Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XVII, Chapter 87 (search)
he other P. Cornelius Scapula or P. Cornelius Scipio
Barbatus. No Postumius is otherwise attested at this time. According to the calculations of M.
J. Fontana, Kokalos, 2 (1956), 42 f., the battle with
Porus took place about July 326 B.C., as Diodorus dates it, while
Arrian. 5.19.3 places the battle a little earlier, in the
Attic month Munichion of the year of Hegemon (April/May of 326
B.C.). He states, however, that the time was after the summer solstice (A326
B.C.). He states, however, that the time was after the summer solstice (Arrian. 5.9.4). In this year Alexander repaired his army in
the land of Taxiles and then marched against Porus, the king of the neighbouring Indians.For the whole story cp. Curtius
8.13-14; Justin 12.8.1-7; Plut.
Alexander 60; Arrian. 5.3.5-19.3. Diodorus (like
Justin) omits the exciting story of Alexander's crossing the Hydaspes River.
He had more than fifty thousand infantry, about three thousand
cavalry, more than a thousand chariots of war, and one hundred a
Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XVII, Chapter 96 (search)
He himself embarked with his Friends, and sailed down the river toward the southern
Ocean.It was now the autumn of 326 B.C. (Strabo 15.1.17: "a few days before the
setting of the Pleiades"). The bulk of his army marched along the bank of the river,
under the command of Craterus and Hephaestion.Craterus was
on the right bank, Hephaestion on the left (Arrian.
6.2.2).When they came to the junction of the
Acesines and the Hydaspes,Cp. 95.3, note, for the river
names. he disembarked his soldiers and led them against the people called Sibians.
They say that these are the descendants of the soldiers who
came with Heracles to the rock of Aornus and were unsuccessful in its siege,Cp. chap. 85 above. For the story, which is lacking in Arrian,
cp. Curtius 9.4.1-3; Justin
12.9.2. and then were settled in this spot by him. Alexander encamped beside a
very fine city, and the leading notables of the citizens came out to see him. They
Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XVII, Chapter 113 (search)
324/3 B.C.When Agesias was archon at Athens, the Romans installed
as consuls Gaius Publius and Papirius, and the one hundred and fourteenth celebration of the
Olympic Games took place, in which Micinas of Rhodes won the foot race.Hegesias (as the name appears in the Attic inscriptions) was archon from July
324 to June 323 B.C. The consuls of 326
B.C. were C. Poetelius Libo Visolus and L. Papirius Cursor (Broughton, 1.146). The Olympic
Games were held in the summer of 324 B.C. (chap. 109.1). The name of
the victor is given as Macinnas by Eusebius. The time was actually the spring of 323 B.C. Now from practically all the inhabited world came envoys
on various missions, some congratulating Alexander on his victories, some bringing him crowns,
others concluding treaties of friendship and alliance, many bringing handsome presents, and
some prepared to defend themselves against accusations. Apart
from the tribes and cities as well as the
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), BOOK VI., CHAPTER III. (search)
Calandro, which discharges itself into the sea a little
below Capo di Roseto, bears some affinity to the river Acalandrus mentioned by Strabo. However, some have thought it identical with the
Salandrella and the Fiume di Roseto, while Cluverius was of opinion
that we should here read kuli/starnos instead of )Aka/landros, and identify it with the modern Racanello.
commodious for their meetings, should be properly fortified for
their reception.—And indeed they say that the misfortune326 B. C.
of that prince was chiefly due to a want of good feeling on
their part. They were deprived of their liberty during the
wars209 B. C. of Hannibal, but have since received a Roman colony,124 B. C.
and now live in peace and are in a more prosperous state
than ever. They also engaged in war with the Messapii
concerning Heraclea, when they counted the kings of the
Daunii and of the Peucetii as allies.Some suspect this last sentence to be an interpolation; certain it is
that there is
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), BOOK XV., CHAPTER II. (search)
onical rising of the Pleiades is meant the rising of this constellation, or its first becoming visible, after sun-set. Vincent (Voyage of Nearchus) fixes on the 23rd October, 327 B. C., as the date of the departure of Alexander from Nicæa; August, 326 B. C., as the date of his arrival at Pattala; and the 2nd of October, 326 B. C., as the date of the departure of the fleet from the Indus. the wind not being before
favourable. The Barbarians however, taking courage at the
departure of the king,326 B. C., as the date of the departure of the fleet from the Indus. the wind not being before
favourable. The Barbarians however, taking courage at the
departure of the king, became daring, and attempted to throw
off their subjection, attacked them, and endeavoured to drive
them out of the country. But Craterus set out from the
Hydaspes, and proceeded through the country of the Arachoti
and of the Drangæ into Carmania.
