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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
000 if to thirty miles, to be determined by a voyage from England to some port in America. John Harrison, born in 1693 at Faulby, near Pontefract, in England, undertook the task, and succeeded after repeated attempts, covering the period 1728 – 1761. His first timepiece was made in 1735; the second in 1739; the third in 1749; the fourth in 1755, the year of the great earthquake at Lisbon. In 1758 his instrument was sent in a king's ship to Jamaica, which it reached 5″ slow. On the return tal′ance. A balance-wheel for a watch or chronometer, so constructed as to make isochronal beats, notwithstanding changes of temperature. It was invented by Harrison, of Foulby, England, who devoted himself for a long series of years — 1728 – 1761 — to the discovery of a mode of overcoming the change of rate due to the expansion and contraction of the balance. The compensation pendulum requires but one adjustment, to maintain the center of gravity at an equal distance at all times,
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
of even Southern Italy is anything but salubrious. The Chinese call a stove which is heated by a furnace a kang; in the ti-kang the flue runs under the floor or pavement of the room; the kao-kang is used for heating their sleeping and sitting places. In the tong-kang the heating flue is carried along the floor, with openings from it at which the heated air and smoke ascend into the spaces of a hollow wall, thus nearly approaching the principle of the chimney. A tong-kang was erected in 1761 by Sir William Chambers for heating the orangery at Kew Palace, near London. In imitation of the Chinese method, he introduced heated air through an air-pipe or flue in contact with the heating flues. The method of obtaining warmth in Persia is by means of a large jar, called a kourcy, sunk in the earthen floor, generally in the middle of the room. This is filled with wood, dung, or other combustible; and when it is sufficiently charred, the mouth of the vessel is shut in with a square
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
Sausage-stuffer and lard-press. 2. (Fiber.) Filling for cushions and mattresses, consisting of cotton, flocking, hair, wool, cork, sponge, hay, straw, tow, flax, moss, curled shreds of wood (Excelsior), etc. Stuff′ing-box. （Machinery.) a. A box with an annular recess around a piston-rod, and provided with a follower and bolts, whereby the packing may be screwed down. The invention of Sir Samuel Morland, an experimenter who lived in the interval between Newcomen and Watt, 1710-1761. Two notable instances are: — Around the piston-rod where it passes through the cylinder-cover; and Around the screw-shaft of a steam-vessel where it passes through the stern beneath the water. b. A sleeve adapted to press a collar of hemp around a piston-rod. A gland. Metallic packing for piston-rods. In Fig. 6009, the packing space is made elliptical, and the follower is perforated for casting in soft alloy as packing. In Fig. 6010, a spring presses against the conical<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
tanning, though practiced immemorially in Europe, undoubtedly originated in the East, which, until very recent times, had almost a monopoly of the finer kinds of leather. In 1730, a man was sent from France to the Levant to learn the process of morocco manufacture, and in 1749 the first European morocco manufactory was established at St. Hippolyte, in Alsace; the art was not fairly developed in France before 1797. This manufacture was subsequently introduced into England and Germany. In 1761, McBride of Dublin, and, in 1770, Johnson, introduced the use of dilute sulphuric acid for swelling the hides. Sumac was used in the first half of the eighteenth century, divi-divi, from Caraccas in 1768. Catechu at a much later period. Steam-heating vats seem to have originated in America, but formed the subject of a French patent of 1822. The quick process was proposed by McBride in 1759, but he extracted the tanning material with lime-water. It was not until 1793-95 that the active