I.since now, since then, since, seeing that, because, whereas (quoniam gives a ground or reason, quod and quia give the determining cause or reason).
I. With indic., stating a fact: quoniam significat non solum id quod quia, sed etiam id quod postquam, hac scilicet de causā, quod Graeci ἐπεί, utriusque significationem obtinet, Fest. p. 261 Müll.: “quoniam ambo nos delusistis,” Plaut. As. 3, 3, 121; id. Aul. prol. 9: “quoniam quidem circumventus inimicis praeceps agor,” Sall. C 31, 9; id. J. 85, 44; 31, 21: “quoniam ad hunc locum perventum est,” Caes. B. G. 6, 11; 7, 50: “quam me stultitiam (quoniam non est genus unum) Insanire putas?” Hor. S. 2, 3, 301: “quoniam ita tu vis,” Cic. Planc. 33, 82: “quapropter, quoniam res in id discrimen adducta est,” id. Phil. 3, 11, 29; Verg. E. 2, 55.—
II. With subj. (introducing a reason conceived by the mind, or given by another person): “quoniam civitati consulere non possent,” Caes. B. G. 5, 3; 1, 35; 6, 1: “quoniam magna sequatur ubertas,” Plin. 11, 14, 14, § 34; so Nep. Milt. 7, 5; id. Eum. 9, 6: “quoniam tam propinqua sint castra,” id. ib. 6, 40; 7, 72; Caes. B. C. 1, 72.—