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Maryland,

One of the United States, on the central Atlantic coast, lies wholly north of the Potomac River, which, forming the boundary-line that separates it from West Virginia and Virginia, gives the State a peculiar form. The State varies in width from about 5 miles near the West Virginia line to 120 along the Chesapeake Bay, which cuts the State into two parts. On the east it is bounded by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean. It is limited in latitude by 37° 53′ to 39° 42′ N., the northern limit being the famous Mason and Dixon line, marking its division from Pennsylvania. In longitude it is limited by 75° 2′ to 79° 30′ W. Area, 12,210 square miles, in twenty-four counties. Population, 1890, 1,042,390; 1900, 1,188,044. Capital, Annapolis.

Maryland is included in the grant of King James of England to the South Virginia colony......April 10, 1606

Capt. John Smith leaves Jamestown to explore the Chesapeake Bay, and discovers the mouths of the Susquehanna, Northeast, Elk, and Sassafras rivers at its head......July-August, 1608

Maryland included in the second charter to Virginia, which covered land from Point Comfort along the coast north for 200 miles, and south the same distance, and “from sea to sea” (Atlantic to the Pacific)......May 23, 1609

Royal license given to William Claiborne, one of the council and secretary of state of the colony in Virginia, by King Charles to trade in all seas and lands in those parts of the English possessions in America for which there is not already a patent granted, and giving Claiborne power “to direct and govern” such of the King's subjects “as shall be under his command in his voyages and discoveries,” ......May 16, 1631

Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, obtains from King Charles the promise of a grant of land now Maryland, but dies before charter is executed......April 15, 1632

Cecilius Calvert, Baron of Baltimore in the Kingdom of Ireland, son of Lord Baltimore, receives from King Charles a grant covering territory hitherto unsettled, having for its southern boundary the Potomac from its source to its mouth, the ocean on the east, and Delaware Bay as far north as the 40th parallel, following that parallel to the meridian of the fountain of the Potomac......June 20, 1632

Virginians objecting to the grant to Lord Baltimore, the King refers their petition to the privy council, who decides “That the Lord Baltimore should be left to his patent, and the other parties to the course of law” ......July 3, 1633

Colony sent out from Cowes in the Isle of Wright by Lord Baltimore, under his brother Leonard Calvert, to settle in Maryland, arrives off Point Comfort, Va.......Feb. 24, 1634

At Point Comfort, Governor Calvert has an interview with Claiborne, in which he intimates that certain settlements of the [380] latter on the Isle of Kent, in Chesapeake Bay, would be considered as a part of the Maryland plantation. After the governor had explored the Potomac as far as Piscataway Creek he returns to St. George's River, and, sailing up about 12 miles to the Indian town of Yoamaco, makes a treaty with the tribe, and sends for the colonists, who arrive, take peaceable possession, and name the place St. Mary's......March 27, 1634

Colony export a cargo of Indian corn to England......1635

First legislative Assembly at St. Mary's......Feb. 26, 1635

Claiborne, having threatened the colony at St. Mary's, grants a warrant to Ratcliffe Warren to “seize and capture any vessel belonging to the colony.” Warren fits out a pinnace, with which he attacks two armed pinnaces fitted out at St. Mary's and under the command of Thomas Cornwallis, and engages in a battle in the Pocomoke, or Wicomoco River, which results in the death of Warren and victory for the colony......April or May, 1635

Lord Baltimore commissions Governor Calvert to call an assembly to signify to the colony his dissent to laws made by the Assembly in 1635, and propounding others for their assent......April 15, 1637

Governor commissions George Evelyn as commander of the Isle of Kent now subjected to Maryland......Dec. 30, 1637

Assembly, including representatives from the Isle of Kent, considers laws offered by the lord proprietor. They reject them and frame others, which when sent to England Lord Baltimore rejects. Assembly meets......Jan. 25, 1638

By reference from the King and proclamation in Virginia, the claim of Claiborne to the Isle of Kent and Palmer's Island is rejected in favor of Lord Baltimore......April 4, 1638

Lord Baltimore finally gives assent to the right of the Assembly to originate laws......August, 1638

Assembly meets at St. Mary's and enacts laws for the government of the province......March 19, 1639

Order executed by the governor and council to equip an expedition against the Indians of the eastern shore and the Susquehannocks......May 28, 1639

Nicholas Hervey commissioned to invade the territory of the Maquantequat Indians......Jan. 3, 1640

Petition of Claiborne to the governor and council to restore his property in the Isle of Kent denied......Aug. 21, 1640

Act regulating measures, and adopting the Winchester bushel as the standard......1641

Governor Calvert, returning to England, appoints Giles Brent lieutenant-general, admiral, chief magistrate, and commander of Maryland in his absence......April 11, 1643

