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[767]

Notes on the Union and Confederate armies.

In a statistical exhibit of deaths in the Union Army, compiled, (1885), under the direction of Adjutant-General Drum, by Joseph W. Kirkley, the causes of death are given as follows: Killed in action, 4142 officers, 62,916 men; died of wounds received in action, 2223 officers, 40,789 men, of which number 99 officers and 1973 men were prisoners of war; died of disease, 2795 officers and 221,791 men, of which 83 officers and 24; 783 men were prisoners; accidental deaths (except drowned), 142 officers and 3972 men, of which 2 officers and 5 men were prisoners; drowned, 106 officers and 4838 men, of which 1 officer and 6 men were prisoners; murdered, 37 officers and 483 men; killed after capture, 14 officers and 90 men; committed suicide, 26 officers and 365 men; executed by United States military authorities, 267 men; executed by the enemy, 4 officers and 60 men; died from sunstroke, 5 officers and 308 men, of which 20 men were prisoners; other known causes, 62 officers and 1972 men, of which 7 officers and 312 men were prisoners; causes not stated, 28 officers and 12,093 men, of which 9 officers and 2030 men were prisoners. Total, 9584 officers and 349,944 men, of which 219 officers and 29,279 men were prisoners. Grand aggregate, 359,528; aggregate deaths among prisoners, 29,498. Since 1885 the Adjutant-General has received evidence of the death in Southern prisons of 694 men not previously accounted for, which increases the number of deaths among prisoners to 30,192, and maks a grand aggregate of 360,222.

comparative statement of the number of men furnished Tiie United States Army and Navy, and of the deaths in the Army, 1861-5.

States, territories, etc. Men furnished. Aggregate of deaths.
White troops. Sailors & marines. Colored troops. Total.
Alabama 2,576     2,576 345
Arkansas 8,289     8,289 1,713
California 15,725     15,725 573
Colorado 4,903     4,903 323
Connecticut 51,937 2,163 1,764 55,864 5,354
Dakota 206     206 6
Delaware 11,236 94 954 12,284 882
Dist. of Columbia 11,912 1,353 3,269 16,534 290
Florida 1,290     1,290 215
Georgia         15
Illinois 255,057 2,224 1,811 259,092 34,834
Indiana 193,748 1,078 1,537 196,363 26,672
Iowa 75,797 5 440 76,242 13,001
Kansas 18,069   2,080 20,149 2,630
Kentucky 51,743 314 23,703 75,760 10,774
Louisiana 5,224     5,224 945
Maine 64,973 5,030 104 70,107 9,398
Maryland 33,995 3,925 8,718 46,638 2,982
Massachusetts 122,781 19,983 3,966 146,730 13,942
Michigan 85,479 498 1,387 87,364 14,753
Minnesota 23,913 3 104 24,020 2,584
Mississippi 545     545 78
Missouri 100,616 151 8,344 109,111 13,885
Nebraska 3,157     3,157 239
Nevada 1,080     1,080 33
New Hampshire 32,930 882 125 33,937 4,882
New Jersey 67,500 8,129 1,185 76,814 5,754
New Mexico 6,561     6,561 277
New York 409,561 35,164 4,125 448,850 46,534
North Carolina 3,156     3,156 360
Ohio 304,814 3,274 5,092 313,180 35,475
Oregon 1,810     1,810 45
Pennsylvania 315,017 14,307 8,612 337,936 33,183
Rhode Island 19,521 1,878 1,837 23,236 1,321
Tennessee 31,092     31,092 6,777
Texas 1,965     1,965 141
Vermont 32,549 619 120 33,288 5,224
Virginia         42
Washington 964     964 22
West Virginia 31,872   196 32,068 4,017
Wisconsin 91,029 133 165 91,327 12,301
Indian Nations       13,530 1,018
Colored Troops     99,337 299,337 336,847
  2,494,592 101,207 178,975 2,778,304  
Veteran Reserve Corps 1,672
U. S. Veteran Volunteers (Hancock's Corps) 106
U. S. Volunteer Engineers and Sharp-shooters 552
U. S. Volunteer Infantry 243
General and general staff-officers, U. S. Volunt'rs 239
Miscellaneous U. S. Volunt'rs (brigade bands, etc.) 232
Regular Army 5,798
Grand aggregate 4359,528

notes to the adjoining table.

