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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), or St. Chryso'stomus (search)
uld have desired to see him his successor in his school, if the Christians had not stolen him. Before his ordination, he retired first to a monastery near Antioch, and afterwards to a solitary cavern, where he committed the whole of the Bible to memory. In this cavern he so injured his health that he was obliged to return to Antioch, where he was ordained deacon by the bishop Meletius, A. D. 381, who had previously baptized him, and afterwards presbyter by Flavianus, successor to Meletius, A. D. 386. At Antioch his success as a preacher was so great, that on the death of Nectarius, archbishop of Constantinople, he was chosen to succeed him by Eutropius, minister to the emperor Arcadius, and the selection was readily ratified by the clergy and people of the imperial city, A. D. 397. The minister who appointed him was a eunuch of infamous profligacy, and Chrysostom was very soon obliged to extend to him the protection of the church. Tribigild, the Ostrogoth, aided by the treachery of Ga
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Didymus (search)
. As professor of theology he was at the head of the school of the Catechumeni, and the most distinguished personages of that period, such as Hieronymus, Rufinus, Palladius, Ambrosius, Evagrius, and Isidorus, are mentioned among his pupils. Works Didymus was the author of a great number of theological works, but most of them are lost. The following are still extant :-- 1. Liber de Spiritu Sancto. The Greek original is lost, but we possess a Latin translation made by Hieronymus, about A. D. 386, which is printed among the works of Hieronymus. Although the author as well as the translator intended it to be one book (Hieronym. Catal. 109), yet Marcianaeus in his edition of Hieronymus has divided it into three books. The work is mentioned by St. Augustin (Quaest. in Exod. 2.25), and Nicephorus (9.17). Editions Separate editions of it were published at Cologne, 1531, 8vo., and a better one by Fuchte, Helmstädt, 1614, 8vo. 2. Breves Enarrationes in Epistolas Canonicas. This work
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Galla (search)
ced her weeping daughter before him, to work at once on his compassion and his love. Galla was eminent for beauty, and the emperor was smitten, and requested her in marriage. Justina refused her consent, except on condition of his undertaking to attack Maximus, and restore Valentinian, to which condition he consented, and they were married, probably about the end of A. D. 387. Tillemont, who rejects the account of Zosimus as inconsistent with the piety of Theodosius, places the marriage in A. D. 386, before the flight of Valentinian; but we prefer, with Gibbon, the account of Zosimus. During the absence of Theodosius in Italy, Galla was turned out of the palace at Constantinople by her step-son, the boy Arcadius, or by those who governed in his name. She died in childbirth, A. D. 394, just as Theodosius was setting out to attack Arbogastes and Eugenius, after giving to Theodosius a daughter, Galla Placidia [No. 3], and apparently a son named Gratian. (Ambros. De Obit. Theodos. Orat. 1
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Gildo (search)
Theodosius the Great. Mazuca was mortally wounded and taken in the course of the war, and Firmus destroyed himself. Gildo rendered good service to Theodosius in this war, and thus apparently paved the way for his future advancement. He subsequently attained the offices of Comes Africae, and Magister utriusque militiae per Africam. If we can trust to an expression of Claudian, that Africa groaned under his government for twelve years, his appointment to these offices must date from about A. D. 386, in the reign of Valentinian II. How he acted when Africa was seized by the rebel Maximus, A. D. 387 or 388, is not known; but from his continuing to hold the government of the province after the revolt of Maximus was quelled, itis probable that he continued faithful. The Codex Theodosianus (9. tit. 7. s. 9) shows that he possessed his high offices in A. D. 393. In the war of Theodosius against Arbogastes and Eugenius (A. D. 394), Gildo acted very ambiguously. It is probable that he profes
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hono'rius (search)
Hono'rius HONORIUS AUGUSTUS (reigned A. D. 395-423), was the second son of Theodosius the Great, by his first wife, Aelia Flacilla. [FLACILLA.] Honorius was born, according to the most trustworthy accounts, 9th Sept. A. D. 384. There is some difference in the ancient authorities, but we agree with Tillemont, who has discussed the matter in a careful note, that Constantinople was his birthplace. (Claudian. In IV. Consulat. Honorii, 121-140.) He was made consul A. D. 386, and appears in the Fasti of Idatius with the designation of Nolilissimus, and in the Chronicon of Prosper Aquitanicus of Nobilissimus Puer; but in the Chronicon of Marcellinus and the Chronicon Paschale with that of Caesar. In A. D. 388 or 389, most probably the latter, at any rate after the usurper Maximus had been defeated, Honorius was sent for from Constantinople into Italy by his faother, whom he accompanied (A. D. 389) when with Valentinian II. he made his triumphal entry into Rome. In A. D. 393, while his fat