Governor Brent issues a proclamation for arresting the person and seizing the ship of Richard Ingle, to answer the charge of treason in instigating a rebellion against the government in Maryland. Ingle arrested, but makes his escape......January, 1644

So-called “Ingle's and Claiborne's rebellion” occurs in Maryland. Of this rebellion little is known, except the destruction of the great seal of the province at St. Mary's in February, 1645, and the appointment of Edward Hill as governor in the absence of Governor Calvert, who fled from the parliamentary party, probably to Virginia. At the restoration of the authority of Lord Baltimore, 1646, the insurrectionists carried away or destroyed most of the records and public papers of the province......1644-46

Governor Calvert organizes a military force in Virginia and proceeds to St. Mary's, and regains that part of his province......1646

First mention made in the legislative journal of the upper and lower Houses of Assembly......1647

Recovering the Isle of Kent, Governor Calvert pardons all the inhabitants, and appoints Robert Vaughan chief captain and commander of the militia and civil governor......April 18, 1647

Governor Calvert nominates Thomas Greene as his successor......June 9, 1647

Miss Margaret Brent, administratrix of Governor Calvert, asks from the Assembly a vote in the House for herself, and another as attorney for Lord Baltimore; refused......January, 1648

New “great seal” for the province of Maryland sent over by Lord Baltimore......Aug. 12, 1648

Governor Greene removed by Lord Baltimore, and William Stone, of Virginia, [381] “a zealous Protestant, and generally knowne to have beene always zealously affected to the Parliament,” appointed......1648

Tolerance act, the first securing religious liberty ever passed by an established legislature, provides that “no person professing to believe in Jesus Christ shall from henceforth be any waies troubled, molested, or discountenanced for, or in respect of, his or her religion, nor in the free exercise thereof within this province ...nor any way compelled to the beleefe or exercise of any other religion against his or her consent” ......April, 1649

Assembly grants Lord Baltimore power to seize and dispose of any lands purchased of any Indian, unless the purchaser could show a lawful title thereto from his lordship under the great seal......1649

Mr. Durand, elder of a Puritan or Independent church founded in Virginia in 1642 (from Massachusetts), and which was broken up and driven out by that government, obtains permission of the lord proprietary's government to settle with his people at Providence or Anne Arundel, now Annapolis......1649

Commission granted by Lord Baltimore to Robert Brooke, as commander of a county (Charles) “around about and next adjoining to the place which he should settle,” on the south side of the Patuxent, with a colony he was transporting to Maryland......Sept. 20, 1649

During the temporary absence of Governor Stone, Thomas Greene, the deputy governor, proclaims Charles II. King, and grants a general pardon......Nov. 15, 1649

Settlement at Providence organized into a county called Anne Arundel......July 30, 1650

Act passed by the Assembly punishing by death and confiscation of property any compliance with Claiborne in opposition to Lord Baltimore's dominion over the province......1650

A rumor of the dissolution or resignation in England of Lord Baltimore's patents leads the Puritans of Anne Arundel to refuse to send any burgesses or delegates to the General Assembly at St. Mary's when summoned......1651

Council of state in England appoints three officers of the navy, together with Richard Bennett and William Claiborne, of Virginia, a commission to “use their best endeavors to reduce all the plantations upon the bay of Chesapeake to their due obedience to the Parliament and Commonwealth of England” ......Sept. 20, 1651

Numerous hostilities in the past having greatly reduced the Indian tribes in Maryland, Lord Baltimore grants a tract of land at the head of Wicomoco River, containing 8,000 or 10,000 acres, to be known as Calverton Manor, to be reserved for the Indians......1651

Commissioners proceed to Maryland and engage Governor Stone and the rest of Lord Baltimore's officers to “submit themselves to the government of the Commonwealth of England” ; thus taking the control from Lord Baltimore......March, 1652

By proclamation of the commissioners Governor Stone is reinstated as governor of Maryland, which he assumes “until the pleasure of the state of England be known” ......June 28, 1652

Treaty with the Susquehannock Indians at the river of Severn, ceding their lands from the Patuxent River to Palmer's Island on the west side of the Chesapeake Bay, and from Choptank River to the northeast branch, northward of Elke River, on the eastern side of the bay......July 5, 1652

Lord Baltimore issues instructions to Governor Stone for strictly enforcing the submission of all the inhabitants of the province of Maryland to his proprietary rights......Feb. 7, 1654

Governor Stone, by proclamation, declares that the province of Maryland is under the government of Oliver Cromwell, lord protector of the commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, etc.......May 6, 1654

Robert Brooke, commander of Charles county, having been discharged by Lord Baltimore, Governor Stone erects the county into the county of Calvert......July 3, 1654

Commissioners Bennett and Claiborne, hearing of the new orders and instructions from Lord Baltimore, come to Maryland and make a second reducement of the province, appointing Capt. William Fuller and others commissioners for governing the affairs of Maryland......July 22, 1654

