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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), America, discoverers of. (search)
tinent about the year 1170. There is no evidence that the Northmen saw more than the coasts of Labrador and New England--possibly Newfoundland; and the landing-place of Madoc is wholly conjectural. ), who sailed from Bristol in May with two caravels, discovered the North American continent at Labrador. He was seeking a northwest passage to Cathay. and, being barred from the Polar Sea by pack-ice, sailed southward, discovered Labrador, and possibly went along the coast as far as the Carolinas. He discovered and named Newfoundland. and found the treasures of codfishes in the waters near it. skilful navigator, with two caravels on a voyage of discovery towards the same region. He saw Labrador, and possibly Newfoundland. and went up the coast almost to Hudson Bay: and it is believed thatheir waters was dedicated to St. Lawrence. In 1576 Sir Martin Frobisher went to Greenland and Labrador, and coasting northward discovered the bay that bears his name. Huguenot adventurers from Sout
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cabot 1476-1557 (search)
in July. In April, 1498, they Map of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, after charts made by Sebastian Cabot. sailed again from Bristol; on this voyage John died and Sebastian succeeded to the command. The place of the landfall is uncertain; probably Labrador and Prince Edward Island were reached. A common account is that he was stopped by the icepack in Davis Strait. Then he sailed southwest, and discovered the shores of Labrador, or, possibly, the northern shore of Newfoundland. Turning northwarLabrador, or, possibly, the northern shore of Newfoundland. Turning northward, he traversed the coast of the continent almost to lat. 60°, when the ice again barred his way. Then he sailed southward, and discovered a large island, which he called New Found Land (Newfoundland), and perceived the immense number of codfish in the waters surrounding it. Leaving that island, he coasted as far as the shores of Maine, and, some writers think, as far south as the Carolinas. On his return Cabot revealed the secret of the codfish at New Found Land, and within five or six years
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Canada (search)
da, and costly public buildings were erected there. By act of the Imperial Parliament, which received the royal assent March 28, 1867, the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia were connected and made one nation, under the general title of The Dominion. Upper Canada was named Ontario, and Lower Canada Quebec. Provision was made for the future admission of Prince Edward Island, the Hudson Bay Territory, British Columbia, and Newfoundland, with its dependency, Labrador. In the new government the executive authority is vested in the Queen, and her representative in the Dominion is the acting governor-general, who is advised and aided by a privy council of fourteen members, constituting the ministry, who must be sustained by a Parliamentary majority. There is a Parliament composed of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Commons. According to the census of 1891 the population of the Dominion, by provinces, was as follows: Ontario2,114,321 Quebe
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cartier, Jacques 1494-1555 (search)
nch navigator; Jacques Cartier. born at St. Malo, France, Dec. 31, 1494; was commissioned by Francis I., King of France, to command an expedition to explore the Western Continent. On April 20, 1534, after appropriate ceremonies in the cathedral at St. Malo, he sailed from that port with two ships, having each a crew of 120 men, and, after a prosperous voyage of twenty days, they arrived at Newfoundland. Sailing northward, he entered the Strait of Belle Isle, and, touching the coast of Labrador, he formally took possession of the country in the name of his king, and erected a cross, upon which he hung the arms of France. Turning southward, he followed the west coast of Newfoundland to Cape Race. Then he explored the Bay of Chaleurs, landed in Gaspe Bay, held friendly intercourse with the natives, and induced a chief to allow two of his sons to go with him to France, promising to return them the next year. There, also, he planted a cross with the French arms upon it, and, sailin
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cortereal, Gasper 1500- (search)
rn shores of Newfoundland, discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and sailed along the coast of the American continent to lat. 60°, and named the neighboring coast Labrador. Cabot had visited that coast two years before, but did not land; Cortereal landed in several places, and gave purely Portuguese names to localities. The nativaptives. The profits of this voyage excited the cupidity of Cortereal and his King (Emanuel the Great), and they prepared to carry on an active slave-trade with Labrador. Cortereal went on a second voyage in 1501, but was supposed to have been lost at sea; and his brother Michael, who went in search of him, was never heard of afm. The commander of one of the vessels seized fifty-seven natives as slaves, but most of them were lost in the ships. The King declared that Cortereal was the first discoverer of the American continent, and he caused a map to be published in 1508, in which the coast of Labrador is called Terra Corterealis, or Cortereal's Land.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fisheries, the. (search)
