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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 77 1 Browse Search
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 19 1 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing). You can also browse the collection for Henry Bessemer or search for Henry Bessemer in all documents.

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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Bessemer steel. (search)
Bessemer steel. During the last few years the United States has made a remarkable advance in the production and manufacture of iron and steel, and in no line has this progress been so marked as in the yield of Bessemer steel, that form made from pig-iron from which all the carbon has been removed. The process was invented by Sir Henry Bessemer (born in (Charlton, England, Jan. 13, 1813; diedSir Henry Bessemer (born in (Charlton, England, Jan. 13, 1813; died in London. March 14, 1898), and consists of forcing a current of air through the molten mass of iron. During the calendar year 1899, the production of this form of steel in the United States amount, and more than double the productions of 1894 and 1896). In 1899 the/un> maximum production of Bessemer steel rails \was reached, when the output was 2,240,767 gross tons. In the production of ingotons; Ohio second, with 1,679,237; and Illinois third, with 1,211,246 ; and in the production of Bessemer steel rails Pennsylvania ranked first, with 1,224,807 tons. the remainder being divided betwee
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Engineering. (search)
arry a greater proportion of paying load, and the more cars that one engine could draw in a train, the less would be the cost. It was not until the invention by Bessemer in 1864 of a steel of quality and cost that made it available for rails that much heavier cars and locomotives could be used. Then came a rapid increase. As soon as Bessemer rails were made in this country, the cost fell from $175 per ton to $50, and now to $26. Before that time a wooden car weighed 16 tons, and could carry a paying load of 15 tons. The 30-ton engines of those days could not draw on a level over thirty cars weighing 900 tons. The pressed steel car of to-day weighleness, was only used for tools and special purposes until past the middle of the nineteenth century. This has been all changed by the invention of his steel by Bessemer in 1864, and open-hearth steel in the furnace of Siemens, perfected some twenty years since by Gilchrist & Thomas. The United States have taken the lead in st
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Morrill, Justin Smith 1810- (search)
s, that protection puts the chief burden upon the foreigner, who is compelled to pay the duty or give an equivalent by reducing the price of his products. They also claim that, in the long run, the consumers supply their wants at less cost than would be possible without protested home competition. For example, years ago moquette carpets brought $5 to $6 per yard, but under protection, and owing to a loom invented by an American, they are now sold at $1.50 per yard and sometimes for less. Bessemer steel rails in 1867 brought $166 per ton, but with a protective duty the price in 1885 was only $28.50 per ton, and $27.50 in 1888. From 1867 to 1888 there were made in the United States 15,803,011 tons of steel rails, and 1,256,857 tons were imported. This new industry gives employment to many thousands of people, and presents only a single example of many showing the creation, as well as the increase, of the wage fund by protection. American railroads unquestionably obtained their st
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Steam navigation. (search)
Oceanic, with saloons and state-rooms amidships instead of in the stern1870 Netherlands line established, 1872; Red Star line1873 Steamship Faraday, 5,000 tons, 360 feet long, 52 feet wide, and 36 feet deep, launched at NewcastleFeb. 17, 1874 First export of live cattle by steamer, 373 head, shipped from United States to England in the steamship EuropeanJuly, 1874 Dead-meat trade between United States and England by refrigeration commences on White Star liners Celtic and Britannic1874 Bessemer saloon steamer launched at Hull, Sept. 24, 1874, makes first voyage to GravesendMarch 5, 1875 Thingvalla line established1879 Anthracite, a steamer 84 feet long, planned by Loftus Perkins, of England, with very high-pressure engines, crosses the Atlantic, 3,316 miles, in 22 1/2 days, consuming only twenty-five tons of coal1880 Cunard steamer Etruria arrives at Quarantine, port of New York, one hour before the McKinley bill goes into effect, and Captain Haines reaches the custom-house