Figures in the column of deaths, opposite names of States, represent only such as occurred among white troops (losses among colored troops and Indians being given at the foot of the table). The table does not indicate losses among sailors and marines.

The colored soldiers organized under the authority of the General Government and not credited to any State were recruited as follows: In Alabama, 4969; Arkansas, 5526; Colorado, 95; Florida, 1044; Georgia, 3486; Louisiana, 24,052; Mississippi, 17,869; North Carolina, 5035; South Carolina, 5462; Tennessee, 20,133; Texas, 47; Virginia, 5723.

There were also 5896 negro soldiers enlisted at large, or whose credits are not specifically expressed by the records.

The number of officers and men of the Regular Army among whom the casualties herein noted occurred is estimated at 67,000; the number in the Veteran Reserve Corps was 60,508; and in Hancock's Veteran Corps, 10,883.

The other organizations of white volunteers, organized directly by tlhe U. S. authorities, numbered about 11,000.

In 82 national cemeteries (according to the report of June 30th, 1888) 325,230 men are buried: 176,397 being known, and 148,833 unknown dead. These numbers include 1136 at Mexico City, most of whom lost their lives in the Mexican war; about 9500 Confederates; and about 8500 civilians. [768]

On the 13th of April, 1865, the Secretary of War ordered the enrollment discontinued. The work of mustering out volunteers began April 29th, and up to August 7th 640,806 troops had been discharged; on September 14th the number had reached 741,107, and on November 15th 800,963.

On November 22d, 1865, the Secretary of War reported that Confederate troops surrendered and were released on parole, as follows:

Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General R. E. Lee 27,805
Army of Tennessee and others, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston 31,243
General Jeff. Thompson's Army of Missouri 7,978
Miscellaneous paroles, Department of Virginia 9,072
Paroled at Cumberland, Maryland, and other stations 9,377
Paroled by General Edward M. McCook in Alabama and Florida 6,428
Army of the Department of Alabama, General Richard Taylor 42,293
Army of the Trans-Mississippi Department, General E. Kirby Smith 17,686
Paroled in the Department of Washington 3,390
Paroled in Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas 13,922
Surrendered at Nashville and Chattanooga, Tennessee 5,029
 
  174,223

The following table, made from official returns, shows the whole number of men enrolled (present and absent) in the active armies of the Confederacy:

  Jan. 1, 1862. Jan. 1, 1863. Jan. 1, 1864. Jan. 1, 1865.
Army of Northern Va 84,225 144,605 92,050 155,772
Dep't of Richmond   7,820 8,494 16,601
Dep't of Norfolk 16,825      
Dep't of the Peninsula 20,138      
Dep't of Fredericksb'g 10,645      
Dep't of N. C 13,656 40,821 9,876 5,187
Dep't of Miss. and E. La. 4,390 73,114 46,906 32,148
Dep't of S. C. and Ga 40,955 27,052 65,005 53,014
Dep't of Pensacola 18,214      
Dep't of N. Orleans 10,318      
Dep't of the Gulf   10,489 17,241 12,820
Western Dep't 24,784      
Army of Tenn   82,799 88,457 86,995
Dep't of Ky 39,565      
Dep't of East Tenn   18,768 52,821  
Dep't of Northwest 4,296      
Dep't of Western Va   10,116 18,642 7,138
Trans-Miss. Dep't 530,000 650,000 73,289 770,000
Aggregate 318,011 465,584 472,781 439,675

Very few, if any, of the local land forces, and none of the naval, are included in the tabular exhibit. If we take the 472,000 men in service at the beginning of 1864, and add thereto at least 250,000 deaths occurring prior to that date, it gives over 700,000. The discharges for disability and other causes and the desertions would probably increase the number (inclusive of the militia and naval forces) to over 1,000,000.

Northern writers have assumed that the Confederate losses equaled the Union losses; no data exist for a reasonably accurate estimate.

Fort Sumter at the close of the War. From a sketch made at the time.

the end.

1 Indians.

2 Number not credited to any State.

3 Includes losses in all colored organizations excepting three regiments from Massachusetts whose deaths aggregated 574.

4 Increased by additional evidence since 1885 to 360,222.

5 Estimated.

6 Estimated.

7 Estimated.

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