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the horizontal steam-cylinders having piston-rods proceeding from each end, and having cross-heads from which connecting rods reach to the paddle-wheel shafts. 2. a. Buchanan's parallel float-wheel. The floats are attached to horizontal shafts which have their bearings in the radial arms. On the axis of each paddle is an arm from which a rod proceeds to an eccentric on the paddle-wheel shaft. The effect is to keep the floats vertical at all points of their revolution. Machinery of Fulton's steamboat Clermont (1807). In Galloway's patent of 1829 the revolution of the wheel causes an eccentric collar to rotate by the action of arms, and the radius rods cause each paddle to oscillate on its axis so as to enter and leave the water obliquely. In Oldham's improvement in 1827, the angle of the paddles is constantly varying, being vertical only at the point of greatest submergence, and horizontal at the point of greatest elevation. The change of position is accomplished by t
besieging St. Malo, Dieppe, and Dunkirk, without serious damage. In 1770 the Russians burned the Turkish fleet in the port of Tchesme, and destroyed the fortifications by the shock of the explosion. In 1804 the loaded catamarans of Fulton were used by the English against the French fleet off Boulogne. But little damage was done. The experiments were repeated again and again against Le Forte Rouge at Calais, 1804 (Fulton blew up the brig Dorothea in Walmer Roads, October, 1805. See Fulton's Torpedo war, and Torpedoes, their invention and use, by W. R. King, U. S. A., 1866, Plates XVIII., XIX.); Rochefort, 1809: the pontoon bridges of the French on the Danube, at Essling; in 1813, by the Austrians in attempting to destroy the bridges across the Elbe at Koenigstein. About 1843 Colonel S. Colt constructed a torpedo with which he blew up a ship in the Eastern Branch of the Potomac River, near the Washington Navy Yard; it is believed that the most important feature of this cons