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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Abbott, Lyman, 1835- (search)
ng into a formal alliance as is here suggested, are dependent upon the moral advantage to the world which would grow out of it. It is true that in a sense the United States is neither a Christian nor an Anglo-Saxon nation. It is not officially Christian, if thereby is meant a nation which gives political or financial advantage to one religion or another. It is not Anglo-Saxon, if thereby is meant a nation which sets itself to confer political power upon one race over another. But though it iational history and the genesis of its political institutions, the United States is of kin to Great Britain. The two represent the same essential political ideals; they are both democratic; they both represent the same ethical ideals; they are Christian; and they both represent the same race leadership: they are Anglo-Saxon. In so far as their conjoint influence dominates the world, it will carry with it a tendency towards liberty in the political institutions organized, a tendency towards Ch
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ingersoll, Robert Green 1833- (search)
ed for revenge. In 1802 the people of the United States had exceedingly crude ideas about the liberty of thought and expression. Neither had they any conception of religious freedom. Their highest thought on that subject was expressed by the word toleration, and even this toleration extended only to the various Christian sects. Even the vaunted religious liberty of colonial Maryland was only to the effect that one kind of Christian should not fine, imprison and kill another kind of Christian, but all kinds of Christians had the right, and it was their duty, to brand, imprison and kill infidels of every kind. Paine had been guilty of thinking for himself and giving his conclusions to the world without having asked the consent of a priest—just as he had published his political opinions without leave of the king. He had published his thoughts on religion and had appealed to reason—to the light in every mind, to the humanity, the pity, the goodness which he believed to be in e
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New Amsterdam. (search)
reedom and toleration there in a degree, the population increased, and the Dutch were soon largely mixed with other nationalities When a stranger came, they did not ask him what was his creed or nation, but only, Do you want a lot and to become a citizen? The Hollanders had more enlarged views of the rights of conscience than any other people at that time. New, like old, Amsterdam became quite a cosmopolitan town. Of the latter, Andrew Marvell quaintly wrote: Hence Amsterdam, Turk, Christian, pagan, Jew, Staple of sects and mint of schism grew; That bank of conscience where not one so strange. Opinion but finds credit and exchange; In vain for Catholics ourselves we bear— The Universal Church is only there. When New Amsterdam was surrendered to the English (1664) it contained more than 300 houses and about 1,500 people. On the return of Governor Stuyvesant from his expedition against the Swedes on the Delaware he found the people of his capital in the wildest confusion. V
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Paine, Robert treat, Jr. 1773-1811 (search)
Paine, Robert treat, Jr. 1773-1811 Poet, son of the signer; born in Taunton, Mass., Dec. 9, 1773; graduated at Harvard University in 1792; was originally named Thomas, but in view of the character of Thomas Paine, author of Common sense, he had it changed by the legislature, he desiring, as he said, to bear a Christian name. He became a journalist and a poet, and was the author of the popular ode entitled Adams and liberty. He became a lawyer in 1802, and retired from the profession in 1809. His last important poem—The Steeds of Apollo—was written in his father's house in Boston. He died in Boston, Nov. 13, 1811. Adams and liberty. In the spring and early summer of 1798 a war-spirit of great intensity excited the American people. The conduct of France towards the United States and its ministers had caused the American government to make preparations for war upon the French. In June Paine was engaged to write a patriotic song to be sung at the anniversary of the Massac
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Quakers, Christian (search)
Quakers, Christian In 1692 there was a schism among the Friends, or Quakers, in Pennsylvania, caused by the action of George Keith, a Scotch Friend, formerly surveyor of east Jersey, and at this time master of the Friends' school at Philadelphia. He was a champion of the Quakers against Cotton Mather and the Boston ministers. He pressed the doctrine of non-resistance to its logical conclusion, that this principle was not consistent with the exercise of political authority. He also attacked negro slavery as inconsistent with those principles. So sharply did Keith criticise the shortcomings of his co-religionists that he was disowned by the Yearly Meeting, when he forthwith instituted a meeting of his own, to which he gave the name of Christian Quakers. A Testimony of Denial was put forth against Keith, who replied in a published address, in which he handled his adversaries without mercy. The Quaker magistrates fined him for insolence, and William Bradford, the only printer
