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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Dwight, Timothy 1752-1817 (search)
Dwight, Timothy 1752-1817 Born in Norwich, Conn., Nov. 16, 1828; graduated at Yale in 1849; tutored at Yale 1851-55; Timothy Dwight. Professor of Sacred Literature and New Testament Greek at Yale, 1858-86; president of Yale University, 1886-99, when he resigned the office. President Dwight was one of the American committee on Revision of the Bible from 1878 till 1885. Educator; born in Northampton, Mass., May 14, 1752; graduated at Yale College in 1769, and was a tutor there from 1771 to 1777, when he became an army chaplain, and served until October, 1778. During that time he wrote many popular patriotic songs. He labored on a farm for a few years, preaching occasionally, and in 1781 and 1786 was a member of the Connecticut legislature. In 1783 he was a settled minister at Greenfield and principal of an academy there; and from 1795 until his death was president of Yale College. In 1796 he began travelling in the New England States and in New York during his college
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Engineering. (search)
ng 3,750 tons. In the one case the paying load of an engine was 450 tons; now it is 2,500 tons. Steep grades soon developed a better brake system, and these heavier trains have led to the invention of the automatic brake worked from the engine, and also automatic couplers, saving time and many lives. The capacity of our railways has been greatly increased by the use of electric block-signals. The perfecting of both the railway and its rolling-stock has led to remarkable results. In 1899 Poor gives the total freight tonnage at 975,789,941 tons, and the freight receipts at $922,436,314, or an average rate per ton of 95 cents. Had the rates of 1867 prevailed, the additional yearly cost to the public would have been $4,275,000,000, or sufficient to replace the whole railway system in two and a half years. This much can surely be said: the reduction in cost of operating our railways, and the consequent fall in freight rates, have been potent factors in enabling the United States
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Eustis, James Biddle, 1834-1899 (search)
Eustis, James Biddle, 1834-1899 Diplomatist; born in New Orleans, La., Aug. 27, 1834; was educated in Brookline, Mass., and in the Harvard Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1856, and practised in New Orleans till the beginning of the Civil War, when he entered the Confederate army; served as judge-advocate on the staff of General Magruder till 1862, and then on the staff of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. When the war closed he entered the State legislature, where he served in each House. In 1876 he was elected to the United States Senate to fill a vacancy, and after the expiration of the term took a trip through Europe. Returning to the United States, he was made Professor of Civil Law in the University of Louisiana. In 1884 he was again elected to the United States Senate, and became a member of the James Biddle Eustis. committee on foreign relations. He was appointed minister to France in March, 1893, and had charge of the negotiations which finally secured the release of
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Exemptions from taxation. (search)
nsas. Household furniture up to $200 for each family, private libraries up to $50 and all public libraries, sugar manufactories, school buildings including land not to exceed 5 acres, church property in actual use including land not exceeding 10 acres. Kentucky. Articles manufactured in family for family use, public libraries, certain farm products, all church and school property. Louisiana. Household furniture up to $500, public libraries, school and church property, and until 1899 certain specific manufacturing property. Maine. Household furniture up to $200 for each family, libraries for benevolent or educational institutions, a mechanic's tools necessary for his business, certain farm products, vessels being constructed or repaired, school property, church property in use and parsonages up to $6,000 each. Maryland. Libraries of charitable or educational institutions, tools of mechanics or manufacturers' use by hand, all unsold farm products, school and ch
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Expositions, industrial. (search)
ity. The United States stands alone in maintaining four permanent expositions: one in the former Art Palace of the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, now known as the Field Columbian Museum; another in the former Memorial Hall of the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia; and two, known as Commercial Museums, in Philadelphia. The following is a list of the principal industrial expositions of the world, to nearly all of which the United States has been a large contributor: London, 1851; Cork, 1852; New York, New Brunswick, Madras, and Dublin, each 1853; Munich, 1854; Paris, 1855; Edinburgh and Manchester, each 1857; London, 1862; Paris, 1867; Vienna, 1873; Philadelphia, 1876; Paris, 1878; Atlanta, 1881; Louisville, 1883; New Orleans, 1884-85; Paris, 1889; Chicago, 1893; Atlanta, 1895; Nashville, 1897; Omaha, 1898; Omaha and Philadelphia, each 1899; Paris, 1900; Buffalo and Glasgow, each 1901. For details of the most noteworthy of these expositions, see their respective titles.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ferrero, Edward -1899 (search)
