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C. Julius Caesar, Gallic War, Book 5, chapter 27 (search)
C. Arpineius, a Roman knight, the intimate friend of Q. Titurius, and with him, Q. Junius, a certain person from Spain, who already on previous occasions, had been accustomed to go to Ambiorix, at Caesar's mission, is sent to them for the purpose of a conference: before them Ambiorix spoke to this effect: "That he confessed, that for Caesar's kindness toward him, he was very much indebted to him, inasmuch as by his aid he had been freed from a tribute which he had been accustomed to pay to the Aduatuci, his neighbors; and because his own son and the son of his brother had been sent back to him, whom, when sent in the number of hostages, the Aduatuci had detained among them in slavery and in chains; and that he had not done that which he had done in
C. Julius Caesar, Gallic War, Book 7, chapter 55 (search)
Noviodunum was a town of the Aedui, advantageously situated on the banks of the Loire . Caesar had conveyed hither all the hostages of Gaul, the corn, public money, a great part of his own baggage and that of his army; he had sent hither a great number of horses, which he had purchased in Italy and Spain on account of this war. When Eporedirix and Viridomarus came to this place, and received information of the disposition of the state, that Litavicus had been admitted by the Aedui into Bibracte , which is a town of the greatest importance among them, that Convictolitanis the chief magistrate and a great part of the senate had gone to meet him, that embassadors had been publicly sent to Vercingetorix to negotiate a peace and alliance; they thought that so grea
E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus (ed. E. T. Merrill), Friends and foes. (search)
riends. Nothing more is known of them than can be gathered from Catullus himself. Veranius has in c. 9 just returned from a residence in Spain, and in c. 12 the presence there of Fabullus also is noted. The 13th poem, too, a jesting reference to a prospective dinner offered Fab (56 B.C.; cf. § 31 ff.). 69. If, then, there be such a connection as indicated between cc. 9 and 13, the absence in Spain cannot have been that with Piso, and must have preceded it by several years; for the reference to Lesbia in c. 13.11 clearly antedates ttwo friends so intimately connected as Veranius and Fabullus should have been together on more than one journey after fortune; and the journey to Spain like the later one with Piso (cf. § 70) may well have been on the staff of a provincial governor, - probably about 60 B.C., as
E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus (ed. E. T. Merrill), Poem 9 (search)
An expression of joy over the return of Veranius from Spain. On the date of composition and the personality of Veranius, see Intr. 68f. With the poem, cf. Hor. Carm. 11.7 on the safe return to Italy of Pompeius.—Metre, Phalaecean. omnibus: etc., i.e. who alone of all my friends art dearer to me than all the rest put together, however many they be. The ablative phrase is used in its ordinary partitive sense modifying the vocative directly, while milibus depends upon antistans, amicis being readily supplied from the partitive phrase. mihi: in my feeling. milibus trecentis: two numerals commonly used independentiy of indefinite multitude (for milia see Catul. 5.7 ff.; Catul. 35.8, etc.; for trecenti, Catul. 11.18; Catul. 12.10; Catul. 29.14) are here combined for additional emphasis, as in Catul. 48.3
E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus (ed. E. T. Merrill), Poem 12 (search)
as in Verg. A. 5.536 cratera quem Anchisae Cisseus sui dederat monimentum. mei sodalis: the singular is used since the two friends, Veranius and Fabullus, are identified in the affections of Catullus; note also how in Catul. 12.15ff. all expression of preference is avoided by reversal of the order of two names, and by the reduction of Veranius to the diminutive form to correspond with Fabullus (cf. Intr. 68; Catul. 28.3n.). sudaria Saetaba: cf. Catul. 25.7; Saetabis (now Jativa) was a city of Tarraconensis near the eastern coast of Spain, and was noted for its manufacture of flax; cf. Plin. NH 19. 9. miserunt: not far from 60 B.C. (cf. Catul. 9.1, and Intr. 68, Intr. 69), within a comparatively short time after which year, this poem, then, was probably written.
