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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 8 0 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Howard, Oliver Otis 1830- (search)
at Gettysburg (q. v.), Lookout Valley, and Missionary Ridge; also in the relief of Knoxville, late in the year. In 1864 he was in command of the Army of the Tennessee, and was in all of the battles in the Atlanta campaign. The right of Sherman's army, on its march to the sea, was commanded by him, as well as in the march through the Carolinas afterwards. In December, 1864, he was made a brigadier-general in the regular army, and was afterwards brevetted major-general. At the conclusion of the war General Howard was made commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, and held the office until the bureau was closed, in June, 1872. Trustee and president of Howard University, he resigned in April, 1873. In 1877 he commanded the expedition against the Oliver Otis Howard, during the Civil War. Nez Perces Indians; in 1878 the campaigns against the Bannocks and Piutes; in 1880-82 was superintendent of the Military Academy; in 1886 was promoted to major-general; and, Nov. 8, 1894, was retired.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Sahaptin Indians, (search)
Sahaptin Indians, A family regarded as a distinct nation of Indians within the domains of the United States. It is one of the nine Columbian families in the States of Oregon and Washington. Their country extends from the Dalles of the Columbia River to the Bitter Root Mountains on both sides of the Columbia, and on the forks of the Lewis and the Snake and Sahaptin rivers. The nation includes the Nez Perces (q. v.) or Sahaptins proper, the Walla Wallas, and other clans of less importance. On the northern border are the Salish family, chiefly in the British possessions, and on the southern the Shoshones. They are of medium stature; the men are brave and muscular, and dignified in appearance; the women plump and generally handsome; and some of the tribes, especially the Nez Perces, are neat in their personal appearance. With the exception of the latter, none of the Sahaptin nation have figured in the history of the republic. See Nez Perces Indians.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), St. Augustine, (search)
ohn, and there the unfortunate Ribault and his followers were slain (see Ribault, Jean). Such was the human sacrifice at the founding of St. Augustine, now the oldest. town in the United States. Oglethorpe's expedition against St. Augustine. Soon after the beginning of Queen Anne's War (see Anne, Queen), Governor Moore, of South Carolina, proposed an expedition against the Spaniards at St. Augustine. The Assembly appropriated $10,000 for the service. An army of 1,200 men (one-half Indians) was raised, and proceeded in two divisions to the attack. The governor,. with the main division, went by sea to. blockade the harbor, and the remainder, under Colonel Daniels, proceeded along the coast. The latter arrived first and plundered the town, the Spaniards retiring within their fortress with provisions for four months. Their position was impreg– nable, for the Carolinians had no artillery. Daniels went to Jamaica to procure battering cannon, but before his return two Spanish
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), St. Clair, Arthur 1734-1818 (search)
es from Fort Washington, and garrisoned it. Forty-two miles farther on they built Fort Jefferson, and, when moving from that post, late in October, there were evidences that Indian scouts were hovering on their flanks. The invaders halted and encamped on a tributary of the Wabash, in Darke county, O., 100 miles north from Fort Washington (now Cincinnati). There the wearied soldiers slept (Nov. 3), without suspicion of danger near. During the night the sentinels gave warning of prowling Indians, and early the next morning, while the army were preparing for breakfast, they were furiously attacked by the barbarians. The slaughter among the troops was dreadful. General Butler was killed, and most of the other officers were slain or wounded. The army fled in confusion, and it was with great difficulty that St. Clair escaped on a pack-horse, after having three horses killed under him. Among the fugitives were 100 women, wives of soldiers, most of whom escaped. St. Clair lost nearly