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-plating. Fig. 2703 shows broadside views of a number of English iron-clads, and is introduced to illustrate the modes of arming and of protecting; the shaded portions indicating the partial protection only, afforded in some instances to the battery and engines, and at about the water-line. a shows the Warrior and Black Prince class of 6,039 tons. b, the Achilles, of the same size. c, the Defence and Resistance, 3,668 tons. d, the Hector and Valiant, 4,063 tons. c, the Northumberland, Minotaur, and Agincourt, 6,621 tons. f, the Prince Consort, Royal oak, Royal Alfred, Ocean triumph, and Caledonia, 4,045 tons. g, the Royal sovereign, 5-turreted vessel, 3,765 tons. h, the Prince Albert, 6-turreted vessel, 2,529 tons. i, a two-shield ship of 1,385 tons. j, the Enterprise, 990 tons. k, the Favorite, 2,186 tons. The lower portion of the figure is a midship section of a British iron-clad ship of 1,385 tons, carrying two of the shields as adapted by Cap
er sep′a-rat-ing. Pattinson's method (English) of separating lead from silver is an economical substitute for cupellation. It is founded upon the property which pure lead has of crystalizing out of a solution of silver in lead. The argentiferous lead being fused is allowed to cool slowly, solid crystals of nearly pure lead are first formed, and are separated by an iron strainer from time to time, the melted remainder becoming still richer in silver. At Beaumont's works, Allenheads, Northumberland, the process is conducted in hemispherical, cast-iron pans, each holding about 3 tons of metal and heated by a fire beneath. The process is several times repeated, and the remaining metal is treated by cupellation. Argentiferous lead ores containing only 3 ounces of silver to the ton can be profitably worked for the silver by this means, while 20 ounces of silver to the ton scarcely paid when treated by the process of cupellation. See also cupellation; Pattinson's pots; lead-bath.