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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
king of roads preceded the extensive use of carriages, and rendered it possible. The Romans knew how important an agent in civilization were the roads, and the memorials of their genius yet remain in Europe. Facility of transportation is necessary to progress, and the early nations were either maritime or dependent upon some great river which was the artery of the empire. Witness the Mediterranean, the Nile, Euphrates, and Tigris; these waters washed all the lands of historic interest from Noah to Constantine. We must except far Cathay, — China. Stowe dates the making of coaches in England from 1555, and credits Walter Rippin with the making of the same. The canopies of these coaches were supported by pillars on the bodies, surrounded by curtains of cloth or leather, which were folded up when so desired. They were heavy, clumsy, and destitute of springs. They were driven by a postilion, and where four horses were used, the man who rode the near wheel-horses drove the leaders
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
e art of weaving was held to have been derived from the early sovereigns of the land; so great regard was felt for the inventor, that the work was generally thus associated. Semiramis, the Assyrian queen, is credited with the invention of weaving. The Greeks represented Minerva with a distaff, as being the inventress of spinning. Homer refers to the products of the loom. The Egyptians credited it to Isis; the Mohammedans to a son of Japhet; the Chinese to the consort of the Emperor Yao (Noah); the Peruvians to Mamaoella, wife of Manco Capac, their first sovereign. The modern Arabs and the Hindoos use a procumbent loom. The Bible notices of weaving refer to loom-work, netting, and braiding. 1. When Delilah wove into the web the seven locks of Samson's hair. 2. Where Isaiah pronounces a curse upon Egypt, which shall destroy all her vast works of irrigation and improvement, and confound those who live by weaving networks. The Bible also refers to needlework and embroidery
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
nailing on shingles, a bit for occasionally trimming them to fit, and a claw for drawing the nails. Shingling-mill. （Metal-working.) A rollingmill or forge, where puddled iron is hammered to remove the dross, compact the grain, and turn out malleable iron. Shin′gling-tongs. Heavy tongs, usually slung from a crane and used in moving the ball of red-hot iron to and beneath the trip or steam hammer. Ship. （Nautical.) A three-masted vessel, with square sails on each mast. Noah's ark being 300 cubits long, 50 broad, and 30 high, and the cubit being that estimated by Mr. Greaves, would make the ark 547 feet long, 91 feet 2 inches wide, and 54 feet 8 inches high. 25,820 tons capacity. The proportions are relatively much like those of the Great Eastern, which was about 18,000 tons. Ships with masts, yards, and square sails are shown in the ancient paintings of Eleythya, Egypt. The Bible and other historical authorities agree in giving precedence to the Phoeni<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
using slate for the purpose, and at the Highland games of putting the stone and drawing the stone. Chess, dice, draughts, Punch, hocky, and battledoor and shuttlecock, are all Indo-Chinese or Tartarian. Wooden carved toys are almost exclusively produced in the hilly wooded regions of Germany and Switzerland, where they are generally carved by the peasants, when not employed in farm labors, the whole family, even to the smaller children, taking a part in the work. The cheaper kinds, as Noah's arks, soldiers, tea-sets, etc., are principally produced in the vicinity of the Black Forest, Nuremberg being the principal depot. Sonneburg, in Thuringia, exports about 25,000 cwt. of the better class of wooden toys, made in the town and vicinity. Switzerland excels in wooden cottages, models, etc., and France in mechanical or clock-work toys. Rocking-horses, carts, velocipedes, drums, doll's houses, and a variety of other articles, are made in large quantities in London. The Uni