E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus (ed. E. T. Merrill), Poem 13 (search)
To Fabullus, an invitation to a dinner, where the guest is, however, to furnish the meal himself. Perhaps the dinner was to celebrate the return of Fabullus from Spain with Veranius; cf. Catul. 9.1 and Intr. 68, Intr. 69. - On the date of composition see Catul. 13.11n. —Meter, Phalaecean. cenabis: to add to the humorous effect of what follows, the first two verses of invitation are phrased in a tone of lofty condescension, almost as if Catullus were conferring a munificent boon upon a humble friend. The verse is imitated in Mart. 11.52.1 cenabis belle, Iuli Cerealis, apud me. The tone of dignity and condescension is kept up by the absurd twist of the modest phrase si mihi di favent, and the effect is angmented by the extreme indefiniteness of the time set. Catullus has not quite yet determined the importan
E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus (ed. E. T. Merrill), Poem 28 (search)
An address of sympathy to Veranius and Fabullus on their return in poverty from an absence in Macedonia on the staff of Piso, the governor. This absence of theirs is not to be confounded with their earlier trip to Spain mentioned in Catul. 9.1ff. and elsewhere (cf. Intr. 68ff.).—Date, about 55 B.C. Meter, Phalaecean. Pisonis: i.e. L. Calpurnius Piso Caesonianus, on whom see Intr. 70. comites: i.e. members of the cohors, or staff, of a provincial governor; cf. Catul. 11.1; Catul. 46.9. inanis: penniless, for Piso cared only to enrich himself, and Cicero scores him for his avarice in Cic. Pis. 35.86; cf. Catul. 64.288 vacuus. aptis: i.e. accommodated to the circumstances of their bearers, as definitely explained by inanis; th
E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus (ed. E. T. Merrill), Poem 29 (search)
riage? With this final appeal cf. Catul. 9.10n. urbis: etc. see Crit. App. socer generque: perhaps with a sneer at the political interests that dictated the marriage of Caesar's daughter to a man over twenty years her senior, who had lately divorced his wife on suspicion of adultery with Caesar himself. Yet the marriage had actually proved a very happy one on both sides. perdidistis omnia: the familiar cry of the optimates at this time, when they had become more estranged from their former idol, Pompey, by events following upon the famous council of the so-called triumvirs at Luca in 56 B.C., in accordance with which Pompey and Crassus were this year consuls, with the government of Spain and Syria respectively to follow, while Caesar had just had his command in Gaul extended for five years.
E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus (ed. E. T. Merrill), Poem 64 (search)
invencis: since they no longer bore the yoke; in this expression, as in the following verses, the absolute desertion of the farm is pictured by representing it as if it had lasted a long time. Cf. Verg. Ecl. 4.40f. non rastros patietur humus, non vinea falcem; robustus quoque iam tauris iuga solvet arator . humilis vinea: here, as, according to Varro RR 1.8, in Spain and some parts of Asia, the vines were not trained on trees, but either ran along the ground or were so cut as to be kept low. The latter plan is followed to-day in the great vineyards of California, and to some extent in Italy itself. curvis: perhaps referring to the crescent-shaped iron, the two points of which form the teeth of the rastrum pictured in Rich's Dict. Ant. s.v.
E. T. Merrill, Commentary on Catullus (ed. E. T. Merrill), Poem 66 (search)
construction of moods in Verg. Ecl. 3.16 quid domini faciant, audent cum talia fures? Chalybon: etc. cf. Callim. Frag. 35e *xalu/bwn w(s a)po/loito ge/nos, geio/qen a)nte/llonta kako\n futo\n oi(/ min e)/fhnan ; Hor. S. 2.1.42 o pater et rex Iuppiter, ut pereat positum robigine telum . The Chalybes here referred to are undoubtedly not those of Spain, but the tribe of iron-workers in Pontus; cf. Xen. Anab. 5.5.1 a)fiknou=ntai ei)s *xa/lubas. ou(=toi o)li/goi te h)=san kai\ o( bio/s h)=n toi=s plei/stois au)tw=n a)po\ sidhrei/as. fingere: the verb, usually applied to easily worked substances (such as wax and clay), is strongly contrasted with duritiem; the Chalybes worked against nature in learning to dig iron from the concealing earth, and to m
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