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Joannes (search)
Joannes 72. Of JERUSALEM (1), was originally a monk ; but little is known of his history till A. D. 386, when he was elected to succeed Cyril [CYRILLUS, St. of JERUSALEM] as bishop of Jerusalem. He was then not much more than thirty years of age. (Hieron. Epist. 82.8). Some speak of him as patriarch, but Jerusalem was not elevated to the dignity of a patriarchate until the following century. Joannes was a man of insignificant personal appcarance (Hieron. Lib. contra Joan. 100.10), and Jerome, who was disposed to disparage him, thought him a man of small attainments : he acknowledges, however, that others gave him credit for eloquence, talent, and learning (Hieron. Lib. contra Joan. 100.4); and Theodoret calls him a man worthy of admiration (H. E. 5.35). He was acquainted, at least in some degree, with the Hebrew and Syriac languages, but it is doubtful if he was acquainted with Latin. He is said to have been at one period an Arian, or to have sided with the Arians when they were in t
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Siri'cius (search)
ng probably to A. D. 385, requesting information with regard to the state of the Churches in Illyria. III. Ad Episcopos Africae Written on the 6th of January, A. D. 386. It has always been regarded with suspicion and almost proved to be a forgery by the researches of Quesnel (Append. ad Leonis Magni Opera Diss. xv.), although itfound a warm advocate in Baluze. (See his Dissertatio de Concilio Teleptensi.） IV. Ad diversos Episcopos. The original title is lost. Written, probably, about A. D. 386, exhorting the prelates to whom it is addressed to observe closely the rules laid down by the Council of Nice regarding the choice and ordination of bishops. Vles Several epistles have been lost, such as :--Ad Maximum Imperatorem, A. D. 385, praying for the discouragement of the Priscillianists; De Ithacianorum Causa, A. D. 386; Ad Theodosium Imperatorem, against Flavianus; Ad Rufinum, A. D. 398. an account of which, as well as of those falsely attributed to Siricius, will be found in C
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Theodore'tus (search)
yet, but for that one fault, his name would have come down to us consigned to the list of heretics, by men, such as Cyril and Dioscorus, to whose spirit, it is no small praise to Theodoret to say, his conduct displays the most marked contrast. Theodoret was born at Antioch towards the end of the fourth century of our era. The exact year of his birth is uncertain : from a minute examination of the fragments of evidence, which are supplied chiefly by his own works, Garnier has fixed it at A. D. 386; and Tillemont, with greater probability, at A. D. 393. (See their works, quoted at the end of this article.) Theodoret himself, who was naturally infected with the credulity, which was universal in his age,--for even the sceptics of the time were grossly credulous in some matters,--has related various marvels which attended his birth, as well as subsequent passages of his life. His parents were persons of good condition in life, and of distinguished piety; and his mother, especially, had
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Theodo'sius or Theodo'sius the Great (search)
ry. This politic behaviour gained over the whole army of Athanaric; and the adhesion of so large a body of the Visigoths was followed by the submission of the rest. " The general or rather final capitulation of the Goths may be dated four years, one month, and twenty-five days after the defeat and death of the emperor Valens." (Gibbon; comp. Tillemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. v. p. 216.) The Ostrogoths, who had retired from the provinces of the Danube about four years ago, returned (A. D. 386) to the lower course of that river recruited by an army of Scythians, whom none of the inhabitants on the banks of the Danube had ever seen before (Zosimus, 4.38). Promotus, the general on the Thracian frontier, who knew that he was a match for the invaders, thought it prudent to draw them over to the south bank, without letting them wait for their opportunity in the winter; and by his spies he encouraged them to hope that by secretly crossing the river, they might destroy the Roman army.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Tima'sius (search)
Tima'sius FL., a distinguished general in the reign of Theodosius I. He was appointed commander of the cavalry in A. D. 386, and of the infantry in 388, and he was made consul along with Promotus in 389. In 391 Timasius served under Theodosius in his campaign against the barbarians in Macedonia, and in 394 he was made commander of the Roman troops in the war against Eugenius. After the death of Theodosius and the accession of Arcadius, Eutropius, who had unbounded influence over the latter, resolved to ruin all persons of influence in the reign of the late emperor. Timasius was one of his first victims. He was accused of aspiring to the empire, and banished to the Oasis in Africa in 396. (Zosim. 4.45, 57, 5.8, 9; Sozomen, 8.7; Suidas, s.v. Tillemont, Hisoire des Empcreurs, vol. v., and the authorities there quoted.)
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