Captain Fuller and the other [382] commissioners call an assembly at Patuxent, it passes an “act of recognition” ......Oct. 26, 1654

Acts of the Assembly; one concerning religion, declaring that “none who profess the Popish religion can be protected in the province by the laws of England. . .nor by the government of the commonwealth of England, etc., but to be restrained from the exercise thereof.” One making void the declaration of Governor Stone requiring the people to acknowledge Lord Baltimore as absolute lord of the province......October, 1654

Governor Stone, hearing from England that Lord Baltimore still retained his patent, reassumes the government and organizes a military force in county of St. Mary's under Josias Fendall, who seizes the provincial records, which had been deposited in the house of Mr. Richard Preston, on the Patuxent, during the revolution in July, 1654, and also arms and ammunition which had been stored in the house......January, 1655

With 200 men and twelve vessels, Governor Stone proceeds by land and water against the Puritans of Anne Arundel......March 20, 1655

People of Providence having prepared for an invasion, a battle ensues between the Puritans and the “Marylanders,” of which it is said “of the whole company of the Marylanders there escaped only four or five” ; about fifty were slain or wounded. Of the Puritans, two were killed and two died of wounds......March 25, 1655

A few days after the battle, four of Governor Stone's men were executed out of ten who were court-martialled and sentenced to be shot; the others, including Governor Stone, escaping sentence, but held as prisoners of war......March, 1655

Commission received from Lord Baltimore appointing Josias Fendall governor of Maryland......July 10, 1656

In the matter of the proprietary rights of Lord Baltimore in Maryland, at this time under consideration in England, the commissioners for trade report to Cromwell's council of state favorably to Lord Baltimore......Sept. 16, 1656

Josias Fendall, arrested and imprisoned by the Puritans, takes an oath that he will neither “directly nor indirectly be any disturber to the government till there be a full determination ended in England of all the matters relating to the government” and is released......Sept. 24, 1656

Lord Baltimore creates his brother Philip Calvert one of the councillors to the governor of Maryland, and principal secretary of his province. November, 1656

Luke Barber appointed deputy governor in the absence of Governor Fendall, who embarks for England......June 18, 1657

Puritan assembly meets at Patuxent......Sept. 24, 1657

Report of the commissioners for trade made Sept. 16, 1656, being favorable to the rights of Lord Baltimore, the Puritan agents enter into a treaty with Lord Baltimore to give up their power in the province and give due obedience to his lordship's government; he agreeing especially “that he will never give his assent to the repeal of the law established in Maryland, whereby all persons professing to believe in Jesus Christ have freedom of conscience there” ......Nov. 30, 1657

First Quaker missionaries appear in Maryland......1657

Puritan party in Maryland surrender their power to the governor......March 24, 1658

Governor of Maryland asserts Lord Baltimore's title to the Dutch settlements on Delaware Bay, and demands the submission of the settlement, which is refused......1659

Baltimore county founded......1659

Fendall, proving inimical to Lord Baltimore, is removed, and succeeded by Philip Calvert, who is sworn in at the provincial council held at Patuxent......December, 1660

Charles Calvert, eldest son of the lord proprietary, appointed governor......1661-62

At the request of the Assembly, Lord Baltimore coins in England (1661) a large quantity of shillings, sixpences, and pennies, which were put in circulation in the province by act of Assembly passed......1662

On account of excessive production, an act is passed prohibiting the planting of tobacco for one year ......1666

First naturalization act passed, admitting certain French and Bohemians to citizenship......1666

Boundary-line between Maryland and Virginia from Chesapeake Bay to the Atlantic Ocean established, and the true location of Watkins Point on the bay, [383] marking its beginning, settled by a commission; Philip Calvert, of Maryland, and Edmond Scarborough, of Virginia, appointed......June 25, 1668

Act to encourage importation of slaves......1671

George Fox visits the Friends in Maryland......1672

A number of outrages on the people of Maryland and Virginia by the Indians; five chiefs of the Susquehannocks, captured in a joint expedition, are put to death by Major Trueman, commanding the Maryland forces, although they protested their innocence and blamed the Senecas for the outrages. For this act Major Trueman was inpeached by the House of Delegates, but escaped punishment......Sept. 25, 1675

Cecilius Calvert dies, and Charles Calvert, third Lord Baltimore, becomes proprietary......Nov. 30, 1675

Thomas Notley appointed governor, to act as deputy in the name of his infant son Cecil Calvert......1676

Government land-office erected in the province by the lord proprietary......1680

Ordinance promulgated by the proprietary limiting suffrage to freeholders or inhabitants of property......September, 1681

Charles, Lord Baltimore, reassumes personal government......1681

William Penn receives his grant to territory west of the Delaware and north of Maryland......1681

