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Later from the North.

We are indebted to the courtesy of Capt. Hatch, of the Bureau of Exchange, for a copy of the New York World, of the addust. The usual exchange of files has not been recommended as yet by the U. S. Commissioner, Col. Meredith, who takes the place of Col. Ludlow.


The Army of the Potomac--a fight and Discovery of Gen Let's position

The World says that the reconnaissance made on Friday by General Buford's cavalry across the Rappahannock resulted in a sharp fight, with considerable loss on both sides. The whereabouts of the rebel army were found to be between the Rapidan and the Rappahannock, with Lee's headquarters at Stevensburg, four miles from Culpeper. The Confederates have a very strong picket line across the Rappahannock, but do not seem to be in any considerable force as far up as Fredericksburg. The following dispatch from Washington, August 2d, gives an account of the reconnaissance:

General Buford's cavalry, artillery, and a supporting infantry force, yesterday crossed the Rappahannock at the railroad station.--Thence with his cavalry and artillery he proceeded toward Culpeper, driving Stuart's cavalry before him. When near Culpeper Gen'l Raford encountered a large rebel force of infantry and artillery, and a fierce light ensued, lasting until dark, when he withdrew to a strong position east of Beandy Station. The losses on both sides was considerable. This reconnaissance confirms the concentration of Lee's forces near Culpeper, and indicates that his present headquarters are at Stevensburg, four miles southeast of Culpeper.

The twenty nine sutler wagon captured near Fairfax Thursday night by Mosby and his band were recaptured, with all their contents, Friday morning, near Aldle, by the 2d Massachusetts cavalry. A skirmish ensured between the guerillas and our advance guard, but on the approach of the main body Mosby fled, closely pursued by the cavalry. Several of the enemy are reported killed and wounded but no report has been received of the result of the pursuit. This morning a detachment of our cavalry killed two and captured two others of Mosby's band near New Baltimore, and were engaged in ferreting out others.--Yesterday and to-day the weather has been by far the hottest of the season. All quiet to-night.

‘ Another dispatch says:

The rebel forces are still between the Rapidan and the Rappahannock, and have made no movement eastward. It is not true that our forces occupy the city of Fredericksburg. The weather has been intensely hot where the army is stationed during the past two days.

Lieut Col. Lovell, of the Second Massachusetts regiment, has recaptured all prisoners, wagons, supplies, &c., taken by Mosby's guerillas at Fairfax on Thursday night. The rebel escape was out off, and for the first time Mosby has been thwarted in his bold and desperate raids. The value of the goods, horses, &c., recaptured, which mostly belonged to suiters, is estimated at $150,000.


Protection to negro soldiers — retaliation.

A telegram from Washington gives the following official order of Lincoln on the subject of negro soldiers in the Yankee army and their treatment:

War Dep't, Adj General's office, Washington, July 31.

General Order No. 252.
The following order of the President is published for the information and government of all concerned:

Executive Mansion. Washington, July 30
It is the of every Government to give protection to its citizens, of whatever class, color, or condition, and especially to those who are duly organized as soldiers in the public service. The law of nations, and the usages and custom of war, as carried on by civilized powers, permit no distinction as to color in the treatment of prisoners of war as public enemies. To sell or enslave any captured person on account of his color and for no offence against the laws of war, is a relapse into barbarism, and a crime against the civilization of the age. The Government of the United States will give the same protection to all its soldiers, and if the enemy shall sell or enslave any one because of his color, the offence shall be punished by retaliation upon the enemy's prisoners in our possession. It is therefore ordered, that for every soldier of the United States killed in violation of the laws of war, a rebel soldier shall be executed; and for every one enslaved by the enemy, or sold into slavery, a rebel soldier shall be placed at hard labor on the public works, and continue at such labor until the other shall be released, and receive the treatment our to a prisoner of war.

Abraham Lincoln.
By order of the Secretary of War.
E D. Townsend,
Assistant Adjt. General.

