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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
g as we were ignorant of their real value, than the Indians with our glass beads. Ancient American Bronzes.Copper.Tin.Iron. Chisel from silver-mines, Cuzco946 Chisel from Cuzco92.3857.615 Knife from grave, Atacama97.872.13 Knife964 Crowbar from Chili92.3857.615 Knife from Amaro95.6643.9350.371 Perforated axe964 Personal ornament, Truigilla95.4404.560 Bodkin from grave96.703.30 The bronzes of Europe took a much wider range of variation. Copper.Tin.LeadIron. Spear-head, Lincolnshire8614 Bronze vessel, Cambridgeshire8812 Flexible nails201 Sword, France87.4712.53 Medal1008-12 Axe-head, Mid-Lothian88.511.120.78 Caldron, Duddingstone84.87.198.53 Mirrors10030-50 Sword, Ireland83.505.158.353 Sword, Thames89.699.580.33 Axe-head, Ireland89 339 190.33 Drinking-horn, Kings Co., Ireland79.3410.879.11 Wedge, Ireland945.90.1 See also Brasses and Bronzes, with the addition of Iron, p. 61. Copper.Tin.Zinc.Lead.Arsenic.Iron.Aluminium. Statuary bronze91.41.45.51.7
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
eyer, a Dutch engineer, had a dredging-machine on the principle of the French chapelet; a long trough being lowered to the mud, and traversed by an endless chain provided with boards at intervals. The boards scraped up the mud and carried it up in the trough, from whose upper end it was discharged into lighters. A horsewheel was employed. In the reign of Charles I., Balme made a vertical wheel with six buckets, which worked between boats and raised mud. It was employed in the fens of Lincolnshire. About 1708, Savery patented a steam dredgingmachine for raising ballast from the Thames. In 1796, Watt made a steam dredger for deepening Sunderland Harbor. The dredging-machine described by the Marquis of Worcester was a water-screw, but the bottom made of iron plate, spade-wise, which at the side of a boat emptieth the mud of a pond or raiseth gravel. The dredging-machine described in the Theatrum Instrumentorum et Machinarum, 1578, was rather an elevator than a dredger. T
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
have been brought to compose a single island, whose area is not less than sixty thousand acres. The first dikes of Holland are attributed to the Romans. A levee 6,000 yards in length defends the Romney Marsh, Essex, England, from overflow by the sea. The levee was made during the occupancy of Britain by the Romans, and is kept in good order, 24,000 acres of rich land being thus obtained. The fresh water in the ditches passes off at the lowest state of the tide by three sluices. In Lincolnshire, England, 400,000 acres of feverand-ague breeding swamp-land have been transformed into fields of wheat, barley, and oats, and excellent meadows. See scoop-wheel. Lev′el. An instrument for indicating a horizontal line, or determining the position as to horizontality of an object or surface to which it is applied. See also contact-level. The Roman instruments for leveling were the libra aquaria and the dioptera of Hipparchus, the father of astronomical geography. The name is
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
e scoop-wheel is also adapted to raise water to an elevation equal to about half the diameter of the wheel, but delivers it at the periphery, instead of near the axis. Some of the scoop-wheels, used so extensively in draining the fens of Lincolnshire, England, are made of cast-iron with wooden floats which form an angle of 45° with the horizon at the point where they deliver the water. The floats are otherwise like those of an undershot water-wheel, and move in a curved trough of masonry callium of Alexandria, the moles of the Pireus and Rhodes, of Civita Vecchia, Ostia, and Antium, as well as those of many modern ports, especially in Europe, whose small rivers afford but narrow refuges. The Roman embankments of Essex and Lincolnshire, in England, were steep mounds of earth, defended by rows of piles, the intervals between the rows being filled up with chalk. Modern embankments on the estuary of the Thames consist of three strata. The rise of tide is 10 feet, and the lower