Named Entity Results, 93 BC

acks upon the independent cities. In B. C. 96 he took Gaza, destroyed the city, and massacred all the inhabitants. The result of these undertakings, and his having attached himself to the party of the Sadducees, drew upon him the hatred of the Pharisees, who were by far the more numerous party. He was attacked by the people in B. C. 94, while officiating as high-priest at the feast of Tabernacles; but the insurrection was put down, and six thousand of the insurgents slain. In the next year (B. C. 93) he made an expedition against Arabia, and made the Arabs of Gilead and the Moabites tributary. But in B. C. 92, in a campaign against Obedas, the emir of the Arabs of Gaulonitis, he fell into an ambush in the mountains of Gadara; his army was entirely destroyed, and he himself escaped with difficulty. The Pharisees seized the opportunity thus afforded, and broke out into open revolt. At first they were successful, and Alexander was compelled to fly to the mountains (B. C. 88); but two year

Ariobarza'nes 3. The name of three kings of Cappadocia. Clinton (F. H. iii. p. 436) makes only two of this name, but inscriptions and coins seem to prove that there were three. I. Surnamed Philoromaeus (*Filorw/maios) on coins (B. C. 93-63), was elected king by the Cappadocians, under the direction of the Romans, about B. C. 93. (Justin, 38.2; Strab. xii. p.540; Appian, App. Mith. 10.) He was several times expelled from his kingdom by Mithridates, and as often restored by the Romans. He seemB. C. 93. (Justin, 38.2; Strab. xii. p.540; Appian, App. Mith. 10.) He was several times expelled from his kingdom by Mithridates, and as often restored by the Romans. He seems to have been driven out of his kingdom immediately after his accession, as we find that he was restored by Sulla in B. C. 92. (Plut. Sull. 5; Liv. Epit. 70; Appian, App. Mith. 57.) He was a second time expelled about B. C. 90, and fled to Rome. He was then restored by M.' Aquillius, about B. C. 89 (Appian, App. Mith. 10, 11; Justin, 38.3), but was expelled a third time in B. C. 88. In this year war was declared between the Romans and Mithridates ; and Ariobarzanes was deprived of his kingdom t

Copo'nius 2. M. Coponius, had a celebrated law-suit respecting an inheritance with M'. Curius, B. C. 93. The cause of Coponius was pleaded by Q. Scaevola, and that of Curius by L. Crassus, in the court of the centumviri. (Cic. de Orat. 1.39, 2.32, Brut. 552.) [CURIUS.]

he games and shows given by the aediles had now become unreasonably great, and Crassus during his aedileship yielded to the prevailing prodigality. (Cic. de Of. 2.16.) During the consulship of Crassus, the senate made a remarkable decree, by which it was ordained " no homo immolaretur,"--a monstrous rite, says Pliny, which up to that time had been publicly solemnized. (Plin. Nat. 30.3.) After his consulship, he took the command in Spain, where he presided for several years, and, in the year B. C. 93, was honoured with a triumph for his successes in combating the Lusitanian tribes. In the social war, B. C. 90, he was the legate of L. Julius Caesar, and in the following year his colleague in the censorship (Festus, s. v. referri), and with him enrolled in new tribes certain of the Latini and Itali, who were rewarded for their fidelity with the rights of citizenship. In the civil war which commenced soon afterwards, he took part with Sulla and the aristocracy. When Marius and Cinna, after

of the Carbo whom he had formerly accused), who accompanied him to Gaul, in order to seek out the materials of an accusation; but Crassus disarmed his opposition by courting inquiry, and employing Carbo in the planning and execution of affairs. One of the most celebrated private causes in the annals of Roman jurisprudence was the contest for an inheritance between M. Curius and M. Coponius, which was heard before the centumviri under the presidency of the praetor T. Manilius, in the year B. C. 93. Crassus, the greatest orator of the day, pleaded the cause of Curius, while Q. Scaevola, the greatest living lawyer, supported the claim of Coponius. The state of the case was this. A testator died, supposing his wife to be pregnant, and having directed by will that if the son, who should be born within the next ten months, should die before becoming his own guardian, * " Antequam in suam tutelam pervenisset," i. e. before attaining the age of 14 years, at which age a son would cease to be