Ferrero, Edward -1899 Military officer; born of Italian parents in Granada, Spain, Jan. 18, 1831; was brought to the United States while an infant. His parents taught dancing, and that became his profession, which he taught at the United States Military Academy. When the Civil War broke out he raised a regiment (Shepard Rifles), and as its colonel accompanied Burnside in his expedition to the coast of North Carolina early in 1862. He commanded a brigade under General Reno, and served in the Army of Virginia, under General Pope, in the summer of 1862. He was promoted to brigadier-general of volunteers in September, and was in the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. He served in the siege of Vicksburg (1863), and commanded a division at the siege of Knoxville, in defence of Fort Sanders. In the operations against Petersburg he led a division of colored troops, and, Dec. 2, 1864, was brevetted major-general of volunteers. He died in New York City, Dec. 11,
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Field, Stephen Johnson 1816-1899 (search)
Field, Stephen Johnson 1816-1899 Jurist; born in Haddam, Conn., Nov. 4, 1816; brother of Cyrus West and David Dudley Field; graduated at Williams College, in 1837; studied law and was admitted to the Stephen Johnson field. bar in 1841. He went to San Francisco in 1849 and opened a law office, but got no clients. In 1850 he settled in Yubaville (afterwards Marysville), which in January of that year had been founded at Nye's Ranch. He was soon made justice of the peace, and for a time was the entire government. In the autumn of 1850 he was elected a member of the first legislature under the State constitution. As a member of the judiciary committee he drew up a code for the government of the State courts, and prepared civil, criminal, and mining laws, which were later generally adopted in the new Western States. In 1857 he was elected a justice of the Supreme Court of California, for the term of six years, but before his term began a vacancy occurred in the court and he was
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fisheries, the. (search)
een rendering independent assistance, both the national and State governments maintaining large hatcheries. The report of the commissioner of fish and fisheries for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, but principally covering the calendar year 1899, shows that the national government distributed 1,164,336,754 fish, an increase, principally of shad, cod, flat-fish, white-fish, and lake trout, of about 100,000,000 over the previous year. The stocking of suitable streams with various species oeries of Rhode Island and Connecticut yielded catches valued at $1,910,684. The lobster fisheries yielded $1,276,900. On the Great Lakes 3,728 persons and 104 vessels were engaged, representing an investment of $2,719,600, and in the calendar year 1899 the catches amounted to 58,393,000 lbs., valued at $1,150,890. About 15,000,000 lake-trout eggs were collected on the spawning grounds of Lake Michigan, and more than 12,000,000 on those of Lake Superior, and at the Lake Erie station more than 337
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Florida, (search)
he people in May, 1868, and, after the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment to the national Constitution, on June 14, Florida was recognized as a reorganized State of the Union. The government was transferred to the State officers on July 4. In 1899 the assessed (full cash value) valuation of taxable property was $93,527,353, and in 1900 the total bonded debt was $1,275,000, of which all excepting $322,500 was held in various. State funds. The population in 1890 was 391,422; in 1900, 528,54o 33d1849 to 1855 Stephen R. Mallory32d to 36th1851 to 1861 David L. Yulee34th to 36th1855 to 1861 [37th, 38th, and 39th Congresses, seats vacant.] Thomas W. Osborn40th to 42d1868 to 1873 Adonijah S. Welch40th1868 to — Abijah Gilbert41st to 43d1869 to 1875 Simon B. Conover43d to 45th1873 to 1879 Charles W. Jones44th to 49th1875 to 1887 Wilkinson Call46th to 54th1879 to 1897 Samuel Pasco50th to 56th1887 to 1899 Stephen R. Mallory54th to —1897 to — James P. Taliaferro56th to —1899
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Freemasonry, (search)
Price on July 30, 1733. Benjamin Franklin, who is supposed to have been initiated in England, published the masonic constitution in 1734; and during the same year Henry Price was constituted grand master over all North America. On Nov. 4, 1752, George Washington became a member of the order and on Aug. 4, 1753, was made a master mason. The first masonic hall in the United States was built in Philadelphia in 1754. The returns of the grand lodges of the United States and British America for 1899-1900 were as follows: Whole number of members, 857,577; raised, 46,175; admissions and restorations, 21,325; withdrawals, 16,603; expulsions and suspensions. 597; suspensions for non-payment of dues, 16,844; deaths, 13,507. Gain in membership over preceding year, 21,028. These grand lodges are in full affiiation with the English grand lodge, of which the Duke of Connaught is the grand master, and the grand lodges of Ireland, Scotland, Cuba, Peru, South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria,
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