Alexander was greatly distressed throughout the whole
march, as his road lay through a barren country. The supplies of provisions which he obtained came from a distance,
and were scanty and unfrequent, so much so that the army
suffered greatly
Commencement of the Second Samnite War —Alliance with the Lucanians and Apulians. A laetisternium Lectisternium.See note 2 to Book VII. took place this year (326 B.C.>, the fifth since the foundation of the City, and
the same deities were propitiated in this as in the former one. The new consuls, acting on the orders of the people, sent heralds to deliver a formal declaration of war to the Samnites, and made all their preparations on a much
greater scale for this war than for the one against the Greeks. New and unexpected succours were forthcoming, for the Lucanians and Apulians, with whom Rome had up to that time established no relations, came forward with offers to make an
alliance and promised armed assistance; a friendly alliance was formed with them. Meantime the operations in Samnium were attended with success, the towns of Allifae, Callifae, and Rufrium passed into the hands of the Romans, and ever since the consuls had entered the country the rest of t
This year (326 B.C.> was marked by the dawn, as it were, of a new era of liberty for the plebs; creditors were no longer allowed to attach the persons of their debtors. This change in the law was brought about by a signal instance of lust and cruelty upon the part of a moneylender.
L. Papirius was the man in question. C. Publilius had pledged his person to him for a debt which his father had contracted. The youth and beauty of the debtor which ought to have called forth feelings of compassion only acted as incentives to lust and insult.
Finding that his infamous proposals only filled the youth with horror and loathing, the man reminded him that he was absolutely in his power and sought to terrify him by threats. As these failed to crush the boy's noble instincts, he ordered him to be stripped and beaten.
Mangled and bleeding the boy rushed into the street and loudly complained of the usurer's lust and brutality.
A vast crowd gathered, and on learning what
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK III. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 15. (10.)—MAGNA GRÆCIA, BEGINNING AT LOCRI. (search)
tia, now the Sanza, near Policastro. The Sirini probably had their name from the river Siris., the Sirini,
the Tergilani, the Ursentini, and the VolcentaniVolcentum was situate near the Silarus, probably on the spot now called Bulcino or Bucino. The site of Numistro appears to be unknown., whom
the Numestrani join. Besides these, we learn from CatoIn his work "De Originibus."
that Thebes in Lucania has disappeared, and Theopompus
informs us that there was formerly a city of the Lucani called
PandosiaLivy, B. viii., and Justin mention how that Alexander I. (in the year B.C. 326) was obliged to engage under unfavourable circumstances near Pandosia, on the Acheron, and fell as he was crossing the river; thus accomplishing a prophecy of Dodona which had warned him to beware of Pandosia and the Acheron. He was uncle to Alexander the Great, being the brother of Olympias. The site of Pandosia is supposed to have been the modern Castro Franco., at which Alexander, the king of Epirus, died.
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK VI. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES
WHO NOW EXIST, OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 23. (20.)—THE INDUS. (search)
tending a distance
of two hundred and fifty miles. After passing these nations,
we come to the Organagæ, the Abortæ, the Bassuertæ, and,
after these last, deserts similar to those previously 'mentioned.
We then come to the peoples of the Sorofages, the Arbæ,
the Marogomatræ, the Umbrittæ, of whom there are twelve nations, each with two cities, and the Asini, a people who dwell
in three cities, their capital being Bucephala,Built on the Hydaspes by Alexander after his victory over Porus, B. C.
326, at the spot where he had crossed the river before the battle, and in
memory of his celebrated charger Bucephalus, who had expired during the
battle from fatigue and old age, or from wounds. The exact site of this
place is not known, but the probabilities appear in favour of Jhelum, at
which place is the usual passage of the river, or else of Jellapoor, about
sixteen miles lower down.
78 Probably the same that is mentioned in c. 21 of the present Book. which was
founded around the tomb of the<
e to the new consuls to complain that the Samnites, since they had been unable by offering inducements to entice them into an armed alliance, had invaded their territories with a hostile army and by warring on them were obliging them to go to war.
The people of Lucania, they said, had on a former occasion strayed all too far from the path of duty, but were now so resolute as to deem it better to endure and suffer anything than ever again to offend the Romans.The Lucanians had entered upon friendly relations with the Romans in 326 B.C. (viii. xxv. 3), but had been seduced from their loyalty by the Samnites (viii. xxvii. 10). A Roman army invaded them in 317 (ix. xx. 9).
they besought the Fathers both to take the Lucanians under their protection and to defend them from the violence and oppression of the Samnites. though their having gone to war with the Etruscans was necessarily a pledge of loyalty to the Romans, yet they were none the less ready to give hostages.