In the contest between William Penn and Lord Baltimore, Penn claims 39° as the “beginning of the parallel of 40°” ; and the King and council decide that the Maryland charter only included “lands uncultivated and inhabited by savages,” and that therefore the territory along the Delaware was not included; that the peninsula between the two bays be divided equally, all east of a line drawn from the latitude of Cape Henlopen to the 40th degree to belong to Penn......November, 1685

Council of nine deputies, with William Joseph as president, appointed by Lord Baltimore, govern the province during his absence in England......1685

Deputies failing to proclaim William and Mary rulers in the province, a convention of Protestants (termed Associators), John Coode at the head, assembles for the defence of the Protestant religion, and asserting the rights of King William and Queen Mary to the province of Maryland and all English dominions......April, 1689

Associators move upon St. Mary's and the council abandons the State-house and provincial records to them. President Joseph and the council retiring to a fort upon the Patuxent, Coode marches upon them with several hundred men, to whom they surrender, leaving the Associators masters of the situation......July 25, 1689

King William approves the motives of the Associators in taking up arms against Lord Baltimore's government, and authorizes them to continue in power......Feb. 1, 1690

Sir Lionel Copley appointed royal governor of Maryland......1691

Immediately after Governor Copley's arrival in Maryland he summons a General Assembly at St. Mary's, which passes an act of recognition of William and Mary, and then overthrows equal toleration in the province, and establishes the Church of England as the State Church of Maryland......May, 1692

On the death of Governor Copley, Sir Edmund Andros assumes the government until the arrival of his successor, Nicholson......1693

Capital removed by law to Providence, now Annapolis......1694

Public post established from the Potomac through Annapolis to Philadelphia, route to be covered eight times in a year, and postman to receive a salary of £ 50 sterling......1695

Annapolis incorporated by law, the government intrusted to eight freeholders, called “commissioners and trustees” ......1696

State-house destroyed by fire, and many of the records of Anne Arundel county burned......1704

Royal charter of incorporation granted Annapolis by Governor Seymour......Aug. 16, 1708

Benedict Leonard Calvert, fourth Lord Baltimore, being a Protestant, the province is surrendered to him shortly before his death, which occurred......April 16, 1715

John Hart, proprietary governor, representing Charles Calvert, fifth Lord Baltimore, and infant heir of Benedict Leonard Calvert......1715

By resolution the lower House of [384] Assembly declare that “the people of Maryland are entitled to all the rights and immunities of free Englishmen, and are of necessity inheritors of the common law of England” ......1722

Act passed for “the encouragement of learning, and erecting schools in the several counties of the province,” under which law a public free school was established at Battle Creek, Calvert county......1723

A complete collection of the laws of Maryland, printed at Annapolis by William Parks......1727

First newspaper printed in Maryland, the Maryland gazette, published at Annapolis by William Parks......1727

Baltimore laid out on lands belonging to Charles Carroll, by commissioners appointed by the legislature......1730

Agreement entered into that the boundary between Maryland and Delaware should be that fixed by the decree of 1685, and that between Maryland and Pennsylvania a line drawn due west, 15 miles south of Philadelphia......1732

Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, born at Annapolis......Sept. 20, 1737

Legislature appropriates £ 7,562 to meet the expense of raising and equipping 500 volunteers for the great expedition against the Spanish dominions......1740

Treaty concluded with the Six Nations by Governor Bladen in conjunction with the representatives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, at Lancaster, Pa., whereby, in consideration of the payment of £ 300, the Indians agree to relinquish all claims to territory within the boundary of Maryland......1744

Town of Frederick laid out by Patrick Dulany......September, 1745

Assembly votes £ 4,500 to raise a body of men for an expedition against Canada, June 26, and an additional appropriation of £ 1,100......November, 1746

Nanticoke Indians emigrate from Maryland to Wyoming, carrying the bones of their dead with them......May, 1748

Frederick Calvert becomes sixth Lord Baltimore by the death of Charles Calvert......April 24, 1751

Lord Baltimore directs Governor Sharpe to investigate as to which branch of the Potomac is the source, Virginia claiming the north branch and Maryland the south......1753

Maryland frontier being subjected to incursions of the French and Indians from Fort Duquesne (Pittsburg, Pa.), the General Assembly convenes at Annapolis and votes £ 6,000 to aid Virginia in the reduction of the fort......July 11, 1754

Command of the forces engaged against the French on the Ohio given to Governor Sharpe under royal commission......1754

Fort is erected at Cumberland, and garrisoned with two companies as a restingplace for expeditions against Fort Duquesne......1754

Two companies, under Captain Dagworthy and Lieutenants Bacon and Forty, march from Annapolis to the western frontier......1754

General Assembly passes a law for the levying of troops, and providing a pension for those maimed in service......Dec. 24, 1754

After Braddock's defeat, July 9, 1755, the borders of Maryland and Pennsylvania became one extended field of battles, murder, desolation, and panic......1755

