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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), California (search)
exports, $43,361,078; imports of gold and silver coin and bullion, $13,734,348; exports, $9,528,309. The production of the precious metals in the calendar year of 1899 was: Gold, $15,197,800; silver, $494,580. In 1900 the total assessed valuation of taxable property was $1,218,228,588, and the total bonded debt was $2,281,500, ne0 to 1883 George Stoneman1883 to 1887 Washington Bartlett1887 Robert W. Waterman1887 to 1891 Henry H. Markhan1891 to 1895 J. H. Budd1895 to 1899 Henry T. Gage1899 to 1903 United States Senators. Name.No. of CongressTerm. John C. Fremont31st1849 to 1851 William M. Gwin31st to 36th1849 to 1861 John B. Weller32d to 34th to 46th1875 to 1881 James T. Farley46th to 48th1879 to 1885 John F. Miller47th to 49th1881 to 1887 Leland Stanford49th to 53d1885 to 1893 George Hearst50th to 51st1887 to 1891 Charles N. Felton52d to 53d1891 to 1893 Stephen M. White53d to 56th1893 to 1899 George C. Perkins53d1893 to —— Thomas R. Bard56th to ——1899
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cape Nome, (search)
Cape Nome, A cape extending from the southern part of the western peninsula of Alaska, which lies between Kotzebue Sound on the north, and Bering Sea on the south. It is about 2,500 miles northwest of Seattle, and 175 miles southeast of Siberia. In September, 1898, gold was first discovered here by a party of Swedes. Since then it has become the centre of a rich gold-mining region, which lies about the lower course of the Snake River, a winding stream emerging from a range of mountains not exceeding from 700 to 1,200 feet in altitude. In October, 1899, Nome City had a population of 5,000 inhabitants living in tents. It is believed that the rapid growth of this town has never been equalled. Early prospecting indicated that the Nome district would compare for richness with the celebrated Klondike (q. v.) region. In the short season of 1899 the yield in gold from this section alone was estimated at $1,500,000.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Carnegie, Andrew 1837- (search)
of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company; invested largely in oil-wells which yielded him a considerable fortune; and then engaged in the manufacture of steel, iron, and coke. He is widely known as a founder and contributor to public libraries, and a promoter of other educational institutions. Among his most notable gifts are the Carnegie Library and Institute, with art gallery, museum, and music hall, in Pittsburg, erected at a cost of over $1,000,000, and endowed with several millions and implied promise for still more; the public library in Washingto, D. C., $350,000; and Cooper Union, New York, $300,000. In 1899-1900 his gifts aggregated about $7,000,000. In March, 1901, he offered $5,200,000 for libraries in New York City, and $1,000,000 for the same purpose in St. Louis. In May, 1901, he gave $10,000,000 to the Scotch universities for educational purposes. He has published Triumphant Democracy; An American four-in-hand in Britain; Round the world; Wealth, etc. See iron and steel.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Caroline Islands (search)
essels arrived at the island of Yop, Aug. 21; the Germans landed and set up their flag, Aug. 24; dispute referred to the Pope; the sovereignty awarded to Spain, with commercial concessions to Germany and Great Britain; agreement signed, Nov. 25; confirmed at Rome, Dec. 17, 1885; natives subdued, Spaniards in full possession, 1891. During the American-Spanish War there were frequent rumors that the United States was about to seize the islands; but the group was sold by Spain to Germany in 1899. The chief American interest in the Caroline Islands lies in the facts that American missionaries began work on the island of Ponape in 1852, the pioneers being believed to have been the first white people to occupy that island; that after the missionary board had expended over $400,000 in its work there were frequent massacres of mission workers; that the missionaries were ultimately expelled by the Spaniards from the islands; and that after much diplomatic correspondence the United States
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cayuga Indians, (search)
mposed of the families of the Turtle, Bear, and Wolf, like the other cantons, and also those of the Beaver, Snipe, Heron, and Hawk. They were represented in the congress of the league by ten sachems. Through Jesuit missionaries the French made fruitless attempts to Christianize the Cayugas and win them over to the French interest, but found them uniformly enemies. During the Revolutionary War the Cayugas were against the colonists. They fought the Virginians at Point Pleasant in 1774. They hung upon the flank and rear of the army under Sullivan that invaded the territory of the Senecas in 1779; but they soon had their own villages destroyed, which greatly annoyed them. After the war they ceded their lands to the State of New York, excepting a small reservation. In 1800 some of them joined the Senecas, some went to the Grand River in Canada, and some to Sandusky, O., whence they were removed to the Indian Territory (q. v.). In 1899 there were only 161 left at the New York agency.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cebu (search)
