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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 11 1 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition. 6 0 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Braddock, Edward, 1695- (search)
colonel teach a British general how to fight! The army moved on, recrossed the river to the north side, and were marching in fancied security at about noon, when they were suddenly assailed by volleys of bullets and clouds of arrows on their front and flanks. They had fallen into an ambush, against which Washington had vainly warned Braddock. The assailants were French regulars, Canadians, and Indians, less than 1,000 in number, under De Beaujeu, who had been sent from Fort Duquesne by Contrecoeur and who fell at the first onslaught. The suddenness of the attack and the horrid war-whoop of the Indians, which the British regulars had never heard before, disconcerted them, and they fell into great confusion. Braddock, seeing the peril, took the front of the fight, and by voice and example encouraged his men. For more than two hours the battle raged fearfully. Of eighty-six English officers sixty-three were killed or wounded: so, also, were one-half the private soldiers. All of Br
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Celoron de Bienville (search)
ompany was formed partly for the purpose of planting English settlements in the disputed territory. The French determined to counteract the movement by pre-occupation; and in 1749 the governor of Canada, the Marquis de la Galissoniere, sent Celeron with subordinate officers, cadets, twenty soldiers, 180 Canadians, thirty Iroquois, and twenty-five Abenakes, with instructions to go down the Ohio River and take formal possession of the surrounding country in the name of the King of France. Contrecoeur, afterwards in command at Fort Duquesne, and Coulon de Villiers accompanied him as chief lieutenants. Celoron was provided with a number of leaden tablets, properly inscribed, to bury at different places as a record of pre-occupation by the French. The expedition left Lachine on June 15, ascended the St. Lawrence, crossed Lake Ontario, arrived at Niagara July 6, coasted some distance along the southern shores of Lake Erie, and then made an overland journey to the head-waters of the Al
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Contrecoeur 1730- (search)
Contrecoeur 1730- Military officer; born in France about 1730; came to America as an officer in the French army; and in 1754 went up the Alleghany River with 1,000 men to prevent the British from making settlements in the Ohio Valley, which France claimed under the treaty of Aix. The British fort on the site of Pittsburg was taken by Contrecoeur, and renamed Fort Duquesne. When Braddock, with over 2,000 troops, advanced against it, Captain Beaujeu, who had arrived to relieve the place, routed the army of Braddock, July 9, 1755. Although Contrecoeur remained in the fort he was wrongly given the credit of the victory, and as Beaujeu had fallen he continth over 2,000 troops, advanced against it, Captain Beaujeu, who had arrived to relieve the place, routed the army of Braddock, July 9, 1755. Although Contrecoeur remained in the fort he was wrongly given the credit of the victory, and as Beaujeu had fallen he continued in command. To him were due the subsequent Indian atrocities.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Duquesne, Fort, (search)
Duquesne, Fort, A fortification erected by the French on the site of the city of Pittsburgh., Pa., in 1754. While Captain Trent and his company were building this fort, Captain Contrecoeur, with 1,000 Frenchmen and eighteen cannon, went down the Alleghany River in sixty bateaux and 300 canoes, took possession of the unfinished fortification, and named it Fort Duquesne, in compliment to the captaingeneral of Canada. Lieutenant-Colonel Washington, with a small force, hurried from Cumberland to recapture it, but was made a prisoner, with about 400 men, at Fort Necessity. In 1755 an expedition for the capture of Fort Duquesne, commanded by Gen. Edward Braddock (q. v.)marched from Will's Creek (Cumberland) on June 10, about 2,000 strong, British and provincials. On the banks of the Monongahela Braddock was defeated and killed on July 9, and the expedition was ruined. Washington was a lieutenant-colonel under Braddock in the expedition against Fort Duquesne, in 1755, and in that
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 5: (search)
, or destroy all who interrupted the English settlements. Kennedy's Serious Considerations, 21, 23, &c. But as soon as spring opened the Western rivers, chap. V.} 1754. and before Washington could reach Will's Creek, the French, led by Contrecoeur, came down from Venango, and summoned the English at the Fork to surrender. Only thirty-three in number, they, on the seventeenth of April, capitulated and withdrew. Contrecoeur occupied the post, which he fortified, and, from the governor oContrecoeur occupied the post, which he fortified, and, from the governor of New France, named Duquesne. The near forest-trees were felled and burned; cabins of bark, for barracks, were built round the fort, and at once, among the charred stumps, wheat and maize sprung up on the scorched fields where now is Pittsburgh. Come to our assistance as soon as you can; such was the message sent by the Half-King's wampum to Washington; come soon, or we are lost, and shall never meet again. I speak it in the grief of my heart. And a belt in reply announced the approach of
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition., Chapter 8: (search)
y, when a very heavy and quick fire was heard in the front. Aware of Braddock's progress by the fidelity of their scouts, the French had resolved on an ambuscade. Twice in council the Indians declined the enterprise. I shall go, said De Beaujeu, and will you suffer your father to go alone? I am sure we shall conquer; and, sharing his confidence, they pledged themselves to be his companions. Relation depuis le Depart des Troupes du Quebec, jusqu'au 30 Sept. 1755. At an early hour, Contrecoeur, the commandant at Fort Duquesne, detached De Beaujeu, Dumas, and De Lignery, with less than two hundred and thirty French and Canadians, and six hundred and thirty-seven savages, Zzz of the troops, and on the hills which overhung the chap. VIII.} 1755. right flank, invisible, yet making the woods re-echo their war-whoop, fired irregularly, but with deadly aim, at the fair mark offered by the compact body of men beneath them. None of the English that were engaged would say they saw