t, in any treaty of peace, these fisheries ought to be considered as a perpetual joint property. Indeed, New England had planned, and furnished the forces for, the first reduction of Cape Breton, and had rendered conspicuous assistance in the acquisition of Nova Scotia and Canada by the English. The Congress, on March 23, 1779, in committee of the whole, agreed that the right to fish on the coasts of Nova Scotia, the banks of Newfoundland, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the straits of Labrador and Belle Isle, should in no case be given up. In the final treaty of peace (1783) the fishery question was satisfactorily settled. In the summer of 1845 some ill-feeling was engendered between the United States and Great Britain concerning the fisheries on the coasts of British America in the East. American fishermen were charged with a violation of the treaty of 1818 with Great Britain, which stipulated that they should not cast their lines or nets in the bays of the British provinces
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Frobisher, Martin 1536- (search)
length the Earl of Warwick and others privately fitted out two small barks of 25 tons each and a pinnace, with the approval of Queen Elizabeth, and with these he sailed from Deptford in June, 1576, declaring that he would succeed or never come back alive. As the flotilla passed the palace at Greenwich, the Queen, sitting at an open window, waved her hand towards the commander in token of good — will and farewell. Touching at Greenland, Frobisher crossed over and coasted up the shores of Labrador to latitude 63°, where he entered what he supposed to be a strait, but which was really a bay, which yet bears the name of Frobisher's Inlet. He landed, and promptly took possession of the country around in the name of his Queen. Trying to sail farther northward, he was barred by pack-ice, when he turned and sailed for England, bearing a heavy black stone which he believed contained metal. He gave the stone to a man whose wife, in a passion, cast it into the fire. The husband snatched t
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Helluland. (search)
Helluland. Leif, the Northman, in a voyage from Greenland to Vinland, about the year 1000, discovered a country covered with rocks, which he named Helluland, slate land, supposed to be Labrador or Newfoundland.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New England. (search)
other principal streams of Maine; and finally, sailing southward, they landed on a large island abounding with grapes, which they named Martin's (corrupted to Martha's) Vineyard. Returning to England at the end of six months, Pring confirmed Gosnold's account of the country. This led to other expeditions; and in 1605 the Earl of Southampton and Lord Arundel fitted out a vessel and placed it under the command of George Weymouth, another friend of Raleigh, who had explored the coasts of Labrador in search of a northwest passage to India. He sailed from England in March, 1605, taking the shorter passage pursued by Gosnold; but storms delayed him so that it was six weeks before he saw the American coast at Nantucket Turning northward, he sailed up a large river 40 miles and set up crosses. He then entered Penobscot Bay, where he opened traffic with the natives. At length Weymouth thought he observed signs of treachery on the part of the Indians, and he determined to resent the aff
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Northmen, the (search)
ic the Red was planted in the latter country (983). It is said that an adventurer named Bjarni discovered the mainland of North America in the tenth century (986). These people were chiefly from Norway, and kept up communication with the parent country. According to an Icelandic chronicle, Captain Lief, son of Eric the Red, sailed in a little Norwegian vessel (1001), with thirty-five men, to follow up the discovery of Bjarni, and was driven by gales to a rugged coast, supposed to have been Labrador. He explored the shores southward to a more genial climate and a well-wooded country, supposed to have been Nova Scotia, and then to another, still farther south, abounding in grapes, which he named Vinland, supposed to have been Massachusetts, in the vicinity of Boston. Lief and his crew built huts and wintered in Vinland, and returned to Greenland in the spring, his vessel loaded with timber. Thorwald, Lief's brother, went to Vinland with thirty men in 1002, and wintered there in the v
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