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June (search for this): chapter 4
d by this means raise his effective to near one hundred thousand men. Lee's policy of concentration included the withdrawal of Jackson's force from the Valley of the Shenandoah,—and a withdrawal so secret, that its first announcement should be the blow struck. Before commencing operations, however, he sent Stuart, with a body of fifteen hundred Virginia troopers, to make the circuit of the Union army, by a swoop around its rear. This having been successfully accomplished about the middle of June, Lee was ready, with the knowledge thus gained, to strike. To mask Jackson's intended withdrawal from the Valley, General Lee detached a division from the force around Richmond (the division of Whiting) and sent it to join Jackson. This was done ostentatiously, and in such a way that it should become known to General McClellan; Lee judging that the intelligence of this movement would give his antagonist the impression of a revival of operations in the Shenandoah region. If there was, as
6th (search for this): chapter 4
r, which was the most promising, since it menaced the enemy's flank, was not made in sufficient force, and presented merely the character of a detachment on the Confederate rear,—a species of operation which is seldom successful. Besides, it started too late and arrived too late. The Confederates evacuated Yorktown on the night of May 3-4. Franklin's division had just been disembarked from the transports, so that re-em barkation was necessary, and it did not start till the morning of the 6th, and did not make the landing near White House till the morning of the 7th. It could be of no avail, unless supported by the whole army coming from Williamsburg. Schalk: Campaigns of 1862-3, p. 169. But there was no assurance that this could be, for the existence of the defences of Williamsburg, where the Confederates were sure, if need be, to make a stand, was known. Barnard: Report of Engineer Operations, p. 63. The action at Williamsburg was very unfortunate, though General McCle
4th (search for this): chapter 4
ohnston had no intention of occupying; for, by the opening up of the York, the line of Williamsburg was exposed to be immediately turned. The Confederate army had, in fact, passed through Williamsburg towards the Chickahominy, and only a rear-guard re- Sketch of the field of Williamsburg. A. Hooker's division. B. Part of Couch's division. C. Smith's division. D. E. Works occupied by Hancock's brigade. mained to cover the trains. When, however, Stoneman, on the afternoon of the 4th, drew up in front of the redoubts, Johnston, seeing pursuit to be serious, brought back troops into the works; and thus, by a kind of accident, there ensued on the morrow the bloody encounter known as the battle of Williamsburg. Stoneman, on his arrival in front of Williamsburg, had a passage at arms with the Confederate cavalry; but, finding the position too strong to carry, he stood on the defensive, awaiting the arrival of the infantry. Now, such was the confusion that attended this hu
1st (search for this): chapter 4
eyond its real proportions. There are on record official reports and official testimony that would make one believe that the action on the morning following Fair Oaks assumed the volume of a battle—and a battle, too, if one were to credit the oft-recurring bayonet charges, and attacks in solid column, of little less than first-class magnitude. There is little doubt, however, that these details are largely, if not altogether apochryphal. There was, indeed, a rencounter on the morning of the 1st, but it was the result not of a plan and purpose of aggressive action on the part of the Confederates, but an incident in the withdrawal of the enemy from the Union front. General Johnston has frequently expressed to the writer his amazement at the swelling bulk assumed by the skirmish of the 1 st. Though not present, having been removed to Richmond after his hurt, General Johnston yet knew by constant reports from the field what was going on, and asserts that nothing more severe than an aff
June 26th (search for this): chapter 4
McClellan, in expectation that Mc-Dowell might still be allowed to come and join him, threw forward his right wing, under Porter, to Hanover Courthouse, on the 26th of June, the echoes of his cannon bore to those in Richmond who knew the situation of the two Union armies the knell of the capital of the Confederacy. Prince de Joce) arrived on the 12th and 13th, which increased his effective to one hundred and fifteen thousand men. The rolls of the Army of the Potomac showed on the 26th of June the following figures: Total aggregate of present and absent, one hundred and fifty-six thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight; aggregate absent, twenty-nine , with equally ill success; but while the Confederates were thus engaged, Jackson passed Beaver Dam Creek above and turned the position. By the night of the 26th of June, the intelligence which McClellan received from his outposts left no doubt of Jackson's approach, and, divining now the true nature of Lee's move, he resolved
March 17th (search for this): chapter 4
the assertion of the Assistant Secretary of War, Mr. Tucker, whose administrative talent, in concert with General McClellan, directed this vast undertaking, that for economy and celerity of movement, this expedition is without a parallel on record. A European critic calls it the stride of a giant— and it well deserves that blazon. The van of the grand army was led by Hamilton's—afterwards Kearney's—division of the Third Corps (Heintzelman's), which embarked for Fortress Monroe on the 17th of March. It was followed by Porter's division on the 22d, and the other divisions took their departure as rapidly as transports could be supplied. General McClellan reached Fortress Monroe on the 2d of April, and by that time there had arrived five divisions of infantry, three regiments of cavalry, the artillery division, and artillery reserve—making in all fifty-eight thousand men and one hundred guns. This force was at once put in motion in the direction of Yorktown, in front of which the
June 28th (search for this): chapter 4
te House; and he saw that, holding the lower bridges of the Chickahominy, he might retreat down the Peninsula over the same route by which Johnston retreated up the Peninsula. In either case, it was necessary to hold his entire force in hand on the north side of the river. Yet Mc-Clellan had adopted neither of these courses, but one different from either, and which his adversary had not divined. And thus it happened that when, on the day after the battle of the Chickahominy—Sunday, the 28th of June—Lee threw forward Ewell's division and Stuart's cavalry corps to seize the York River Railroad, he discovered he had been anticipated; for the line of supplies by the York River Railroad had been already abandoned two days before, the water-transportation had been ordered round to the James River, the vast supplies had been run across to the south side of the Chickahominy, and the enemy on his arrival found nothing save the burning piles in which the remnant of stores it had been impossib
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