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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 19 1 Browse Search
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ing the throat-strap and nose-band of a halter. Chintz. A cotton cloth gayly printed with designs of flowers, etc., in five or six different colors. It was a favorite in the time of Queen Anne, long before cotton prints became cheap. — let a charming chintz and Brussels lace Wrap my cold limbs and shade my lifeless face. The English Parliament had prohibited the burial of corpses in cotton or linen goods, intending to improve the demand for woolens. The young lady is supposed by Pope to express her disgust at donning the unfashionable fabric even for burial. Swift says: — Chintzes are gaudy and engage our eyes. The name, being highly respectable, has since been applied to goods lacking the graceful and artistic character of the genuine article. The chintzes of the Coromandel coast were celebrated in the time of Marco Polo, thirteenth century. They are mentioned also by Odoardo Barbosa, a Portuguese, who visited India soon after the passage of the Cape of Good Ho
a run of stones. It stands on the husk. a is the runner, b the bed-stone. b. A metallic band around a mill-stone. 4. A strap around an eccentric. 5. (Apparel.) a. A thin strip (usually of steel and covered with braid), used in expanding the skirts of ladies' dresses. b. A frame made of pliable, steel, braid-covered hoops, united by vertical tapes and adapted to expand the skirt of a lady's dress. Frames of similar shape but differently constructed were in use in the time of Pope and of Queen Bess. Hoop-bend′ing ma-chine′. (Coopering.) A machine for curving hoops; generally consisting of a set of three rollers between which the hoop is passed, the upper roller acting against and between the two lower ones, and having its lower surface depressed below the upper line of the two lower ones. Hoop-coil′ing ma-chine′. (Coopering.) A machine by which split, sawn, or cut hoop-stuff for barrels is wound upon a drum so as to be secured in a coiled condition
Lawn. 1. (Fabric.) A very fine white goods, cotton or linen, finer than cambric; of an open texture, plain or printed. White lawn is part of the flowing dress of a bish- op. It has the odor of ecclesiastical preferment, and, according to Pope, of sanctity also, which is not always the same thing. A saint in crape is twice a saint in lawn. A certain Right Reverend Lieutenant-General was felled a few years since by a round shot. His threestarred coat hid the lawn. 2. (Porcelat fairly be carried over the shoulders, as described by Callimachus in his Hymn to Ceres, where he represents the priestess of Nicippe carrying her key in that manner. Homer's allusion to the lock on the wardrobe of Penelope is thus rendered by Pope:— A brazen key she held, the handle turned, With steel and polished ivory adorned. The bolt, obedient to the silken string, Forsakes the staple as she pulls the ring; The wards, respondent to the key, turn round, The bars fly back, the flying
Several German organs were placed in Italian churches by John VIII., 872-882. About 951, the abbey of Malmesbury and the cathedral of Winchester in England were provided with organs. At this time and for two centuries later, the compass was small, usually from 9 to 11 notes, the brass pipes harsh in tone and the machinery clumsy; the keys being 4 or 5 inches broad, and struck by the fist. Gerbert of Auvergne, in his school at Rheims, had an organ played by steam. He was afterward made Pope by the Emperor Otho III., assuming the name of Sylvester II. He and his patron were poisoned by Italian intriguers about 1002. Gerbert introduced the Arabic numerals into Europe. The organ of Winchester, probably placed there by St. Dunstan, had 26 pairs of bellows, 400 pipes, and required 70 men to work it. The key-board is distinctly described at the close of the eleventh century. At this time a number of small bellows, 20 or more, were used, worked by men who held to a horizontal
nuous line of signals at fixed intervals of a mile or so apart, upon the closed-circuit plan, has also been devised. The wear and tear in the operating mechanism of signals of this kind, occasioned by the frequent passage of heavy trains at high rates of speed, being very great, it has been proposed to use the rails themselves as a telegraph line for this purpose, the circuits being made by the iron wheels as they pass over the intervals separating the ends of the rails at the joints Mr. F. L. Pope says that he has tried an arrangement of this kind on the Boston, Lowell, and Nashua Railroad, and that it was almost absolutely certain in its results during an experience of five months. Rail′way-slide. (Railroad-engineering.) A device for shifting a car from one line of rails to another. It consists of a platform running on wheels transversely across the tracks. The car is run up an inclined plane on to the platform; the latter is then moved transversely, and the car descend
o 97; antimony, 3 to 10. Collins's (red), copper, 8; zinc, 1. Collins's (yellow), copper, 10; zinc, 8. Collins's (white), copper, 1; zinc, 16; tin, 16. Pope's, lead, 1; zinc, 3; tin, 2. Cast and roll into sheets at about 200°. See alloy. Another alloy of Mushet's is composed of copper, 100 pounds; zinc, 0.5 ounc. Wilkinson, had some linen thread adhering to it. Well skilled to cull The snowy fleece, and wind the twisted wool. Egyptian spindles. Iliad, Book III: (Pope's version.) The earliest mode of spinning was probably by the distaff and spindle. The distaff was a cleft stick, about 3 feet long, on which wool, flax, or c telegraphs, leaving out the names of Henry, Draper, Morse, Farmer, and others. Of course they have not heard of Hughes, Phelps, Edison, Stearns, Little, Anders, Pope, and House. One such treatise (?) is before the writer, and its complacent appropriation of all the glory is amusing. Fulton visited Symington about 1801 or 18
upply the waste. It has been known to be over five and a half minutes in making a single revolution, moving regularly all this time, however, and capable of automatically increasing the rate almost immediately to more than 30 revolutions a minute. The Holly Water-Works in various cities of the Union have also an automatic regulator. The first engine known to have been thus automatically regulated was one at Ross, Herefordshire, England. In that town, in 1720, John Kyrle, celebrated in Pope's Elegy as the Man of Ross, established a system of water supply for that town, which, from that time to the present has been uninterruptedly in use. The distinctive feature of this system consists in forcing water by pumps into the street mains, so as to supply the town with water under such pressure as may be required. At the Ross works, the ordinary pressure for many years has been 45 pounds per square inch. Steam-power has been substituted for the old water-wheels long since. Wat′tl