Acadians, consigned to the province at their expulsion, arrive......1755

Act to raise £ 40,000 for erecting Fort Frederick and other forts and blockhouses on the frontier, and for a joint expedition against Fort Duquesne......March 22, 1756

Governor Sharpe appoints a day of thanksgiving for the capture of Fort Duquesne, and the Assembly grants £ 1,500 to the Maryland troops who took part in the expedition......November, 1758

Frederick, Lord Baltimore, agrees to the appointment of the commission, Messrs. Mason and Dixon, who surveyed the line known by their name, and set up milestones: agreement made......July 4, 1760

Zachariah Hood, a merchant of Annapolis, is appointed stamp distributer under the Stamp Act; arriving with his stamps, he is obliged to land clandestinely; his effigy is whipped, hanged, and burned, and he seeks refuge in New York. The Assembly, prorogued from 1763, meets and protests against the Stamp Act, and appoints Col. Edward Tilghman, William Murdock, and Thomas Ringgold delegates to the congress of deputies from all the colonies......1765

Frederick county court deciding the [385] Stamp Act unconstitutional, a popular demonstration takes place, the “Sons of liberty” carry through the streets a coffin inscribed, “The Stamp Act expired of a mortal stab received from the Genius of Liberty in Frederick county court, Nov. 23, 1765, aged 22 days” ......Nov. 30, 1765

Public officers in Annapolis, urged by the people, treat the Stamp Act as a nullity......April 3, 1766

People of Maryland enter into articles for non-importation of British superfluities and for the promotion of American manufactures......June 20, 1769

British bark Good Intent, arriving at Annapolis, a meeting of the Associators is held, and it is resolved that the cargo of English goods should not be landed......1770

Assembly attempts to diminish the amount of fees collectible by the public officials and established clergy, but is prorogued by the governor, who issues a proclamation fixing the old rates, and requiring the officers to receive the amount in money if tendered......Nov. 26, 1770

Frederick, Lord Baltimore, dying without an heir, bequeaths his proprietary to Henry Harford, his natural son......1771

People aroused by the governor's proclamation, under the leadership of Charles Carroll, elect the popular candidates Messrs. Paca and Hammond to the House, and bury the obnoxious proclamation in effigy......May 14, 1773

Convention meets at Annapolis, proposes an absolute cessation of intercourse with the mother-country, and nominates Samuel Chase, Robert Goldsborough, William Paca, Matthew Tilghman, and Thomas Johnson delegates to the first Continental Congress at Philadelphia......June 22, 1774

Anthony Stewart, the owner of the brig Peggy Stewart, having paid the duty on a few packages of tea included in the cargo, the people are excited by his act, and under advice of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Stewart burns his vessel......Oct. 14, 1774

George Washington, present in Congress as a member from Virginia, is nominated by Thomas Johnson, of Maryland, to be commander-in-chief of the American forces, and unanimously chosen......June 15, 1775

Convention of Maryland assembles and adopts the famous “Association of the freemen of Maryland,” which becomes the written constitution of Maryland for a year......July 26, 1775

Maryland line,” under Col. William Smallwood, engage in the battles of Long Island, Harlem Heights, White Plains, the storming of Fort Washington, battles of Trenton and Princeton; they begin the year 1,444 strong, and are reduced to a mere handful at the close......1776

Batteries erected near Baltimore and Annapolis, and public records removed to Upper Marlboro for safety in preparation for an attack by the British under Lord Dunsmore......1776

James Wilkinson repairs to the camp before Boston as a volunteer from Maryland......1776

Convention assembles and unanimously orders the delegates to Congress to unite in declaring the colonies free and independent, reserving to the State, however, complete internal sovereignty; Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, chief advocate of this resolution, was on July 4, 1776, chosen a delegate; convention met......June 28, 1776

Declaration of Independence publicly read at Baltimore, with acclamations for the prosperity of the United States......July 22, 1776

Convention for framing a State constitution assembles at Annapolis, Aug. 14, and completes its labors (constitution never submitted to the people)......Nov. 11, 1776

Continental Congress meets at Baltimore......Dec. 20, 1776

Maryland line, under Brigadier-General Smallwood, engage in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, and are stationed at Wilmington during the winter to protect Delaware......1777

First legislature under the new constitution assembles, Feb. 5, and elects Thomas Johnson governor......Feb. 13, 1777

Count Pulaski raises a legion in Maryland consisting of sixty-eight horse and 200 foot......1778

Maryland line active in battle of Monmouth......June 28, 1778

Legislature votes officers of the Maryland line who serve through the war, and their widows, half-pay during life, to [386] commence after seven years pay voted by Congress......1779

Bill to confiscate British property passes both Houses......October, 1780

Maryland line, under Major-General De Kalb, engage in the battles of Camden (where De Kalb was killed), Cowpens, Guilford Court-house, Hobkirk's Hill, assault of Ninety-six, and Eutaw Springs......1780-81