ship of C. Marius, that is, in B. C. 100, and consequently 14 years later than the narrative of Florus would lead us to suppose. This also leaves us the usual interval of two years between the praetorship and the consulship, which Didius had in B. C. 98 with Q. Caecilius Metellus. In this year the two consuls carried the lex Caecilia Didia. (Schol. Bob. ad Cic. pro Sext. p. 310; Cic. pro Dom. 16, 20, pro Sext. 64, Philip. 5.3.) Subsequently Didius obtained the proconsulship of Spain, and in B. C. 93 he celebrated a triumph over the Celtiberians. (Fast. Triumph.; Cic. pro Planc. 25.) Respecting his proconsulship of Spain, we learn from Appian (App. Hisp. 99, &c.), that he cut to pieces nearly 20,000 Vaccaeans, transplanted the inhabitants of Termesus, conquered Colenda after a siege of nine months, and destroyed a colony of robbers by enticing them into his camp and then ordering them to be cut down. (Comp. Frontin. Strat. 1.8.5, 2.10.1.) According to Sallust (ap. Gel. 2.27; comp. Plut.

Flaccus, Vale'rius 13. C. Vaerius Flaccus was praetor urbanus in B. C. 98, and, on the authority of the senate, he brought a bill before the people that Calliphana, of Velia, should receive the Roman franchise. [CALLIPHANA.] In B. C. 93 he was consul, with M. Herennius, and afterwards he succeeded T. Didius as proconsul in Spain. As the Celtiberians, who had been most cruelly treated by his predecessors, revolted in the town of Belgida, and burnt all their senators in the senate-house, because they refused to join the people, Flaccus took possession of the town by surprise, and put to death all those who had taken part in burning the senate-house. (Cic. pro Balb. 24; Schol. Bob. ad Cic. p. Flacc. p. 233, ed. Orelli; Appian, Hispan. 100.)

Go'rdius a Cappadocian by birth, the instrument of Mithridates Eupator VI. in his attempts to annex Cappadocia to Pontus. Gordius was employed by him, in B. C. 96, to murder Ariarathes VI. king of Cappadocia [ARIARATHES, No. 6]. He was afterwards tutor of a son of Mithridates. whom, after the murder of Ariarathes VII. he made king of Cappadocia. Gordius was sent as the envoy of Mithridates to Rome, and afterwards employed by him to engage Tigranes, king of Armenia, to attack Cappadocia, and expel Ariobarzanes I., whom the Romans made king of that country in B. C. 93. Sulla restored Ariobarzanes in the following year, and drove Gordius out of Cappadocia. Gordius was opposed to Muraena on the banks of the Halys, B. C. 83-2. (Justin, 38.1-3; App. Mith. 66; Plut. Sull. 5.) [W.B.D]

m a coin (see below), from the cognomen Siculus (V. Max. 9.12.6), and the settlement of an Herennius at Leptis as a merchant (Cic. in Verr. 1.5, 5.59)), one branch at least of the family seems to have been engaged in commerce (Macr. 3.6 ; Serv. ad Aen. 8.363), especially in the Sicilian and African trade, and in the purchase and exportation of the silphium--ferula Tingitana -- (Sprengel, Rei Herbar. p. 84), from Cyrene. (Plin. Nat. 19.3.) The Herennii appear for the first time in the Fasti, B. C. 93. Under the empire they held various provincial and military offices (J. AJ 18.16; Tac. Hist. 4.19; D. C. 67.13; Plin. Ep. 7.33); and the wife of the Emperor Decius (A. D. 249) was Herennia Etruscilla. [ETRUSCILLA; ETRUSCUS.] The cognomens which occur under the republic are BALBUS, BASSUS, CERPINIUS, PONTIUS, and SICULUS. As the surnames of Balbus, Bassus, and Cerrinius, have been omitted under these names, they are placed under the gentile name. For the cognomens under the empire, see the

Here'nnius 6. M. Herennius, was consul in B. C. 93. (Fast.; Obseq. 112.) Although a plebeian and an indifferent orator, he carried his election against the high-born and eloquent L. Marcius Philippus. (Cic. Brut. 45, pro Muren. 17.) Pliny (Plin. Nat. 19, 3) mentions the consulate of Herennius as remarkable for the quantity of Cyrenaic silphium--ferula Tingitana (Sprengel, Rei Herbar. p. 84.), then brought to Rome. This costly drug was worth a silver denarius the pound; and the mercantile connections of the Herennii in Africa may have caused this unusual supply.