I.comp. ulterior, us; sup. ultimus) [cf.: uls, ollus, olim; and the advv. ultra, ultro], prop. that is beyond or on the other side. The posit. is not found, but the comp. and sup. are very freq.
I. Comp.: ultĕrĭor , ĭus, farther, on the farther side, that is beyond, ulterior: “quis est ulterior?” Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 10: “quorum alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,” i. e. transalpine, Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36: “Gallia,” id. Att. 8, 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 7: “portus,” id. ib. 4, 23: “Hispania,” Suet. Caes. 7; 18; 56: “pars urbis,” Liv. 34, 20, 5: “ripa,” Verg. A. 6, 314; Vell. 2, 107, 1: “ulterius medio spatium sol altus habebat,” Ov. M. 2, 417.—
B. As subst.
1. ul-tĕrĭōres , um, m. (sc. homines), the more remote, or more distant persons, those beyond: “cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,” Caes. B. G. 6, 2: recurritur ex proximis locis; “ulteriores non inventi,” Liv. 3, 60, 7: “proximi ripae neglegenter, ulteriores exquisitius,” Tac. G. 17.—
2. ultĕrĭōra , um, n. (sc. loca or negotia).
(α).
Of places, the more remote parts or regions, the districts beyond: “Mosellae pons, qui ulteriora coloniae annectit,” Tac. H. 4, 77.—
(β).
In gen., of things, that which is beyond, things beyond, farther, or in addition; things future: “ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi,” Tac. H. 4, 8: “ut dum proxima dicimus, struere ulteriora possimus,” things beyond, what is to come, Quint. 10, 7, 8; cf.: “pudor est ulteriora loqui,” Ov. F. 5, 532; id. A. A. 3, 769: “semper et inventis ulteriora petit,” id. Am. 2, 9, 10.—
3. Rarely sing.: ultĕrĭus , ōris, n., something more, any thing further: “cujus (fero, tuli) praeteritum perfectum et ulterius non invenitur,” Quint. 1, 6, 26.—
II. Sup.: ultĭmus , a, um, that is farthest beyond, i. e. the farthest, most distant, most remote, the uttermost, extreme, last; often to be rendered as a subst., the farthest or most distant part of any thing, etc. (opp. to citimus, while extremus is opp. to intimus).
A. Lit., of space: “illa minima (luna) quae ultima a caeio, citima terris luce lucebat alienā,” Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16: “partes,” id. ib. 6, 20, 20: “in ultimam provinciam se conjecit,” id. Att. 5, 16, 4: “devehendum in ultimas maris terrarumque oras,” Liv. 21, 10, 12: “orae,” Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 3; Hor. C. 3, 3, 45; Liv. 5, 37, 2: “campi,” Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 95: “Hesperia,” Hor. C. 1, 36, 4: “Africa,” id. ib. 2, 18, 4: “Geloni,” id. ib. 2, 20, 18: “in plateā ultimā,” Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 15: “in ultimis aedibus,” Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29: “spelunca draconis,” Phaedr. 4, 18, 3: “cauda,” i. e. the end of, Plin. 9, 5, 4, § 11: “mors ultima linea rerum est,” Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 79.—
2. Subst.
(α).
ultĭmi , ōrum, m. (sc. homines), the farthest or most remote people: “recessum primis ultimi non dabant,” Caes. B. G. 5, 43.—
(β).
ultĭma , ōrum, n. (sc. negotia), the farthest or most remote things: “praeponens ultima primis,” Hor. S. 1, 4, 59: “ultima signant,” the goal, Verg. A. 5, 317.—
(γ).
Rarely sing.: ultĭmum , i, n., the last, the end: “caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultimum mundi est,” Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91.—