Maryland, to secure rights to Western lands, delays signing the Articles of Confederation until, with other States, Virginia cedes lands northwest of the Ohio to the United States in January, 1781; Maryland delegates, John Hanson and Daniel Carroll, sign the articles......March 1, 1781

Officers of Maryland line organize State Society of the Cincinnati at Annapolis, Major-General Smallwood president......Nov. 21, 1783

United States Congress meets at Annapolis......Nov. 26, 1783

Washington resigns his commission as commander-in-chief, at the State-house in Annapolis......Dec. 23, 1783

Delegates from Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York assemble at Annapolis to consider the condition of the nation, and request all the States to send delegates to a convention at Philadelphia the following May......September, 1786

James McHenry, Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, and Daniel Carroll, delegates from Maryland to the convention at Philadelphia, sign the Constitution of the United States......Sept. 17, 1787

Maryland adopts the Constitution......April 28, 1788

Robert H. Harrison, of Maryland, nominated associate justice of the Supreme Court......Sept. 26, 1789

John Carroll, D. D., consecrated bishop of Baltimore, with jurisdiction over all the Catholics in the United States, the first bishop consecrated in the United States (Church, Roman Catholic)......1790

The State, by law, Dec. 23, 1788, cedes to the United States such district 10 miles square Congress may select for the United States capital; the District of Columbia selected......1790

Thomas Johnson, of Maryland, appointed associate justice of Supreme Court......Aug. 5, 1791

Act extending the right of suffrage and substituting the ballot for viva voce voting passed......Dec. 28, 1801

Legislature presents a sword and belt to George Washington Mann, of Maryland, one of two soldiers who planted the American flag on the walls of Derne, Tripoli......April 27, 1805

Several associations formed in Baltimore to encourage home manufacture and sale of domestic goods during the embargo against British vessels......1808

First number of Niles's register issued in Baltimore by Hezekiah Niles......Sept. 7, 1811

Gabriel Duval, of Maryland, appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States......Nov. 18, 1811

Printing-office of the Federal Republican, an anti-war paper in Baltimore, destroyed by a mob June 22, 1812. They attack the house of the editor, A. C. Hanson, which was garrisoned, break into the jail, whither some of the assailed had been taken, and in the riot General Lingan is killed and others left for dead......July 28, 1812

British Admiral Cockburn with four ships-of — the line and six frigates plunders and burns Frenchtown, Havre de Grace, Frederickstown, and Georgetown......March, 1813

Battle of Bladensburg, and capture of Washington by the British......Aug. 24, 1814

British advancing on Baltimore under General Ross are repulsed at North Point, General Ross is killed......Sept. 12, 1814

British fleet bombard Fort McHenry......Sept. 13, 1814

Francis S. Key, of Maryland, imprisoned on one of the British vessels, composes the Star-Spangled Banner......Sept. 13, 1814

Lancastrian school system introduced in Baltimore......1820

Act passed abolishing the old division into hundreds, as fiscal, military, and election districts, and making an election district the jurisdiction of the constable......1824

Act passed for primary schools......Feb. 28, 1826

Ground broken for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal by the President of the United States......July 4, 1828 [387]

Ground broken by Charles Carroll and corner-stone set for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, chartered 1827......July 4, 1828

Phoenix Company erect their shot-tower, 234 feet high, in Baltimore. Completed without scaffolding......Nov. 25, 1828

First public school in Baltimore under law of 1827 opened......Sept. 21, 1829

Mount St. Mary's College at Emmittsburg, established in 1809, is this year incorporated as a college......1830

On death of Governor Martin, George Howard, first named of the executive council, succeeds to the office......July 10, 1831

National anti-masonic convention assembles at Baltimore and nominates William Wirt for President of the United States......Sept. 26, 1831

Roger Brooke Taney, of Maryland, appointed Attorney-General of the United States......Dec. 27, 1831

Taney appointed Secretary of the Treasury......Sept. 24, 1833

Hospital for the insane at Spring Grove, Baltimore county, opened......1834

Taney appointed chief-justice Supreme Court of the United States......March 15, 1836

Legislature passes the famous internal improvement bill, subscribing $3,000,000 in State bonds to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, $3,000,000 to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, $500,000 to the Maryland Crosscut Canal, $500,000 to the Annapolis and Potomac Canal, and $1,000,000 to the Eastern Shore Railroad — in all $8,000,000......June 3, 1836

State convention irrespective of party meets in Baltimore and adopts resolutions for revising the constitution......June 6, 1836

Constitution revised; governor to be elected by the people, council abolished, Senate reorganized, one third to be elected by the people every two years......1836

Convention of Whig young men, 15,000 to 20,000 delegates from every State in the Union, meets at Baltimore......May 4, 1840

