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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
at each end form angles of 135°, and are each 350 yards in length. A surface of 1,120 acres is protected. It is 133 yards wide at bottom, 15 at top: a set-off 22 yards wide forms a foreshore on the sea side. The upper portion is revetted with masonry laid in Roman cement on both faces and crown. The hight of the latter is 2 feet above high-water spring-tides. 4,105,920 tons of stone were used in the construction. Cost, $7,500,--000. Delaware Breakwater is situated just inside of Cape Henlopen, the southwestern point of land at the entrance of Delaware Bay, and was intended to form a harbor of refuge during storms for vessels passing along the coast. The work was commenced in 1829. It consists of two parts, the breakwater proper and the ice-breaker. The former is 1,203 yards long, extending in an E. S.E., and W. N.W. direction. The ice-breaker is designed to protect the harbor from floating ice brought down by the Delaware River, is 500 yards long, and lies in an E. by N.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
rete and Beton (which see) are of this class. Terra-cotta, employed for architectural ornaments, statuary, etc., is in the nature of a fine brick. Cement stones have been largely employed for constructions in the sea, especially for harbor dams, breakwaters, and quay walling. We may cite the moles of Dover and Alderney, in England, of Port Vendre, Cette, La Ciotat, Marseilles, and Cherbourg in France, Carthagena in Spain, Pola in the Adriatic, of Algiers and Port Said in Africa, and Cape Henlopen at the mouth of the Delaware. For the break water at Cherbourg artificial stone blocks of 712 cubic feet each were immersed The fortifications before Copenhagen are made of a concrete of broken stone and hydraulic mortar. The sluice of Francis Joseph on the Danube, in Hungary, is built entirely of concrete. This work forms a reservoir, the bottom and the sides of which consist of one piece. Its length is 360 feet, and width 30 feet. Its construction, begun in 1854, was completed w