B. Transf.
1. Of time or order of succession, the remotest, earliest, oldest, first; the last, latest, final: “ultimi et proximi temporis recordatio,” Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 43: “tam multis ab ultimā antiquitate repetitis,” id. Fin. 1, 20, 65: “tempora,” id. Leg. 1, 3. 8: “initium,” Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14: “principium,” Cic. Inv. 2, 2, 5: “memoria pueritiae,” id. Arch. 1, 1: “memoria saeculorum,” Just. 12, 16, 3: “vetustas hominum,” id. 2, 1, 20: “sanguinis auctor,” Verg. A. 7, 49: “ultima quid referam?” Ov. H. 14, 109: scilicet ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini est, last, id. M. 3, 135: “aetas est de ferro,” id. ib. 1, 127: “vox,” id. ib. 3, 499: “dicta,” id. ib. 9, 126: “lapis,” i. e. a gravestone, Prop. 1, 17, 20: cerae, i. e. a last will, testament, Mart. 4, 70, 2: “aetas,” Quint. 12, 4, 2: “senectus,” id. 11, 1, 10: “virtute pares, necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis,” Liv. 4, 28, 5: “decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum senatus consultum,” Caes. B. C. 1, 5. —As subst.: ultĭma , ōrum, n.: “perferto et ultima exspectato,” final events, the end, Cic. Fam. 7, 17, 2: “ultima vitae,” Calp. Ecl. 3, 91.—Rarely sing.: “matrem ultimo aetatis affectam,” Aus. Vict. Or. Gent. Rom. 10.—Adverb.: “si fidem ad ultimum fratri praestitisset,” to the last, Liv. 45, 19, 17; 3, 64, 8; 3, 64, 11; also (more freq.) at last, lastly, finally, = ad extremum, ad postremum, postremo: “si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset,” Liv. 1, 53, 10; 5, 10, 8; 3, 10, 3: “ne se ad ultimum perditum irent,” id. 26, 27, 10; so, “ultimo,” Suet. Ner. 32 fin.; Petr. 20, 139; “and, ultimum,” for the last time, Liv. 1, 29, 3; Curt. 5, 12, 8; App. M. 2, p. 126.—
2. Of degree or rank, and denoting the highest as well as the lowest extreme of either.
a. The utmost, extreme, the highest, first, greatest, = summus, extremus: “summum bonum, quod ultimum appello,” Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30: “ultimae perfectaeque naturae,” id. N. D. 2, 12, 33: “ut absit ab ultimis vitiis ipse praeceptor ac schola,” Quint. 2, 2, 15: “ultimae causae cur perirent, etc.,” Hor. C. 1, 16, 18: “scelus,” Curt. 5, 12, 17: “rex ad ultimum periculum venit,” id. 7, 6, 22: “facinus,” id. 8, 8, 2; 6, 3, 13; 6, 9, 11: “necessitas,” id. 9, 12, 6; Liv. 2, 43, 3; 3, 4, 9; Sen. Clem. 1, 12, 5: “ad ultimam inopiam adducere,” Liv. 6, 3, 4; 37, 31, 2: “ad ultimos casus servari,” id. 27, 10, 11: “dedecus,” Curt. 9, 5, 11: “exsecrationes,” Just. 24, 2, 8: ultimum supplicium, extreme (i. e. capital) punishment, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; so, “poena,” Liv. 3, 58, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8: “desperatio,” Tac. H. 2, 48; 2, 44; Curt. 10, 8, 9; Liv. 42, 66, 1; Sen. Contr. 4, 29, 2: “discrimen ultimum vitae et regni,” Liv. 37, 53, 16; 23, 21, 2: “ad ultimam perductus tristitiam,” Petr. 24.—Esp., as subst.: ultĭ-ma , ōrum, n.: “omnia ultima pati,” every extremity, the worst, Liv. 37, 54, 2: “ultima pati,” Ov. M. 14, 483; id. Tr. 3, 2, 11; Curt. 3, 1, 6: “ultima audere,” Liv. 3, 2, 11: “priusquam ultima experirentur,” id. 2, 28, 9.—Rarely sing.: “paene in ultimum gladiorum erupit impunitas,” Vell. 2, 125, 2: “ad ultimum inopiae adducere,” to the last degree. Liv. 23, 19, 2; 31, 38, 1: “ad ultimum periculi pervenire,” Curt. 8, 1, 15.—Trop.: “ut in pecude, nisi quae vis obstitit, videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,” Cic. N. D. 2, 13, 35.—Adverb.: “ad ultimum pro fide morituri,” Curt. 3, 1, 7: “consilium sceleratum, sed non ad ultimum demens,” in the extreme, utterly, to the last degree, Liv. 28, 28, 8.—
b. The lowest, meanest (very rare): “qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae,” Vell. 1, 11, 1: “principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est,” Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35: ultima sit laudes inter ut illa tuas, Auct. Cons. ad Liv. 17: “ultima pistoris illa uxor,” the worst, App. M. 9, p. 224, 26.—Subst.: “ut vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certaret (consul),” Liv. 34, 18, 5: “in ultimis laudum,” id. 30, 30, 4: “in ultimis ponere,” the lowest, meanest things, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91.