Democratic National Convention meets at Baltimore......May 5, 1840

Issue of State bonds reaches $16,050,000; deficit of treasury, $556,387.38......Dec. 1, 1840

State tax levied of 20 cents on every $100, afterwards increased to 25 cents......April 1, 1841

Maryland Historical Society founded......January, 1844

Whig National Convention in Baltimore nominates Henry Clay for President......May 1, 1844

Morse magnetic telegraph from Washington to Baltimore completed......May 20, 1844

Democratic National Convention at Baltimore nominates for President James K. Polk......May 27-29, 1844

Act waiving the State liens in favor of $1,700,000 bonds to be issued by the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company at par, with a guarantee that for five years after completion not less than 195,000 tons would be transported annually upon it, and a contract is made for the completion of the canal to Cumberland......March 10, 1845

United States Naval Academy established at Annapolis......1845

Rev. Charles Turner Torrey dies in State-prison under sentence for enticing slaves from the State......May 9, 1846

State resumes the payment of interest on her debt at the Chesapeake Bank, Baltimore......Jan. 1, 1848

Democratic National Convention at Baltimore nominates Gen. Lewis Cass, United States Senator from Michigan, for President......May 22, 1848

Edgar Allan Poe, born Jan. 26, 1809, dies in Washington University Hospital, Baltimore; buried in Westminster graveyard......Oct. 7, 1849

Election riots between Democrats and Know-nothings......Nov. 4, 1849

Convention to frame a new constitution meets at Annapolis, Nov. 4, 1850, completes its labors May 13, 1851; the constitution ratified by the people......June 4, 1851

Whig National Convention at Baltimore nominates Gen. Winfield Scott for President......June 16, 1852

Whig National Convention at Baltimore adopts the nominees of the American party, Fillmore and Donelson, for President and Vice-President......Sept. 17, 1856

George Peabody gives $300,000 to found Peabody Institute......Feb. 12, 1857

Strike of the conductors and train men [388] on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, militia called out; amicably settled......April 29, 1857

Constitutional Union Convention at Baltimore nominates John Bell, of Tennessee, for President......May 9, 1860

Democratic National Convention meets by adjournment (from Charleston, S. C.) in Baltimore, June 18, 1860. On the 23d a large number of delegates withdraw, and the remaining delegates nominate Stephen A. Douglas for President. The seceders nominate John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky......June 23, 1860

Philip Francis Thomas, of Maryland, appointed Secretary of the Treasury......Dec. 12, 1860

A. H. Handy, commissioner from Mississippi, addresses a meeting in Baltimore on the subject of secession......Dec. 19, 1860

Secession flag raised and saluted with artillery on Federal Hill, Baltimore, but on the third round the cannon are seized and the flag pulled down......April 18, 1861

Attack on Massachusetts troops in Baltimore by a mob, several soldiers and civilians killed and wounded......April 19, 1861

House of Delegates rejects a secession ordinance by 53 to 13......April 29, 1861

United States volunteers under General Butler take possession of the Relay house on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad......May 5, 1861

General Butler, at the head of 900 men, occupies Baltimore without opposition......May 13, 1861

Confederates invade the State and occupy Frederick, Sept. 8, 1862. General Lee issues a proclamation to the people of Maryland promising protection and assistance in regaining their rights. On Sept. 10 the Confederates evacuate the city, and it is occupied by the Army of the Potomac......Sept. 12, 1861

Battle of South Mountain, Sept. 14, and Antietam......Sept. 17, 1861

State legislature unable to organize, many members being arrested on suspicion of treason......Sept. 17, 1861

Governor Hicks calls an extra session of the legislature “to consider and determine the steps necessary to be taken to enable the State of Maryland to take her place with the other loyal States in defence of the Constitution and Union.” The legislature meets at Frederick......Dec. 3, 1861

Gen. Robert C. Schenck proclaims martial law in the west-shore counties......June 30, 1863

Issue at the State election is emancipation, and the Union party divides on the subject into the Union and Unconditional Union parties; the latter carries the election......Nov. 4, 1863

General Schenck arrests many persons suspected of treason, and suspends the Maryland Club and similar societies......1863

Every Union master allowed $300 for each of his slaves enlisting by act of Congress......Feb. 24, 1864

General Lee detaches a force for the invasion of Maryland, which overpowers the Federals under Gen. Lew. Wallace in a battle on the Monocacy River......July 9, 1864

Convention for framing a new constitution meets at Annapolis, April 27; completes its work, Sept. 6; ratified......Oct. 12-13, 1864

[This constitution abolished slavery, and disfranchised all who had aided or encouraged rebellion against the United States. Home vote, 27,541 for, 29,536 against; soldiers, 2,633 for, 263 against; majority for, 375.]