le trade, and has a cathedral and several churches. It is about 360 miles from Manila, and has a population of 40,000. There are valuable and extensive coal deposits near the town. The China Steam Navigation Company began in 1900 to run a regular steamer from Hong-Kong to the port of Cebu. Hemp was exported from the island in 1899 to the value of $3,151,910; sugar, $770,503; copra, $241,953. The total shipments exceeded by $1,456,000 those of 1898. Imports in 1899 were valued at $1,055,286.le trade, and has a cathedral and several churches. It is about 360 miles from Manila, and has a population of 40,000. There are valuable and extensive coal deposits near the town. The China Steam Navigation Company began in 1900 to run a regular steamer from Hong-Kong to the port of Cebu. Hemp was exported from the island in 1899 to the value of $3,151,910; sugar, $770,503; copra, $241,953. The total shipments exceeded by $1,456,000 those of 1898. Imports in 1899 were valued at $1,055,286.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Charleston, S. C. (search)
e Secession movement; the first act of hostility to the national government occurred here (see Sumter, Fort; Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant); was besieged and bombarded during the last two years of the war; and was evacuated by the Confederates on Feb. 17, 1865. On Aug. 31, 1886, a large part of the city was destroyed by an earthquake, in which many lives were lost. In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, the foreign trade of the port was: Imports, $1,124,671; exports, $7,151,720. In 1899 the assessed valuation of all taxable property was $17,293,458. The population in 1890 was 54,955; in 1900, 55,807. History.—Provoked by the attack on St. Augustine by the South Carolinians in 1706, the Spaniards fitted out an expedition to retaliate. It consisted of five vessels of war, under the command of the French Admiral Le Feboure, bearing a large body of troops from Havana. It was proposed to conquer the province of South Carolina and attach it to Spanish territory in Florida. T
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cherokee Indians, (search)
Missouri could not check the rising insurrection there. The chief men of the Cherokees held a mass-meeting at Tahlequah in August, when, with great unanimity, they declared their allegiance to the Confederate States. Ross still held out, but was finally compelled to yield. At a council held on Aug. 20, he recommended the severance of the connection with the national government. Ross's wife, a young and well-educated woman, still held out; and when an attempt was made to raise a Confederate flag over the council-house, she opposed the act with so much spirit that the Confederates desisted. During the Civil War the Cherokees suffered much. The Confederates would not trust Ross, for his Union feelings were very apparent. When, in 1862, they were about to arrest him, he and his family escaped to the North, and resided in Philadelphia for a while. In 1899 there were 32,161 Cherokees at the Union agency, Indian Territory, and 1,351 at the Eastern Cherokee agency, North Carolina.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cheyenne Indians (search)
massacred about 100 men, women, and children. The whole tribe was fired with a desire for revenge, and a fierce war ensued, in which the United States lost many gallant soldiers and spent between $30,000,000 and $40,000,000. The ill-feeling of the Indians towards the white people remained unabated. Some treaties were made and imperfectly carried out; and, after General Hancock burned one of their villages in 1867, they again made war, and slew 300 United States soldiers and settlers. General Custer defeated them on the Washita, killing their chief, thirty-seven warriors, and two-thirds of their women and children. The northern band of the Cheyennes remained peaceable, refusing to join the Sioux against the white people, in 1865, notwithstanding they were grossly insulted. The Cheyennes now are scattered. In 1899 there were 2,069 Cheyennes at the Cheyenne and Arapahoe agency, Oklahoma; 56 at the Pine Ridge agency, South Dakota; and 1,349 at the Tongue River agency, Montana.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Chicago, (search)
Chicago, City, port of entry, commercial metropolis of Illinois, and second city in the United States in point of population according to the census of 1900.. It is not only the largest city on the Great Lakes, but is also the largest interior Chicago art Institute. city in the country. In 1900 it had an estimated area of 190 1/2 square miles. The equalized valuation of all taxable property in 1899 was $345,196,419, and the net debt was $14,529,042. The city owned real estate and buildings valued at $67,230,742, including a waterworks plant that cost $28,216,399. In the calendar year 1900, the foreign trade of the city was: Imports, $15,272,178; exports, $8,843,603. The population in 1890 was 1,099,850; in 1900 it had reached 1,698,575. Early history.—The site of Chicago was a favorite rendezvous for several tribes of Indians in summer. Its name signifies, in the Pottawatomie tongue, wild onion, or a polecat, both of which abounded in that region. Of the skin of the pole
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