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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
.8, funnel. 9, flue.12, grate. 10, mantel.13, breast. 11, back.14, damper. The earliest example of a fireplace cited in this work is that of Coninsborough Castle, in England, of the Anglo-Norman period. The mantels are constructed of flat arches. The example is adduced to show the earlier form of chimney, and perhaps the most ancient one in existence, anticipating by several centuries the first chimneys erected in Italy. (See chimney.) The fireplace (A, Fig 1996) in the hall of Vicar's Close, Wells, England, is an example of the fireplace of some centuries back. Fireplaces Louis Savot, of the Faculty of Medicine at Paris (1579-1640), published a work on warming and ventilation in 1624. His is the first recorded attempt at combining the cheerfulness of an open fire with the economy of an inclosed stove. Fig. B shows a front view and an elevation of his ingenious arrangement. The hearth, covings, and back were lined with thick iron plates three inches distant fro