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Because
of this achievement many historians compare this battle with the one which the Greeks fought at
Plataea and the stratagem of Gelon with the
ingenious schemes of Themistocles, and the first place they assign, since such exceptional
merit was shown by both men, some to the one and some to the other. And the reason is that, when the people of Greece on the one hand and those of Sicily on the other were struck with dismay before the conflict at the multitude
of the barbarian armies, it was the prior victory of the Sicilian Greeks which gave courage to
the people of Greece when they learned of Gelon's
victory; and as for the men in both affairs who held the supreme command, we know that in the
case of the Persians the king escaped with his life and many myriads together with him, whereas
in the case of the Carthaginians not only did the general perish but also everyone who
participated in the war was slain, and, as the saying is, n
When Mardonius and his army had returned to Thebes, the Greeks gathered in congress decreed to make
common cause with the Athenians and advancing to Plataea in a body, to fight to a finish for liberty, and also to make a vow to the
gods that, if they were victorious, the Greeks would unite in celebrating the Festival of
Liberty on that dayThis Day of Freedom was commemorated
every four years at Plataea, probably on the 27th
of August. On the date see Munro in the Camb. Anc. Hist. 4, pp. 339 f.
and would hold the games of the Festival in Plataea. And when the Greek forces were assembled
at the Isthmus, all of them agreed tPlataea. And when the Greek forces were assembled
at the Isthmus, all of them agreed that they should swear an oath about the war, one that would
make staunch the concord among them and would compel them nobly to endure the perils of the
battle. The oath ran as follows: "I will not hold life dearer
than liberty, nor will I desert the leaders, whether they be living or dead, but I will bury
all th
Also in Ionia the Greeks fought a great
battle with the Persians on the same day as that which took place in Plataea, and since we propose to describe it, we shall take
up the account of it from the beginning. Leotychides the
Lacedaemonian and XanthippusThe father of
Pericles. the Athenian, the commanders of the naval force, after the battle of
Salamis collected the fleet in Aegina, and after spending some days there they sailed to
Delos with two hundred and fifty triremes. And
while they lay at anchor there, ambassadors came to them from Samos asking them to liberate the Greeks of Asia. Leotychides took counsel with the
commanders, and after they had heard all the Samians had to say, they decided to undertake to
liberate the cities and speedily sailed forth from Delos. When the Persian admirals, who were then at Samos, learned that the Greeks were sailing against them, they withdrew from
Samos with all their ships, and putting into
In Greece the Athenians after the victory at
Plataea brought their children and wives back to
Athens from Troezen and Salamis, and at once set to
work fortifying the city and were giving their attention to every other means which made for
its safety. But the Lacedaemonians, observing that the
Athenians had gained for themselves great glory by the actions in which their navy had been
engaged, looked with suspicion upon their growing power and decided to prevent the Athenians
from rebuilding their walls. They at once, therefore,
dispatched ambassadors to Athens who would ostensibly advise them not at present to fortify the
city, as not being of advantage to the general interests of the Greeks; for, they pointed out,
if Xerxes should return with larger armaments than before he would have walled cities ready to
hand outside the Peloponnesus which he would use as
bases and thus easily subjugate the Greeks. And when no attention
The Lacedaemonians, having appointed Pausanias, who had held the command at Plataea, admiral of their fleet, instructed him to liberate
the Greek cities which were still held by barbarian garrisons. And taking fifty triremes from the Peloponnesus and
summoning from the Athenians thirty commanded by Aristeides, he first of all sailed to
Cyprus and liberated those cities which still had
Persian garrisons; and after this he sailed to the Hellespont and took Byzantium, which was held by the Persians, and of the other barbarians some he
slew and others he expelled, and thus liberated the city, but many important Persians whom he
captured in the city he turned over to Gongylus of Eretria to guard. Ostensibly Gongylus was to keep these men for punishment, but
actually he was to get them off safe to Xerxes; for Pausanias had secretly made a pact of
friendship with the king and was about to marry the daughter of Xerxes, his purpose being to
betray
As for us, since throughout our entire
history we have made it our practice in the case of good men to enhance their glory by means of
the words of praise we pronounce over them, and in the case of bad men, when they die, to utter
the appropriate obloquies, we shall not leave the turpitude and treachery of Pausanias to go
uncondemned. For who would not be amazed at the folly of this
man who, though he had been a benefactor of Greece,
had won the battle of Plataea, and had performed
many other deeds which won applause, not only failed to safeguard the esteem he enjoyed but by
his love of the wealth and luxury of the Persians brought dishonour upon the good name he
already possessed? Indeed, elated by his successes he came to
abhor the Laconian manner of life and to imitate the licentiousness and luxury of the Persians,
he who least of all had reason to emulate the customs of the barbarians; for he had not learned
of them from
In my opinion this action was in no way inferior to any
of the battles fought by the Athenians in former times; for neither the victory at Marathon nor
the success over the Persians at Plataea nor the
other renowned exploits of the Athenians seem in any way to surpass the victory which Myronides
won over the Boeotians. For of those other battles, some were
fought against barbarians and others were gained with the aid of allies, but this struggle was
won by the Athenians single-handed in pitched battle, and they were pitted against the bravest
warriors to be found among the Greeks. For in staunchness in
the face of perils and in the fierce contests of war the Boeotians are generally believed to be
surpassed by no other people; at any rate, sometime after this the Thebans at Leuctra and
Mantineia,In
371 and 362 B.C. respectively. when they unaided confronted
all the Lacedaemonians and their allies, won for themselves the high