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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
hich it is reduced to powder. Barkome-ter. A hydrometer so graduated as to determine the strength of ooze according to a given scale of proportions, water being zero. Bark Paper. Throughout Southeastern Asia and Oceanica the Broussonesia papyrifera, or paper mulberry, is a common tree, and its bark is capable, by soaking and beating, of assuming the appearance of fine linen. It may be bleached, dyed, and printed, and is a common material for dress in the islands of Oceanica. In Java and Sumatra it is the common material for writing upon. When solidified and burnished, it resembles parchment. Manuscripts in European museums attest its quality. The same bark made into a pulp is used in China and Japan for making paper. The processes adopted with bamboo and the mulberry-bark are substantially similar after the reduction of the raw material into a pulpy condition. The Chinese processes are as follows: — The paper-stuff being rinsed with water alone, or with water i
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ities and varieties of materials are consumed. The blackthorn and crab, cherry-tree and furze-bush, sapling oak and Spanish reed (Arundo donax), are the favorites. Then come supple-jacks and pimentoes from the West Indies, rattans and palms from Java, white and black bamboos from Singapore, and stems of the bambusa — the gigantic grass of the tropics — from Borneo. These are cut at certain seasons, freed from various appendages, assorted into sizes, and seasoned. Many different processes ar The castanets are used in many of the national dances of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and the use extends east of this district as far as China. They are used by the bayadeers in India, and the professional dancing-girls of Java, who are painted entirely white, and whose performances are rather attitudinizing than dancing; undulatory motions of the body, arms, and head taking the place of the agility of the legs and feet. Egyptian maces (from Thebes） The first sugg<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
shed in good faith. In it the terra-borealis forms the only trace of the North American continent, and might answer for Newfoundland. Cuba and parts of the South American continent are plotted as islands of the eastern coast of Asia, adjacent to Java major, Java minor, and Zipango, which more immediately fringed the Asiatic coast. Cuba, the Antilia of Columbus, and yet the Queen of the Antilles, lies north and south, parallel with the coveted island of Zipango (Japan), which so persistently eJava minor, and Zipango, which more immediately fringed the Asiatic coast. Cuba, the Antilia of Columbus, and yet the Queen of the Antilles, lies north and south, parallel with the coveted island of Zipango (Japan), which so persistently eluded the search of the man of Genoa, who tried to push his caravel through a continent. Sea-charts were brought to England, 1489, by Bartholomew Columbus, to illustrate his brother's views respecting a western continent. The first tolerably accurate map of England was made by George Lilly, who died 1559. Gerard Mercator published his Atlas in 1556. In this, as in the modern maps on the Mercator projection, the meridians and parallels are straight lines and cut each other at right ang
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
. It gives the flavor to raw whiskey and is used for making flavoring extracts. Formerly used for burning. Gingilie(See Sesamum.) Ground-nut or earth-nutArachis hypogaeaEurope, etcAffords oil used in cooking, burning, and for making soap. HazelCorylus avellanaEurope, etcNuts afford oil. Sold as nut-oil. Used by painters, perfumers, and medicinally. Hemp-seedCannabis sativaEurope, etcUsed for burning, paints, varnishes, and for soft soaps, etc. Insect wax(See Wax.) Japan wax(See Wax.) Java wax(See Wax.) LinseedLinum usitatissimumEurope, etcBoiled with litharge produces the boiled oil of paints and varnishes. Used in burning, etc. The refuse of the seeds affords the oil-cake for fattening cattle. MaizeZea maysWarm climatesOil extracted from the seeds. MeeBassia longifoliaTropicsObtained from the seeds. Used for burning, etc. Myrica wax(See Candleberry.) Myrtle wax(See Candleberry.) MustardSinapis alba et nigraEurope, etcThe husks and seed afford a fixed oil. Used for bur
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
have an excellent substitute in an emergency, birch-bark, used by the northern tribes of Indians. In Polynesia and Oceanica, as well as in China and Japan, the Morus papyrifera, or papermulberry, yields an inner bark which is of great value. In Java and Sumatra it is the ordinary material for writing upon. Its use as a garment is perhaps most extensive among the Feejees. Among these ingenious cannibals the tappa cloth, as it is termed, is made by removing the bark from the tree in strips India; wintergreen (Gualtheria procumbens), from the United States; various of the Andropagons, from Ceylon; ihlang-ihlang (Unona odoratissima, one of the Anonaceae), from the Philippine Islands; vanda (Aerides suaveolens, an orchid), chiefly from Java, but from other places too in the Indian Archipelago; frangipanni (Plumeria alba, one of the Apocyanaceae), from both the East and West Indies. The French are the greatest producers of perfumes; there are two notable exceptions, attar gul, or att
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
yteleni to Aivali1333 1871Khania to Retimo32200 1871Retimo to Khandia41152 1871Khandia to Rhodes201600 1871Khios to Chesmeh633 1871Zante to Corfu150 1871Zante to Cephalonia18203 1871Lowestoft, England, to Greitseil, Germany22323 1871Anjer, Java, to Telok Betong, Sumatra5550 1871Banjoewangie, Java, to Port Darwin, Australia1,0821,580 1871St. Thomas to St. Kitts1331,170 1871St. Kitts to Antigua90130 1871Antigua to Demerara, connecting the West India Windward Islands1,028 1871Porto RicJava, to Port Darwin, Australia1,0821,580 1871St. Thomas to St. Kitts1331,170 1871St. Kitts to Antigua90130 1871Antigua to Demerara, connecting the West India Windward Islands1,028 1871Porto Rico to Jamaica582 1872Lizard, England, to Bilbao, Spain460 1872British Columbia to Vancouver Island.18 1873Falmouth to Lisbon850 1873Caithness to Orkney8 1873Valentia to Newfoundland1,900 1873Key West to Havana125 1873Placentia, Newfoundland, to Sydney, Cape Breton300 1873Heligoland to Cuxhaven, Germany40 1873England to Denmark350 1873France to Denmark450 1873Denmark to Sweden12 1873Pernambuco, Brazil, to Para, Brazil1,080 1873Alexandria, Egypt, to Crete390 1873Candia to Zante240 18