8, 23 fin.
3. In like manner, likewise, also: “pariterque oppidani agere,Sall. J. 60, 1: “postquam pariter nymphas incedere vidit,Ov. M. 2, 445.
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (128):
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 1.9.19
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 5.2.3
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 12.15
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 6.1.23
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    • Vergil, Aeneid, 1.572
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    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 14
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 60
    • Lucan, Civil War, 10.382
    • Cornelius Nepos, Themistocles, 3.3
    • Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 26.66
    • Pliny the Younger, Epistulae, 3.17.2
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    • Pliny the Younger, Epistulae, 8.23
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 28, 44
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 45, 43
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 3, 22.6
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 24, 39
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 22, 4
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 10, 21.14
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 10, 5.7
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 27, 17.6
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 31, 35
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    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 1, 1.14
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 1, 12.4
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 1, 1.25
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 5, 13.11
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 5, 7.5
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    • Ovid, Fasti, 3
    • Ovid, Fasti, 6
    • Cicero, De Inventione, 2.22
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