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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 7 3 Browse Search
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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
y's face had slipped down over her bosom. The term encaustic at the present day is mostly confined to colors burnt in on vitreous or ceramic ware. By the ancient method, according to Pliny, the colors were made up into crayons with wax, and, the subject being traced on the ground with a metallic point, the colors were melted on the picture as they were used. A coating of melted wax was then evenly spread over all, and, when it was quite cold, was polished. The art was revived by Count Caylus in 1753. The wood or canvas is coated with wax, which is warmed at the fire. The colors are mixed with white wax and powdered mastic, which are rubbed smooth with gum-water and applied with a brush. The surface is coated with white wax and polished. En-caustic-brick. Diodorus Siculus relates that the bricks of the walls of Babylon, erected under the orders of Semiramis, had all sorts of living creatures portrayed in various colors upon the bricks before they were burnt. En-cau
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
ese little colored cubes a picture is built up, copying some celebrated work of the Italian or other masters. The pieces are inserted, one by one, in a bed of cement, which dries to extreme hardness; each piece is ground at a kind of lathe to the exact shape required by the particular tint in each part of the picture; and when the picture is completed by this extremely slow process, the surface is ground down and polished. The two specimens of glass mosaic described by Winckelmann and Count Caylus, in the last century, seem to have been of a somewhat different kind, for they presented a complete picture on each surface. They consisted of colored glass fibers fitted together with the utmost exactness, and cemented by fusion into a solid mass. Glass-ov′en. A heated chamber in which justmade glass in sheets or ware is placed to cool gradually. A glass-anncaling furnace; a leer. See annealing. Glass-paint′ing. Glass-painting is thus distinguished from glass-staining: t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
a plow of this kind would produce its maximum effect. Poor as they are, they are substantially similar to those used at the present day in the greater part of Europe, as may be seen by a comparison of the plows in Fig. 3821. h is an ancient plow copied from Niebuhr, and is stated by him to be similar to the implement used to this day in Egypt and Arabia With such tools, it was no wonder that Rome and Constantinople depended upon the alluvial valley of Egypt. i j are two wheeled-plows from Caylus's collection of Greek antiquities, and k is from an ancient Sicilian medal illustrated by Lasteyrie. l is a modern plow of Castile, and m is the plow now used in Sicily. It is hardly as good a one as that shown at k, which is a plow of the Greek occupation over 2,000 years since, before Syracuse fell under the attack of Marcellus, 212 B. C. It still lacks the mold-board. n shows the modern Roman plow, with a broad flat share. The diverging wings form a wedge which divides and turns over
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
tc. See stake. Ta′ble-di′a-mond. （Diamond-cutting.) Table-cutting is adopted with flat, thin gems, which have not sufficient protuberance to be cut as rose diamonds or brilliants. Ta′ble-fork. The table-fork is a modern invention. Many centuries before its common use the article was known. It appears to have been a matter of taste and cleanliness with some persons in Constantinople as early as the eleventh century. One of silver, from a ruin on the Via Appia, is engraved by Caylus, as a classical antique. They are stated to have been brought from China to Italy, where, in Coryatt's time, they were of silver, iron, and steel, and used by gentlemen They are mentioned in a charter of Ferdinand I., king of Spain, A. D. 1101, and in the wardrobe accounts of Edward I. of England. See also fork. Forks are made from rods of steel, about 3/8 inch square. The tang and shank are first roughly formed, and cut off with about an inch of the square rod, which is drawn out f
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
de of the purest gold, the finest silver, or plated brass, as well as into vast lakes, curious tanks, and amazing reservoirs, and fountains of Grecian marble, beautifully carved. In this palace, too, was an astonishing jet d'eau, which raised the water to a considerable hight, and the like of which was nowhere to be seen in the East or West. — Makkaris (Arabic), History of the Mohammedan dynasties of Spain. Wa′ter-plate. One heated by water in the jacket, to keep the viands warm. Count Caylus has engraved a very handsome specimen of one. Wa′ter-press. Another name for the hydro-static press (which see). Wa′ter-press′ure En′gine. An engine used where there is a considerable fall of water of moderate quantity. It is used in some of the German mines. The water under pressure drives a piston in a cylinder, somewhat in the manner of steam. The name is sometimes applied to the turbinewheel, which was first used on the Continent of Europe, and, in some remarkabl