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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Powhatan Indians, (search)
Powhatan Indians, A branch of the Algonquian family, which composed a confederacy of about thirty bands, including the Accohannocks and Accomacs, on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay. Their sagamore was Powhatan (q. v.). After Powhatan's death his people made two attempts (1622, 1644) to exterminate the English, but they themselves were so weakened by the contest that the confederacy fell in pieces at the death of Opechancanough, Powhatan's brother and successor. Of all that once great confederacy in lower Virginia, not one representative, it is believed, exists on earth, nor one tongue speaks the dialect.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Presque Isle, Fort (search)
Presque Isle, Fort Was the chief point of communication between Fort Pitt (now Pittsburg) and Fort Niagara. It was on the site of Erie, Pa., and in June, 1763, was garrisoned by twenty-four men. On the 20th it was attacked by Indians, and, after defending it two days, the commander, paralyzed by terror, surrendered the post. Several of the garrison were murdered, and the commander and a few others were carried to Detroit. Here was erected one of the chain of French forts in the wilderness which excited the alarm and jealousy of the English colonists in America and the government at home. It was intended by the French as an important entrepot of supplies for the interior forts.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Puritans, (search)
amongst the devils and blasphemers in hell forever. The feeling against the Indians at the close of King Philip's War among the New-Englanders was that of intense bitterness and savage hatred. It was Old Puritan meeting-house, Hingham, Mass. manifested in many ways; and when we consider the atrocities perpetrated by the Indians, we cannot much wonder at it. The captives who fell into the hands of the Rhode-Islanders were distributed among them as servants and slaves. A large body of Indians, assembled at Dover N. H., to treat for peace, were treacherous ly seized by Major Waldron. About 200 of them were claimed as fugitives from Massachusetts, and were sent to Boston, where some were hanged and the remainder sent to Bermuda and sold as slaves. To have been present at the Swamp fight was adjudged by the authorities of Rhode Island sufficient foundation for putting an Indian to death. Death or slavery was the penalty for all known to have shed English blood. Some fishermen a
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Putnam, Israel 1718- (search)
ting Israel Putnam in 1776. securely in his intrenchments at Lake George after his repulse at Ticonderoga, two or three of his convoys had been cut off by French scouting-parties, and he sent out Majors Rogers and Putnam to intercept them. Apprised of this movement, Montcalm sent Molang, an active partisan, to waylay the English detachment. While marching through the forest (August, 1758), in three divisions, within a mile of Fort Anne, the left, led by Putnam, fell into an ambuscade of Indians, who attacked the English furiously, uttering horrid yells. Putnam and his men fought bravely. His fusee at length missed fire with the muzzle at the breast of a powerful Indian, who, with a loud war-whoop, sprang forward and captured the brave leader. Binding Putnam to a tree (where his garments were riddled by bullets), the chief fought on. The Indians were defeated, when his captor unbound Putnam and took him deeper into the forest to torture him. He was stripped naked and bound to a
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Quakers. (search)
rm military duty or take an oath in Maryland they were subject to fines and imprisonment, but were not persecuted there on account of their religious views. When, in 1676, George Fox was in Maryland, his preaching was not hindered. He might be seen on the shores of the Chesapeake, preaching at the evening twilight, when the labors of the day were over, to a multitude of people, comprising members of the legislature and other distinguished men of the province, yeomen, and large groups of Indians, with chiefs and sachems, their wives and children, all led by their emperor. Fenwick, one of the purchasers of west Jersey, made the first settlement of members of his sect at Salem. Liberal offers were made to Friends in England if they would settle in New Jersey, where they would be free from persecution, and in 1677 several hundred came over. In March a company of 230 came in the ship Kent. Before they sailed King. Charles gave them his blessing. the Kent reached New York in Aug
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Quebec. (search)
f Abraham. The upper town was surrounded by a fortified wall. At the mouth of the St. Charles the French had moored several floating batteries, and, apprised of the expedition, had taken vigorous measures to strengthen the port. Beyond the St. Charles, and between it and the Montmorency, a river which enters the St. Lawrence a few miles below Quebec, lay Montcalm's army, almost equal in numbers to that of Wolfe, but composed largely of Near the place, where Wolfe landed. Canadians and Indians. This camp was strongly intrenched, and, overhanging the St. Lawrence, and extending a great distance above Quebec, the Heights, almost perpendicular on the river-front, seemed to present an almost impregnable barrier of defence. Wolfe found a great advantage in his naval superiority, which gave him full command of the river. On the south side of the St. Lawrence, opposite Quebec, was Point Levi, occupied by some French troops. This post Wolfe seized (July 30) without much opposition, o
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Queenston, battle of. (search)
about to ascend the heights, when their commander was mortally wounded at the foot of the hill. Wool was left master of the heights until the arrival of General Wadsworth, of the New York militia, who took the chief command. General Sheaffe, who succeeded Brock, again rallied the troops. Lieutenant-Colonel Scott had crossed the river and joined the Americans on the heights as a volunteer, and at the request of General Wadsworth he took active command. Early in the afternoon a crowd of Indians, led by John Brant, son of the great Mohawk chief, fell upon the American pickets with a horrid war-whoop. The militia were about to flee, when the towering form and trumpet-toned voice of Scott arrested their attention. He inspired the troops, now about 600 strong, to fall upon the Indians, who turned and fled in terror to the woods. General Van Rensselaer, who had come over from Lewiston, hastened back to send over more militia. About 1,000 had come over in the morning, but few had
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Rale, Sebastian 1658- (search)
first stationed as a missionary among the Abenake Indians, near the Falls of the Chaudiere. Then he was sent to the Illinois country, and as early as 1695 he established a mission among the Abenakes at Norridgewock, on the Kennebec River. He acquired great influence over the Indians, accompanying them on their hunting and fishing excursions. The English accused him of instigating savage forays on the New England frontiers, and a price was set upon his head. They burned his mission church in 1705. It was rebuilt, and in 1722 Rale's cabin and church were plundered by New England soldiers, who carried away his Dictionary of the Abenake language, which is preserved in manuscript in the library of Harvard University. It has been printed (1833) by the Academy of Arts and Sciences. On Aug. 12, 1724, Father Rale was shot at the mission cross, Norridgewock, Me., by some New-Englanders with a number of Indians. In August, 1833, Bishop Fenwick (R. C.) erected a monument to his memory.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ramsey, Alexander (search)
Ramsey, Alexander ; was born near Harrisburg Pa., Sept. 8, 1815; was clerk of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1841, and a member of Congress in 1843-47. President Taylor appointed him first governor of the Territory of Minnesota in 1849, when it contained a civilized population of nearly 5,000 white people and half-breed Indians. He remained in that office until 1853, and made treaties with the Indians by which cessions of large tracts of land were made to the national government. He was chosen the first mayor of St. Paul, the capital, in 1855. He was an active war governor Alexander Ramsey. in 1860-64; United States Senator in 1864-75; and Secretary of War in 1879-81.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Recovery, Fort, defence of (search)
Recovery, Fort, defence of General Wayne succeeded St. Clair in command of the troops in the Northwest, and on the site of the latter's defeat (1791) he erected a fort, and called it Recovery. In June, 1794, the garrison, under Maj. William McMahon, were attacked by many Indians. McMahon and 22 others were killed, and 30 were wounded. The Indians were repulsed. On Aug. 20 the Indians were defeated by Wayne at the Maumee Rapids (q. v.).
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