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Seabury, Samuel 1729- (search)
White in the revision of the Book of common prayer, and in framing the constitution of the Church, which was adopted in 1789. He was buried in a church-yard at New London, and over his grave was placed a plain monument of marble, upon the recumbent slab of which, after the Bishop Seabury's monument. usual obituary record, are the following laudatory words: Ingenious without pride, learned without pedantry, good without severity, he was duly qualified to discharge the duties of the Christian and the bishop. In the pulpit he enforced religion; in his conduct he exemplified it. The poor he assisted with his charity; the ignorant he blessed with his instruction. First Great seal of the United States. this is the size of the recumbent seal which has been in use ever since the date of its adoption in 1782. The friend of men, he ever designed their good; the enemy of vice, he ever opposed it. Christian! dost thou aspire to happiness? Seabury has shown the way that leads to it.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Slavery. (search)
ply. The conduct of the King caused Jefferson to write as follows in his first draft of the Declaration of Independence: He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, capturing arid carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur a miserable death in their transportation thither. This piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the Christian King of Great Britain. Determined to keep open a market where men should be bought and sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce. This paragraph was stricken out of the Declaration of Independence before the committee submitted it to a vote of the Congress. The unwise regulations of the trustees of Georgia, which crushed incentives to industry and thrift, and other causes which exist in all new se
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Toleration acts. (search)
g many acts and orders concerning the government and for the punishment of crimes, it was decreed that These are the laws that concern all men, and these are the penalties for the transgression thereof, which by common consent are ratified and established throughout the whole colony; and otherwise than thus, what is herein forbidden, all men may walk as their consciences persuade them, every one in the name of his God. This act of toleration was so broad and absolute that it would include Christian, Jew, Mohammedan, Parsee, Buddhist, or pagan. The General Assembly of Maryland, convened at St. Mary's, April 2, 1649, after enacting severe punishments for the crime of blasphemy, and declaring that certain penalties should be inflicted upon any one who should call another a sectarian name of reproach, adopted the declaration that whereas the enforcing of conscience in matters of religion hath frequently fallen out to be of dangerous consequence in those commonwealths where it has be
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Tennessee, (search)
e purchase from the Indians a tract of country between the Kentucky and Cumberland rivers, which they call Transylvania......March 17, 1775 Watauga purchased from the Indians, and deed of conveyance to Charles Robertson executed......March 19, 1775 Watauga settlers march against advancing Cherokees, and disperse them in a battle near Long Island Fort......July 20, 1776 Cherokees under old Abraham attack the fort at Watauga, but are repulsed......July 21, 1776 Forces under Col. William Christian destroy the Cherokee towns in east Tennessee......1776 Washington county, including all of Tennessee, created by law of North Carolina......November, 1777 Richard Hogan, Spencer, Holliday, and others come from Kentucky and begin a plantation near Bledsoe's Lick......1778 Capt. James Robertson and others from Watauga cross the Cumberland Mountains, pitch their tents near French Lick, and plant a field of corn where Nashville now stands......1779 Eleven Chickamauga Indian t
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Colony of Virginia, (search)
ring interest, would soon bring about an accommodation. This show of timidity and temporizing roused the fire of patriotism in the bosom of Henry, and he made an impassioned speech, which electrified all hearers and has become in our history an admired specimen of oratory. The resolutions to prepare for defence were passed, St. John's Church. and Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Robert C. Nicholas, Benjamin Harrison, Lemuel Riddick, George Washington, Adam Stephen, Andrew Lewis, William Christian, Edmund Pendleton, Thomas Jefferson, and Isaac Lane were appointed a commitee to prepare a plan accordingly. Their plan for embodying the militia was adopted, and Virginia prepared herself for the conflict. Provision was made for the enrolment of a company of volunteers in each county. The convention reappointed the Virginia delegates to seats in the second Continental Congress, adding Thomas Jefferson, in case of the nonattendance of Peyton Randolph. Henry had said, prophetically,
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