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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 2 2 Browse Search
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 1 1 Browse Search
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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Lycurgus (search)
, brought forth with wonderful exuberance and unparalleled variety. We shall try therefore in the following article, 1. to give an outline of what passes for the life of Lycurgus; 2. to point out the general features and the character of the Spartan constitution, while for the details we refer once for all to the respective articles in the Dictionary of Antiquities; and 3. to trace the origin of the Spartan constitution. Aristotle makes Lycurgus to be a contemporary of Iphitus, who lived B. C. 884. In conjunction with Iphitus, Lycurgus is said to have established the sacred armistice of Olympia, which prohibited all wars during the Olympic festivals, and protected the territory of the Eleians for ever against all hostile attacks. (Müller, Dor. 1.7.7.) Xenophon differs widely from Aristotle in placing Lycurgus more than 200 years earlier, that is, at the time of the Heracleids. (Xen. Rep. Lac. 10.8.) Timaeus, perhaps in order to remove the difficulty, assumed that there were two Lycu
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
f in vapor at a white heat. It has a peculiar taste and smell. It is a bluish-white, brittle metal, and is much used in hardening type-metal, to which it also imparts the faculty of not shrinking in cooling. It enters into the composition of some other alloys, such as one kind of speculum metal. Its salts are much used in medicine and pyrotechnics. Antimony was known to the Hebrews as a cosmetic. With it, it is supposed that the wicked Jezebel painted her eyelids and eyebrows, B. C. 884, just before she was thrown out of window by the orders of the cruel Jehu, who trod her under the feet of his horse, and left her to be devoured by dogs. The Arab women use kohl to increase the brilliancy of the expression of their eves, as the Hebrew women did down to the times of Jeremiah and Ezekiel, and later. It is yet an Oriental custom. Little toilet boxes and bottles for kohl are found among the relies of the ancient Egyptians, and are preserved in many collections; for instance,
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
a handful. Ancient money. An early gold coin was the Persian darlic e, Fig. 1382, which weighed about 130 grains troy. Silver coins in imitation were struck by Aryandes, governor of Egypt under the Persians, for which act he was condemned to death. Silver is said to have been coined by Phedon of Argos, 750 B. C. Gold by Philip of Macedon, 340 B. C. Servius Tullius coined copper money, 578 B. C. Silver was coined at Athens, 512 B. C.; at Rome, 269 B. C. Iron was coined by Lycurgus, 884 B. C. Plutarch says it required a cart and two oxen to draw the small sum of 10 minae, about $28. It is said that the coin of Philip of Macedon was the first that was alloyed; it was done to harden it, and make it wear better. Coined money was first cited in those portions of the Hebrew Scriptures written after the captivity. The Jews had no coined money of their own till the time of the Maccabees, when King Antiochus gave leave to Simon to coin money for his country with his own stamp.