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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 33 1 Browse Search
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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
t indicated. It is found that lithographic ink will adhere to those parts where light has acted. The gelatine print is accordingly inked with a lithographic transfer-ink, and the print thus produced is transferred to the surface of stone or zinc. But a lithographic stone does not do more than discriminate between black and white; it will not recognize half-tones. The process is therefore only suitable for the production of work either in dots or lines. For this purpose it was used by Mr. Osborne in Australia, in Southampton, England, and now very extensively in this country. See photolithography. Poitevin's process, 1855, belongs to this group, and is typical of its kind. He coated the stone with bichromated albumen, and put it through the actinic processes in situ, then inked up on the stone. Another process in the second group is Photogalvanography (which see). See also Photoglyphic engraving; Photozincograph. A third process is the Woodburn, in which a gelatine pi
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
his great invention, would gratify and astonish him infinitely; he would gaze in amazement at the lithographic power-press, printing thousands of sheets daily; and his philanthropic mind would be lost in admiration at the sight of a chromo, which he would confound with the original painting, and which his art has placed within the reach of every one. All this he would readily comprehend; photo-lithography alone would be to him a mystery and a revelation. — Contributed to this work by Mr. J. W. Osborne. Lith′o-labe. （Surgical.) An instrument for grasping a stone in the bladder, and holding it while it is being acted upon by a lithotritic instrument. The lithoprione is a form of litholabe. Lith′o-lyte. （Surgical.) A form of catheter for conveying solvents of calculi into the bladder. Lith′on-triptor. An instrument for crushing the stone in the bladder into minute fragments, that they may pass out with the urine. Lithontriptor and lithotomy-forceps. T
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
elocity. When the driving-shaft exceeds its normal rate of speed, the collar E′ is carried forward relatively to the flywheel, and instantly closes the throttle-valve. A slackening of speed of the driving-shaft permits the spring to turn the sleeve in a contrary direction and open the valve,—the flywheel remaining all the time the unit of motion, and maintaining a nearly uniform speed, due to its momentum, the variable pressure of its fans, and its free attachment to the driving-shaft. Osborne's marine governor operates by the force of a volume of mercury or other heavy, viscid fluid in a revolving vessel, acting upon a number of vanes held in position against a current of a given force by a spring. Any increase in the speed of the revolving vessel beyond its normal rate overcomes the force of the spring, turns the vanes, and closes the throttle-valve by a mechanical connection. Per contra, if the revolving vessel moves slower, due to a slackening of speed of the engine, the
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
s transferred to stone and rolled up for printing. Osborne's process. See photolithography. b. A photogralens; d, the board for the paper enlargement. J. W. Osborne's copying-camera and table is unique in the respan oscillating nut in the table. Solar camera. Osborne's copying-camera and table. The camera e rests e first instrument of the kind was constructed by Mr. Osborne in 1866, for the American Photolithographic Compaess, but did not prove of practical value. 5. J. W. Osborne patented in Australia, September 1, 1859, and in Patent Office has been for some years performed by Osborne's process, and in accuracy and speed leaves nothingned with protosulphate of iron to obtain a cast. Osborne and Robertson, in 1860, transferred the photolitho-uted for stone. Cutting and Bradford, as well as Osborne, contemplated the production of the printable pictur is employed. In its details it is identical with Osborne's (omitting the use of albumen). Both these invento
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
glish patents Nos. 11,619 of 1847, 890 of 1858. The marine velocimeter is a registering-log. See log. See also English patent 8,645 of 1840. English patent 2,892 of 1856 is to indicate the position of a hoisting-cage in a mining-shaft. Osborne's speed-gage is for the purpose of determining the rate of speed at which shafting or wheels are rotating. It has an index-hand or pointer, a graduated dial, a current-receiver, and retarding-spring with a current-generator, whereby the force ond of the belting of machinery generally. It may be made to give an indication or alarm, whenever a shaft has acquired a certain rate of speed, by effecting an electrical connection whenever the pointer reaches a certain place in its path. Osborne's speed-gage. Speed-in′di-ca — tor. 1. (Machinery.) A device for indicating the number of revolutions made by a shaft in a given time. Speed-indicator. In Fig. 5367, the spindle carries a worm, engaging an interior system of gear
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
ntinues to revolve. A battery is connected with the magnet and with the upper end of a thermometer x, and the glass tube thereof forms a break in the circuit. Osborne's Esthermoscope. The mercury of the thermometer contained in the metallic cistern y fixed to the shell d rises with the increased temperature of the shell, caof the cylinder ceases. See also thermo-electric alarm. Fig. 6368 is a thermoscope of peculiar construction, for meteorological purposes, the invention of J. W. Osborne of Washington. The object of this instrument is to give expression to the aggregate of all the climatic influences which tend at any time and place to affect (b c m p). 1. The heated skelp is turned over a mandrel, and swaged by a hammer, while resting in a grooved anvil. 2. Welded and rolled by grooved rollers. Osborne, 1817 (b c d e n p). The skelp is turned and welded on a mandrel, which has a shield to prevent its passing between the rollers, so that the barrel is drawn off t