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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Force, Manning Ferguson (search)
Force, Manning Ferguson Author; born in Washington, D. C., Dec. 17, 1824; graduated at Harvard in 1845; admitted to the bar, Cincinnati, 1850; appointed major of the 20th Ohio Regiment in 1861; took part in the battles at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the siege at Vicksburg. He was with Sherman in the Atlanta campaign and was mustered out of service as brevet major-general of volunteers. In 1889 he became commandant of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home. Among his publications are From Fort Henry to Corinth; The Mound builders; Prehistoric man; The Vicksburg campaign; Marching across Carolina, etc.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), French refugees in America. (search)
French refugees in America. The colony of Huguenots planted in America by Coligni disappeared, but the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (q. v.) in 1685 caused another and larger emigration to America. The refugees in England had been kindly assisted there, and after the accession of William and Mary Parliament voted $75,000 to be distributed among persons of quality and all such as, through age or infirmity, were unable to support themselves. The King sent a large body of them to Virginia, and lands were allotted them on the James River; others purchased lands of the proprietaries of Carolina, and settled on the Santee River; while others—merchants and artisans—settled in Charleston. These Huguenots were a valuable acquisition to the colonies. In the South they planted vineyards and made wine. A large number of them settled in the province of New York, chiefly in Westchester and Ulster counties, and in the city of New Y
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Georgia, (search)
se the Spaniards to attack them at once; and if they would not do so, to try and persuade them to remain at St. Simon's three days longer; for within that time a British fleet, with 2,000 land troops, would arrive to attack St. Augustine. This letter was sent to the deserter by a Spanish prisoner, who, as it was expected he would, carried it to the Spanish commander. The Frenchman was put in irons, and afterwards hanged. A council of war was held, and while it was in session vessels from Carolina, seen at sea, were mistaken for the British fleet alluded to. The Spaniards determined to attack Oglethorpe immediately, and then hasten to the defence of St. Augustine. They advanced on Frederica, along a narrow road flanked by a forest and a morass; and when within a mile of the fort Oglethorpe and his Highlanders, lying in ambush, fell upon them furiously. Nearly the whole of the advanced division were killed or captured, and a second, pressing forward, shared their fate. The Spaniard
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Greene, Nathanael 1742- (search)
was president of the court of inquiry in the case of Major Andre soon afterwards (see Andre, John). Greene succeeded Gates in command of the Southern army, Oct. 14, 1780, which he found a mere skeleton, while a powerful enemy was in front of it. He took command of it at Charlotte, N. C., Dec. 4. By skill and energy he brought order and strength out of confusion, and soon taught Cornwallis that a better Nathanael Greene. general than Gates confronted him. He made a famous retreat through Carolina into Virginia, and, turning back, fought the British army at Guildford Courthouse, N. C., March 15, 1781. Greene then pushed into South Carolina, and was defeated by Lord Rawdon in the battle of Hobkirk's Hill, April 25. Soon afterwards he besieged the fort of Ninety-Six, and on Sept. 8 gained a victory at Eutaw Springs, S. C., for which Congress gave him thanks, a British standard, and a gold medal. Expelling the British from the Southern country, Greene returned to Rhode Island at the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hayne, Robert young -1839 (search)
l of the country has been to her as the voice of God. Domestic discord ceased at the sound; every man became at once reconciled to his brethren, and the sons of Carolina were all seen crowding together to the temple, bringing their gift to the altar of their common country. What, sir, was the conduct of the South during the Reof freedom. Never was there exhibited in the history of the world higher examples of noble daring, dreadful suffering, and heroic endurance than by the Whigs of Carolina during the Revolution. The whole State, from the mountains to the sea, was overrun by an overwhelming force of the enemy. The fruits of industry perished on the spot where they were produced, or were consumed by the foe. The plains of Carolina drank up the most precious blood of her citizens. Black and smoking ruins marked the places where had been the habitations of her children. Driven from their homes into the gloomy and almost impenetrable swamps, even there the spirit of liberty
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Huguenots. (search)
the choice of Albert Pierria for governor. Ribault built a fort, and named it Carolina, in honor of his King, the remains of which were yet visible in 1866. After gs of France, and erected a fort on the south bank of the river, which he named Carolina. Rumors came of rich mines in the interior, and a violent gold-fever raged. chief command, believing the Spaniards meant to march overland and attack Fort Carolina, with three ships manned by sailors and soldiers went to sea to drive their en. During Ribault's absence the Spanish marched over the country, captured Fort Carolina, butchered a greater portion of the Huguenots there, and hanged some of them ule had been wrecked below St. Augustine, and while making his way towards Fort Carolina, with about 300 men, they were caught by the Spaniards and massacred. Laudonn an attack upon two forts on the St. John occupied by the Spaniards below Fort Carolina. The strong places were captured, and the whole of the Spaniards were slaught
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Lafayette, Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gilbert Motier, Marquis de 1757- (search)
o English frigates—and this is not the only time when the elements seemed bent on opposing M. de Lafayette, as if with the intention of saving him. After having encountered for seven weeks various perils and chances, he arrived at Georgetown, in Carolina. Ascending the river in a canoe, his foot touched at length the American soil; and he swore that he would conquer or perish in that cause. Landing at midnight at Major Huger's house, he found a vessel sailing for France, which appeared only wad, and still worse clothed, presented a strange spectacle to the eye of the young Frenchman. Their clothes were particolored, and many of them were almost naked. The best clad wore hunting shirts, large gray linen coats which were much used in Carolina. As to their military tactics, it will be sufficient to say that, for a regiment ranged in order of battle to move forward on the right of its line, it was necessary for the left to make a continued counter-march. They were always arranged in
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Lawson, John 1712- (search)
Lawson, John 1712- Historian; born in Scotland; came to America with the appointment of surveyor-general for North Carolina. He was the author of A New voyage to Carolina, containing the exact description and natural history of that country; and a Journal of a thousand miles travelled through several Nations of Indians, etc. He was killed by the Indians on Neuse River, N. C., in 1712.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Mississippi River. (search)
Mississippi River. Indian name Miche-sepe, meaning Great water, or Father of waters ; was first discovered by Europeans with De Soto, in June, 1541, not far from the site of Helena, Ark., it is supposed. De Soto died on its banks. A London physician named Coxe purchased the old patent for Carolina granted to Sir Robert Heath (see State of North Carolina) in 1630, and put forward pretensions to the mouth of the Mississippi, which two armed English vessels were sent to explore. Bienville, exploring the Mississippi at a point some 50 miles from its mouth, unexpectedly encountered one of Coxe's vessels coming up. Assured that this was not the Mississippi, but a dependency of Canada, already occupied by the French, the English commander turned about and left the river; and that point has ever since been known as the English Turn. In 1673 Joliet and Marquette descended the river to a point within three days journey of its mouth. Father Hennepin explored it from the mouth of the Il
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Negro soldiers. (search)
uld enlist for the war his personal freedom. He argued that they would make good soldiers; that their natural faculties were as good as those of white people; that giving them freedom with their muskets would insure their fidelity, animate their courage, and have a good influence on those who should remain, by opening a door for their emancipation. Two days afterwards the elder Laurens wrote to Washington on the subject, saying: If we had arms for 3,000 such black men as I could enlist in Carolina, I should have no doubt of success in driving the British out of Georgia and subduing East Florida before the end of July. Washington, guided by prudence and common-sense, replied that the policy was a questionable one, for, should we begin to form battalions of them [negroes], I have not the smallest doubt, if the war is to be prosecuted, of their [the British] following us in it, and justifying the measure upon our own ground. The contest, then, must be, who can arm fastest? And wher
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