The draft in Southern Illinois--a Congress man arrested

A dispatch from Cairo, Ill, dated the 2nd inst., gives the following about the enrollment for the draft in the Southern part of that State:

Provost Marshal Phillips has completed the enrollment in the 13th district of this State, and is prepared to make a draft as soon as directed. He enrolled about 18,000 names, and arrested a large number of deserters. He was obliged to place the town of Marion, the residence of Congressman Allen, under martial law. Pickets were stationed around the town, and orders issued preventing persons leaving the place without passes. Mr. Allen attempted to pass the guards, and was brought before Provost Marshal Phillips, where he demanded to know if a Congressman was obliged to obey the orders of a petty Provost-Marshal. He was told all were subject to enrollment, and no one could receive a pass without taking the oath of allegiance to the United States Government, which he refused to do on the ground that it would compromise him with his constituents and force him to violate certain pledges he had made. He therefore remains an involuntary prisoner within the limits of Marion.

’ A dispatch from Washington, dated the 2d inst., says:

‘ It may be stated on excellent authority that the draft will commence in New York during the earlier part of next week, and be as fully carried out from that time forward as it will be in Washington, where it will go on at the same time. The authorities are understood to have all the enrollment lists, &c., ready to proceed at once. It is believed that there will be no longer any delay anywhere in the country in executing the draft.


Temporary Abandonment of the assault on battery Wagner--Fort Sumter to Reforest reduced.

Advices from Charleston to the 29th ult., received in New York by the transport Belvidere, state that Gen. Gilmore had succeeded in creating a long line of batteries within 250 yards of Fort Wagner. He had also mounted three heavy siege guns within a mile and a quarter of Fort Sumter, which were to open fire on Sumter on Wednesday last. Two monitors and the Ironsides were engaging Fort Wagner. The World says:

‘ No engagement of any account has taken place since the assault of the 19th of July upon Fort Wagner. Our losses since that time have not averaged more than four per day. General Gilmore has now fourteen Parrott guns and mortars in position on Morris's island. For the present, the idea of taking Fort Wagner has been abandoned — shells making but alight impression upon the sand of which that work is composed; the breach made by one shall being soon filled up by the explosion of another. Gen. Gilmore is confident that with his heavy siege guns he can breach Fort Sumter.

The 10th Connecticut regiment occupies the riffe-pite within 250 yards of Fort Wagnes. --Col. Otin, of this regiment, came here on the Belvidere for the purpose of taking drafted men. The Belvidere has on board the 174th Pennsylvania regiment numbering 417 noncommissioned and privates, whose term of service has expired.

The United States steam transport Fulton, Eldridge, from Port Royal, S. C., July 31st, reached here last evening. The siege of Fort Wagner still continued. Gen. Gilmore has mounted a number of 200 pounder siege guns within one mile of Fort Sumter. He is confident of reducing both Sumter and Wagner in a short time.


Outrage on Confederate officers — Morgat treated as a Convict.

The New York World, of Monday, has an editorial on the conduct of Gen. Burnsides, from which we learn that Morgan and his officers, now in the Ohio penitentiary, are treated like convicts, and their heads have been shaved. The following is a paragraph:

‘ After several months of junketing, his army finally moved out to the Kentucky river, but never came near an enemy. The only enemy in Kentucky was allowed to pass directly through the State. In the face of Burnside and of all his troops, Morgan was permitted to ride by him almost unmolested, and to cross into Indiana and Ohio, and not until the citizens of those States hadrailled in sufficient numbers was the bold marauder captured. But if Burnside had nothing to do with catching the hare, upon his light to cook it when caught.

The commander of the Department of the Ohio first appears in the field as a barber and jailor. He orders the captured officers first to the city prison of Cincinnati and afterward to the Ohio penitentiary, Where they are subjected to the indignity of having their heads shaved. Such a preceding is as unworthy of a great nation or its representatives as it is unwarrantable by all the laws of war. it is perfectly right of course that these officers should be detained as hostages for Colonel Streight's party, captured in Georgia, but Col. Straight is in the Libby prison, treated as all other officers are treated. The cases are so nearly alike that they are naturally suggestive offeets of each other. And if we mistake not greatly, this cruelty towards Morgan will but though rate a fresh and painful retaliation upon our prisoners in Richmond.


Burnside Proclaims martial law in Kentucky on the Ky., of the election no disloyal. Persons to be allowed to vote.