Maryland Agricultural College established in Prince George's county......1865

Fair held at Baltimore for the relief of the destitute in the Southern States; net receipts, $164,569.97......April, 1866

Peabody Institute formally inaugurated; George Peabody present......Oct. 24, 1866

Legislature passes a very stringent Sunday law......1866

Johns Hopkins University incorporated......Aug. 24, 1867

New constitution, framed by a convention which met at Annapolis May 8, 1867, which abolishes office of lieutenant-governor, ratified by the people......Sept. 18, 1867 [Vote for, 27,152; against, 23,036.]

New school law passed giving control of educational matters in each county to a board of county commissioners......April 1, 1868

State election in November, 1869, the whole Democratic ticket elected, and a legislature unanimously Democratic meets......Jan. 5, 1870

Legislature unanimously rejects the Fifteenth Amendment, and passes a school [389] law vesting the supervision of schools in a State board, county boards, and school district boards......1870

State convention of those favoring the extension of the right of suffrage to women held at Baltimore......Feb. 29, 1872

Democratic National Convention at Baltimore nominates Horace Greeley, by a vote made unanimous, for President......July 9-10, 1872

State Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry meets in Baltimore, and makes a declaration of policy and principle......March 7, 1874

Public education act modified: Board of education to consist of the governor, principal of normal school, and four persons appointed by the governor from presidents and examiners of the several county boards......1874

James B. Groome elected governor by General Assembly, Governor Whyte being elected United States Senator......March 4, 1875

Foundation of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, endowed with $4,500,000 by Johns Hopkins in 1873, is laid in Baltimore......1875

Daniel C. Gilman installed president of the Johns Hopkins University......Feb. 22, 1876

Affray in the streets of Baltimore; the 6th Regiment of militia being ordered out by Governor Carroll against strikers on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Cumberland; the soldiers are stoned, and fire on the mob, killing nine and wounding twenty or thirty; the mob sets fire to the railroad station......July 20, 1877

Commissioners appointed by legislatures of 1874 and 1876 for boundary between Maryland and Virginia report......Jan. 16, 1877

Congress appropriates $25,000 for surveying a route for a ship canal between the Chesapeake and Delaware bays to shorten the distance from Baltimore to the ocean by about 200 miles......1878

State convention of tax-payers held at Baltimore to redress grievances and secure relief from taxation......Aug. 12, 1879

Celebration of the 150th anniversary of the founding of Baltimore......Oct. 10-15, 1880

Henry Lloyd, president of the Senate, succeeds Governor McLane, who is appointed United States minister to France......March 27, 1885

Public library, established by gift of Enoch Pratt in 1882, formally opened in Baltimore......Jan. 4, 1886

Sharp contest in Chester River between the State oyster steamer McLane and a fleet of illegal dredgers; two schooners are run down and sunk and others captured......Dec. 10, 1888

State oyster steamer Helen Baughman fights with the schooner Robert McAllister, an unlicensed oyster-boat......Jan. 2, 1889

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal wrecked by flood on the Potomac, which also swept away the historic building known as John Brown's Fort......June, 1889

In 1888 Virginia leased about 3,200 acres of oyster ground on Hog Island to one Lewis; Maryland claims a right to the ground, but the national coast survey rejects her claim; Governor Jackson proclaims the ground open to both States, and the Maryland schooner Lawson anchors on the Hog Island grounds; the Lawson is attacked, run down, and sunk by the Virginia police-boat Augustus, Nov. 27; harmony is restored between the States, Virginia withdrawing her exclusive claim......December, 1889

Australian ballot law passed by Maryland legislature, and a high-license law enacted for Baltimore......1890

Decoration Day made a legal holiday by act of legislature......1890

State Treasurer Stevenson Archer discovered to be a defaulter to the amount of $132,401.25, March 27; is arrested at his home in Belair, April 10; is tried, pleads guilty, and is sentenced to five years imprisonment......July 7, 1890

Ex-Gov. Philip Francis Thomas dies at Baltimore, aged eighty......Oct. 2, 1890

United States Senator Ephraim King Wilson dies in Washington, D. C.......Feb. 24, 1891

Monument erected by the State to Leonard Calvert, first governor of the colony, at Old St. Mary's......June 3, 1891

Charles H. Gibson qualifies as United States Senator by executive appointment to fill place of Senator Wilson, deceased......Dec. 7, 1891

Ex-Postmaster-Gen. John A. Cresswell dies at Belair......Dec. 23, 1891 [390]

Charles H. Gibson elected by the legislature as United States Senator to fill unexpired term......Jan. 21, 1892

Ex-Gov. E. Louis Lowe dies in Brooklyn, N. Y., aged seventy......Aug. 23, 1892

Amendment to constitution in reference to judge of the Supreme Bench adopted......Nov. 7, 1893

The single-tax in operation at Hyattsville declared unconstitutional......1893

Massachusetts

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