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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
are made by the passage of air past reeds which simulate the larynx, and modulated by artificial tongue, palate, teeth, and lips. The drawing automaton constructed by M. Droz, of the Chaux de Fronds, was a figure of a man the size of life, operated by clock-work and springs, and capable of executing six different drawings. It used a metallic style, and drew on vellum. The transitions from one point to another were done by lifting the style, without slurring. It is fully described in Dr. Hutton's Mathematical Dictionary. M. Malliardet's writing automaton executed four pieces of writing in French and English. It was the figure of a boy resting upon one knee and drawing with a pen upon paper laid on a brass tablet. The writing consisted in each case of several lines, and, after finishing each line, the figure returned to the beginning of the line to dot and cross the letters. The hand has two horizontal and one vertical motion; the down strokes of the pen were made relatively
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
arranged upon a standing frame (Fig. 546). The string was retracted by a tackle, and was cast loose by some device, projecting a dart or a stone, as the case might be. The dart or stone lay upon a table, and was adjusted against the string before casting off. Bal-lis′tic Pen′du-lum. This instrument is designed to determine the velocity of projectiles of cannon and small-arms. It was invented by Robbins about 1760, and described by him in his tract on Gunnery. It has been improved by Hutton and Gregory, in England; Piobert and Morin, in France; and Mordecai, in the United States. The original instrument consisted of an iron bar suspended by a transverse axis, and having a block of wood strengthened with iron plates to receive the impact of the ball. On being struck, the block swung like a pendulum, and pulled a ribbon through an orifice in the fixed framework. The length of the ribbon withdrawn is considered equal to the chord of the are of vibration. The use of the pen
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
ondition for some six weeks, after which it began to dry up, though still preserving its natural color. Chloride of zinc and sulphate of soda are also sometimes used. A more simple form of preparation for injection, well suited for anatomical purposes, consists of glycerine, 14 parts; soft sugar, 2 parts; nitrate of potash, 1 part. It is found that, after saturation for some days in this solution, the parts become comparatively indestructible, and change neither in size nor figure. Dr. Hutton's (1863) composition is 4 pounds of zinc dissolved in 6 pounds muriatic acid, to which are added 1 gallon alcohol, 2 drams arsenic, and 1 dram corrosive sublimate; the fluid is injected into the arteries in a heated state. Dr. Morgan's (English, 1864) is 6 pounds common salt, 1 1/2 pounds nitrate potash, 1 1/2 pounds powdered alum, and 2 drams to 1 ounce arseniate of potash. This, in the form of a solution, is injected into the heart. This process embraces some peculiarities in the m
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
f separated by an interval, as in peripteral. Pseu′do-scope. An optical instrument invented by Wheatstone for producing an apparent reversion of the relief of an object to which it is directed, by the transposition of the distances of the points which compose it. A false impression is thus conveyed to the eye, a globe becoming apparently concave and a hollow body assuming a convex form. Psy-chrom′e-ter. A form of hygrometer invented by August. It is on the principle suggested by Hutton, and employed by Leslie in his differential thermometer. It has two very sensitive thermometers freely suspended to the same frame. Of the two bulbs, one is wrapped with linen rags and the other is free. The wrapped bulb is moistened and the evaporation is rapid in proportion to the hygrometric condition of the air. The evaporation reduces the temperature of the inclosed bulb and the mercury sinks. From the different indications of the two thermometers the amount of moisture in the air
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
g-hook is a curved blade of steel set in a short handle. It has no teeth, and this distinguishes it from the sickle. It superseded the sickle in the Reaper-knife grinder. best agricultural counties of England before the reaping-machine appeared. The Hainault scythe is a reapinghook. See scythe. It is called the scythe-hook in Scotland, and is there credited to the Irish. The Dutch hook is broad, thin, more nearly circular, but does not reach into the grain so far. Ichabod! Hutton's reaping-hook (English) is serrated from the point through half its length only. Reaper-knife sharpener. Reaping-hooks. Reap′ing-ma-chine′. （Husbandry.) A machine for cutting grain in the field. See reaper. Rear′ing-bit. （Menage.) A bit having a curved mouth-piece, which forms the flattened side of a ring, to each side of which are attached driving-rein rings, while on the lower side is another ring of the same size, into which the martingale-strap is buckled, to