The State election in Kentucky was in take place on Monday last. A telegram from Cincinnati, dated the 31st, gives the following action of Burnside in the premises:

major General Burnside has issued an order declaring the State of Kentucky invaded by a rebel force, with the avowed intention of overawing the Judges of Elections, intimidating loyal voters and keeping them from the polls, and forcing the election of disloyal candidates at the election on the 31 proximo. The military of the Government, the order declares, is the only force that can defeat this attempt, and the State of Kentucky is therefore placed under martial law.

All military officers are commanded to aid the constituted authorities of the State in the support of the laws and the purity of suffrage. The legally appointed Judges of the polls will be held strictly responsible that no disloyal person be allowed to vote, and to this end the military power of the Government is ordered to give them its utmost support.

The New York World thus comments on this action:

‘ The coincidence of Gen. Burnside's demonstration in Kentucky against the freedom of election, with the extraordinary discrimination made under the draft in this State against the Democratic districts, demands attention, and goes alarmingly for toward giving color to the charge that the party in power are determined to the bayonet against the ballot all over the Union.

We await fuller explanations than we yet have of the former proceeding, of its motives and of its bearings, and the latter may be at once explained by the simple process of the military upon the people of Delaware at the election in that State we cannot pronounce the suspicious which more recent events have awakened to be utterly unreasonable.


Important from Mexico — French Reinforcements, 10,000 strong expected at Acapulco — all the Mexican Ports to be Garrisoned 7,000 French troops reported to be Marching on Matamoros.

Advices from the City of Mexico are to June 25th. Gen. Alvarez, from whom accounts are received to the 30th inst., was expecting the arrival at Acapulco of the French fleet, with 10,000 soldiers. This force is to come from the Gulf of Mexico across Tehuantepec, and from Acapulco will be dispatched for garrisons for all the Mexican Pacific port. A letter, dated Matamoras, June 16th; says:

‘ There is a rumor here that seven thousand French soldiers are on the way here from Vera Cruz. It needs confirmation. If true, the authorities will endeavor to meet and fight them with such force as they can collect. They will surely dispute with an earnest struggle for the possession of Tamaulipas and of course this most important town would be the principal prize to be fought for. The Mexicans are resolute, and will fight the French to the last. They are united here in their opposition to the invaders. Miramon is the lion of Fort Brown of late. He has attempted to tamper with the authorities here, but has utterly failed. They say that Mexico wants none of the services of men who have already betrayed the nation. The people are essentially loyal and patriotic. The Texas people are desirous of playing into the bands of the French. They are up for anything that will embarrass the United States and prefer European monarchy. They are playing the part of adventurers to the fullest extent.


Miscellaneous.

A surgeon who is engaged at Gettysburg, ascertains the Federal loss to be 14,200 wounded and 5,000 killed.

Brashear City, La., was re-occupied by the yankees on the 23d of July.

The C. S. steamer Florida sailed from Bermuda on the 25th ult., after receiving coal and all necessary repairs. The coal she received was brought by the steamer Harriet Pinckney from Halifax.

The expedition which left Vicksburg a few days ago has arrived at Port Hudson. Gen. Grant, it is said, commands in person. Its destination is unknown.

The recent cavalry raid from Norfolk to Jackson. N. C., found the Confederates entrenched strongly at Jackson, which commands the approaches to Weldon, and was forced to return.

Claims for damages to the total amount of over seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars, for losses resulting from the recent riots in New York, have already been presented.

It has been decided that it will be safe and expedient to send the Washington and New York mails to New Orleans via the Mississippi river. Arrangements have been made for a convoy at least once a week from Vicksburg to New Orleans, and convoys can be more frequent when required by the necessities of trade or public interest.

Gold was quoted in New York Saturday at 129¾.

By way of San Francisco we learn that the latest news from Japan stated that war with France and England was certain, and that the Japanese were much better prepared for it than had been supposed.

The following is a dispatch from Cincinnati, dated August 2d:

The rebels burned sixty wagon loaded with forage at Stamford, Ky., yesterday.

Colonel Sanders reports to Gen Burnside having captured three hundred and fifty rebels near the Cumberland river, including Colonel Ashby. The balance of the raiders are rapidly retreating, having abandoned their plunder at Irvin, Ky.

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