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spĕcĭes , ēi (
I.gen. sing. specie or specii, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14, 15; gen. and dat. plur. were not in use in Cicero's time, but formarum, formis were used instead; cf. Cic. Top. 7, 30.—At a later period were introduced: “specierum,Pall. Oct. 14, 15; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, § 151; cf. Charis. p. 18 P.; and Diom. p. 281 P.: “speciebus,App. ad Asclep. p. 92, 25; Cod. Just. 11, 9, 1 al.; Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 10), f. specio.
I. Act., a seeing, sight, look, view (rare; cf. “aspectus): speciem quo vortimus,Lucr. 4, 242; so id. 4, 236 (for which, a little before, visus); 5, 707; 5, 724; Vitr. 3, 2 fin.; 5, 9: “si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere,id. 9, 4: “qui sensus nostros specie primā acerrime commovent,Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98: “qui doloris speciem ferre non possunt,id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—
II. Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. the outward appearance, outside, exterior; shape, form, figure, mien, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. forma).
2. Something seen, a spectacle, sight, appearance: “ponite itaque ante oculos miseram quidem illam ac flebilem speciem,Cic. Phil. 11, 3: “non tulit hanc speciem furiatā mente Coroebus,Verg. A. 2, 407 (cf. I. supra).—
B. In partic.
1. A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext, etc. (opp. that which is real, actual, etc.).
b. Esp. with gen. of that which is assumed or pretended, under pretext of, under pretence of, etc.
(δ). With in: “si quis in speciem refectionis (viae) deteriorem viam facit,Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 2.—Adverb.: in speciem, for a show, as a pretence: “haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio,Liv. 24, 1, 8: “dilatā in speciem actione, re ipsā sublatā,id. 3, 9, 13; so, “ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,Caes. B. C. 2, 35 fin.; id. B. G. 1, 51; Quint. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18 al.
2. Also with gen.: in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like (cf. tamquam; poet.): “inque chori ludunt speciem,Ov. M. 3, 685: “in montis speciem curvari,id. ib. 15, 509; cf.: “scorpiones vermiculos ovorum specie pariunt,Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.—
C. Transf.
1. Concr. (for simulacrum, i. q. εἴδωγον).
b. A likeness, image, statue: tum species ex aere vetus concidit ... Et divum simulacra peremit fulminis ardor ... Sancta Jovis species ... Haec tardata diu species tandem celsā in sede locata, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 21.—
3. The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species: “species pars est generis,App. Asclep. p. 78, 26: “harum singula genera minimum in binas species dividi possunt, etc.,Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3; cf.: “genus est id, quod sui similes communione quādam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes,Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189: “primum illud genus quaerimus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt ... Homo species est, ut Aristoteles ait, canis species: commune his vinculum animal,Sen. Ep. 58, 7; Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; id. L. L. 10, § 18; Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 40; id. Or. 10, 33; id. Top. 18, 68; Quint. 3, 6, 26; 3, 10, 2; 5, 10, 90 al.: codicillis multas species vestis, argenti specialiter reliquit, many kinds or sorts, Dig. 34, 2, 19; cf. ib. 41, 1, 7.—
b. In later jurid. lang., a special case: “proponitur apud eum species talis: Sutor puero discenti cervicem percussit, etc.,Dig. 9, 2, 5 fin.; 31, 1, 85.—
c. In late Lat., goods, wares (that are classed together; cf. assortment); “publicae,Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10: “annonariae,ib. 11, 73, 3: “vendenda sit species,” i. e. wine, Pall. Oct. 14, 3.—Esp., spices, drugs, etc., Macr. S. 7, 8 med.; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7; Pall. Oct. 14 fin.
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (90):
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